Boundary displacement: Area studies and international studies during and after the cold war

Critical Asian Studies

Volumn 29, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 6-26

  Cumings, Bruce ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0002874729     PISSN: 14672715     EISSN: 14726033     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14672715.1997.10409695     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. 1992. “ Bundy's 1964 speech at John Hopkins, quoted in Sigmund Diamond ”. In Compromised Campus: The Collaboration of Universities with the Intelligence Community, p. 10.–p. 10. New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Foucault, Michel. 1980. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977, Edited by: Gordon, Colin. p. 96.–p. 96. New York: Pantheon Books.
3. Katz, Barry. 1989. Foreign Intelligence: Research and Analysis in the Office of Strategic Services, 1942–1945, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. has written an informative, well-researched book that nonetheless barely scratches the surface in examining the problems inherent in professors doing intelligence work; furthermore, he ends his story in the late 1940s. See; Robert B. Hall's seminal study done for the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) in 1947 still makes for interesting reading, but Hall, of course, would not have had access to classified intelligence documentation on the government's relationship to area studies. See Hall, Area Studies with Special Reference to Their Implications for Research in the Social Sciences (New York: SSRC, 1947).
4. Katz. Foreign Intelligence pp. 11, 29, 99, 115.–pp. 11, 29, 99, 115.
5. Katz. Foreign Intelligence pp. 2–5–pp. 2–5.
6. Winks, Robin. 1087. Cloak and Gown: Scholars in the Secret War, 1939–1961, pp. 159–61–pp. 159–61. pp. 6–115–pp. 6–115. New York: William Morrow.
7. Wallerstein, Immanuel. Mar 1966. “ Open the Social Sciences ”. In Items, vol. 50, Mar, p. 3–p. 3. New York: Social Science Research Council. no. 1
8. Vogel, Ezra. 1979. Japan as Number One: Lessons for America, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
9. Fenton, William Nelson. 1947. Area Studies in American Universities: For the Commission on Implications of Armed Services Educational Programs, Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education. paraphrased in Ravi Arvind Palat, “Building Castles on Crumbling Foundations: Excavating the Future of Area Studies in a Post-American World” (University of Hawaii, Feb. 1993). I am grateful to Ravi Palat for sending me his paper.
10. DuBois, Cora. 1949. Social Forces in Southeast Asia, pp. 1–11–pp. 1–11. p. 198.–p. 198. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. quoted in Katz, Foreign Intelligence
11. Katz. Foreign Intelligence p. 160–p. 160.
12. et al. Beyond Growth: The Next Stage in Language and Area Studies Association of American Universities Washington, D.C. 1984 pp. 8–9 pp. 8–9 and Palat, “Building Castles on Crumbling Foundations”; also
13. Dessants, Betty Abrahamson. 1996. The Silent Partner: The Academic Community, Intelligence, and the Development of Cold War Ideology, 1944–1946. annual meeting of the Organization of American Historians. Mar1996. Katz (Foreign Intelligence, pp. 57–60) maintains there was a break between the antifascist politics of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the anticommunist politics of the CIA, but a close reading of his text suggests many continuities into the postwar period, in the persons of Alex Inkeles, Philip Mosely, W. W. Rostow, and numerous others; an alternative reading would be that the antifascists, many of them left-liberals, were either weeded out or fell by the wayside, distressed at the turn taken by U.S. Cold War policies after 1947.
14. Simpson's. 1988. Blowback: America's Recruitment of Nazis and Its Effects on the Cold War, p. 115n–p. 115n. pp. 103–105–pp. 103–105. New York: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. The letter is dated 28 Oct. 1948. Those who wish to pursue this matter can find additional documentation in the William Donovan Papers, Carlisle Military Institute, box 73 a. Others included in this effort were Evron Kirkpatrick, Robert Lovett, and Richard Scam-mon, among many others. Christopher Simpson terms this same operation “the Eurasian Institute,” listing it is a special project of Kennan and Davies, in which Kirkpatrick participated. See; Diamond also has useful information on this matter in Compromised Campus
15. Diamond. Compromised Campus chaps. 3 and 4
16. Boston FBI to FBI Director. Feb. 9 1949. “ Diamond ”. In Compromised Campus Feb., p. 47–p. 47. pp. 109–110–pp. 109–110. quoted in
17. Summers, Anthony. 1993. Official and Confidential: The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover, New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. Summers's evidence on Hoover's cross-dressing homosexual encounters is thin and is offered mainly to titillate, but hisoextensive information on Hoover's suborning by organized crime seems undeniable
18. Joint Committee on Contemporary China (JCCC). Mar 1968. Report on the Conference on the Status of Studies of Modern and Contemporary China, Mar, p. 98–p. 98. New York: SSRC.
19. Thomas, John. 1974. The Institute of Pacific Relations: Asian Scholars and American Politics, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. of the IDA, 19 July 1963, where Mosely refers to RAND Corporation funds going to help Zagoria complete his dissertation, and Institute of Defense Analysis funds that helped support Zagoria for a postdoctoral project; see also Mosely to Brzezinski, 20 Aug. 1963. In his book; John N. Thomas later castigated CCAS scholars for their biases.
20. Shrecker, Ellen. 1986. No Ivory Tower: McCarthyism and the Universities, pp. 97–104, 125–pp. 97–104, 125. New York: Oxford University Press.
21. Sanders, Jane. 1979. Cold War on the Campus: Academic Freedom at the University of Washington, 1946-64, Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. In her index he has two entries for J. Edgar Hoover and three for the FBI, none related to the 1949 case
22. Sanders. Cold War on Campus p. 94–p. 94.
23. Newman, Robert. 1992. Owen Lattimore and the ‘Loss’ of China, pp. 118–22–pp. 118–22. pp. 363–64–pp. 363–64. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Simpson, Blowback; On Taylor's introduction to Mandel, see Diamond, Compromised Campus, p. 308. (Poppe has always denied that he was an SS officer, saying that as a foreigner he could not have joined the SS; he also claimed that his “research” had nothing to do with the “final solution”-which was announced at a conference in Wannsee in January 1942 by SS leader Reinhard Heydrich, with Adolph Eichmann in attendance. See Simpson, Blow-back, p. 48n.)
24. Lambert, Richard. 1986. Points of Leverage: An Agenda for a National Foundation for International Studies, New York: Social Science Research Council. See, for example
25. 1992. Items. TheNational Security Education Program, vol. 46 (nos. 2–3) June-Sept: p. 22–p. 22.
26. Rubin, Amy. 4, 1996. The Chronicle of Higher Education. South Korean Support for U.S. Scholars Raises Fears of Undue Influence, Oct: pp. 1–11–pp. 1–11.
27. National Security and the Future of Asian StudiesBulletin of Concerned Asian ScholarsSelden Mark, Boyce James, BCASApr.-June1992vol. 24pp. 84–98pp. 84–98 See also the updated information in the Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, vol. 24, no. 3 (July-Sept. 1992), pp. 52–53.
28. Fairbank, John, Roberts, Moss, and Horowitz's, David. 1971. Politics and Knowledge: An Unorthodox History of Modern China Studies. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, vol. 3 (nos. 3–4): pp. 91–168–pp. 91–168. Special Supplement: Modern China Studies; summer-fall
29. Johnson, Chalmers, and Keehn, E. B., 1994. Rational Choice and Area Studies. The National Interest,: pp. 14–22–pp. 14–22. summer
30. Prewitt. Presidential Items, p. 16–p. 16.
31. Heginbotham, Stanley. 1994. Rethinking International Scholarship: The Challenge of Transition from the Cold War Era. Items, June-Sept
32. Huber, Robert, Ruble, Blair, and Stavrakis, Peter. 1995. Post-Cold War ‘International’ Scholarship: A Brave New World or the Triumph of Form Over Substance. Items, Mar.-Apr
33. Latin American committee. 1979. The New Authoritarianism in Latin America, Edited by: Collier, David. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. One good example is a book that grew out of a conference sponsored by the
34. Wallerstein. Open the Social Sciences, pp. 6–7–pp. 6–7.
35. Miyoshi's, Masao. 1993. Off Center, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 83. I use phrase in his; suggestive of a stance placing the scholar neither in his native country nor on the ground he studies, but in a place “off center,” yielding a parallax view essential to new knowledge-about anything. Miyoshi made his scholarly reputation as a literary critic of Elizabethan novels, and now writes about Japan (and the United States) with a rare insight born of a rare experience.
36. Diamond. Compromised Campus, p. 43–p. 43.