Is the European social model fragmenting?

New Political Economy

Volumn 2, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 405-426

  Grahl, John ^a   Teague, Paul ^b  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002817772     PISSN: 13563467     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13563469708406315     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. See, in particular, Colin Crouch, Industrial Relations and European State Traditions (Clarendon, 1993) for industrial relations; and Gøsta Esping-Andersen, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Polity Press, 1990) for an analogous account of differentiation among welfare states.
2. See, in particular, Colin Crouch, Industrial Relations and European State Traditions (Clarendon, 1993) for industrial relations; and Gøsta Esping-Andersen, The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism (Polity Press, 1990) for an analogous account of differentiation among welfare states.
3. See Jacques Donzelot, L'Invention du Social (Fayard, 1984), cited in Daniel Lenoir, L'Europe sociale (La Découverte, 1994), p. 5.
4. See Jacques Donzelot, L'Invention du Social (Fayard, 1984), cited in Daniel Lenoir, L'Europe sociale (La Découverte, 1994), p. 5.
5. See, for example, Philip Armstrong, Andrew Glyn & John Harrison, Capitalism since 1945 (Blackwell, 1991), part I.
6. For a survey of the European social model, see Michael Emerson, What Model for Europe? (MIT Press, 1988).
7. Franz Traxler, 'Farewell to labour market associations? Organised versus disorganised decentralisation as a map for industrial relations', in: Colin Crouch & Franz Traxler (Eds), Organised Industrial Relations in Europe: What Future? (Avebury, 1995).
8. Andrew Glyn & Bob Rowthorn, 'The Diversity of Unemployment Experience since 1973', Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1992), pp. 57-89.
9. For a version of this argument which is completely unrelated to free-market optimism, see Claus Offe, Contradictions of the Welfare State, Ed. John Keane (Hutchinson, 1982).
10. Wolfgang Streeck, 'The rise and decline of neocorporatism', in: Lloyd Ulman, Barry J. Eichengreen & William T. Dickens (Eds), Labour and an Integrated Europe (Brookings Institution, 1993), pp. 80-101.
11. For a discussion of the impact of higher interest rates on company strategies and the consequent importance of cash flow as against long-run market shares, see Jean-Paul Fitoussi & Edmund Phelps, The Slump in Europe: Reconstructing Open Economy Theory (Blackwell, 1988).
12. Samuel Bentolila & Juan J. Dolado, 'Labour Flexibility and Wages: Lessons from Spain', Economic Policy, No. 18 (1994), pp. 53-99.
13. Victor A. Pestoff, 'Towards a new Swedish model of collective bargaining and politics', in: Crouch & Traxler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe.
14. Assar Lindbeck, Per Molander, Torsten Persson, Olof Peterson, Agnar Sandmo, Birgitta Swedenborg & Niels Thygesen, 'Options for Economic and Political Reform in Sweden', Economic Policy, No. 17 (1993), pp. 219-63.
15. For what has turned out to be a valedictory appreciation of Scandinavian social corporatism, see Jukka Pekkarinen, Matti Pohjola & Bob Rowthorn (Eds), Social Corporatism: A Superior Economic System? (Clarendon, 1992).
16. For a critique of 'naturalism', that is the assumption that Western economic mechanisms are natural expressions of economic forces, see Claus Thomasberger, 'Monetäre Stabilisierung, das Problem der Fremdwährungsversorgung und Konvertibilität', in: Jens Hölscher, Anke Jaobsen, Horst Tomann & Hans Weisfeld (Eds), Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung und institutioneller Wandel, Vol. 2: Bedingungen ökonomischer Entwicklung in Zentralosteuropa (Metropolis-Verlag, 1994), pp. 137-64.
17. Nicholas A. Barr (Ed.), Labour Markets and Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe: The Transition and Beyond (Oxford University Press/International Monetary Fund, 1994).
18. John Grahl & Paul Teague, 'Industrial relations and economic citizenship in a wider Europe', paper presented to the UACES conference. Integration in a Wider Europe, Birmingham, September 1995.
19. For the most impressive example of such a comparative study, see Anthony Ferner & Richard Hyman (Eds), Industrial Relations in the New Europe (Blackwell, 1992).
20. Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development, 'Trends in Trade Union Membership', OECD Employment Outlook (1991), pp 95-113.
21. Richard Disney, Amanda Gosling & Stephen Machin, 'What has Happened to Union Recognition in Britain?', Economica, Vol. 63, No. 249 (1996), pp. 1-18.
22. Robert Boyer, 'The Future of Unions: Is the Anglo-Saxon Model a Fatality, or will Contrasting National Trajectories Persist?', British Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 33, No. 4 (1995), pp. 545-56.
23. A more fully theorised and, in consequence, more realistic assessment of comparative data can be found in Richard Locke, Thomas Kochan & Michael Piore, 'Reconceptualising Comparative Industrial Relations: Lessons from International Research', International Labour Review, Vol. 134, No. 2 (1995), pp. 139-61; it should be noted that this study suggests that unions have not yet arrived at an adequate response to the challenges they face.
24. For a recent statement, see Robert Boyer & Jean-Pierre Durand, L'Après-fordisme (Syros, 1993).
25. Antonio Gramsci, 'Americanism and Fordism', in: Quintin Hoare & Geoffrey Nowell Smith (Eds), Selections from the Prison Notebooks of Antonio Gramsci (Lawrence and Wishart, 1971).
26. Jonathan I. Gershuny & Ian D. Miles, The New Service Economy: The Transformation of Employment in Industrial Societies (Pinter, 1983).
27. Marino Regini, Uncertain Boundaries: The Social and Political Reconstruction of European Economies (Cambridge University Press, 1995) and James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones & Daniel Roos, The Machine that Changed the World: Based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 5-million-dollar 5-year Study of the Future of the Automobile (Rawson Associates, 1990).
28. Marino Regini, Uncertain Boundaries: The Social and Political Reconstruction of European Economies (Cambridge University Press, 1995) and James P. Womack, Daniel T. Jones & Daniel Roos, The Machine that Changed the World: Based on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 5-million-dollar 5-year Study of the Future of the Automobile (Rawson Associates, 1990).
29. For a critique of the flexibility drive, see Robert Boyer (Ed.), The Search for Labour Market Flexibility: The European Economies in Transition (Clarendon, 1988).
30. Bentolila & Dolado, 'Labour Flexibility and Wages'.
31. Ronald H. Coase, The Firm, the Market and the Law (University of Chicago Press, 1988).
32. Michele Salvati, 'The Crisis of Government in Italy', New Left Review, No. 213 (1995), pp. 76-95.
33. Martin Rhodes, 'Globalisation, labour markets and welfare states: a future of competitive corporatism', mimeo, Robert Schuman Centre, European University Institute, 1997.
34. For a seminal contribution, see Sebastiane Brusco, 'The Emilian Model: Productive Decentralisation and Social Integration', Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 6, No. 2 (1982), pp. 167-84; for a recent survey of regional policy in this context, see John Grahl, 'Macroeconomic Constraints and Regional Citizenship in the European Union', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 20, No. 3 (1996), pp. 480-97.
35. For a seminal contribution, see Sebastiane Brusco, 'The Emilian Model: Productive Decentralisation and Social Integration', Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 6, No. 2 (1982), pp. 167-84; for a recent survey of regional policy in this context, see John Grahl, 'Macroeconomic Constraints and Regional Citizenship in the European Union', International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 20, No. 3 (1996), pp. 480-97.
36. Regini, Uncertain Boundaries.
37. J. Due, J. S. Madsen, L. K. Petersen & C. S. Jensen, 'Adjusting the Danish model: towards coordinated decentralisation', in: Crouch & Traxler, Organised Industrial Relations in Europe.
38. P. Hespanha, C. Ferreira & S. Portugal, 'The welfare society and the welfare state in Portugal', mimeo, University of Coimbra, 1995.
39. David Soskice & Ronald Schettkat, 'West German labour market institutions and East German transformation', in: Ulman, Eichengreen & Dickens, Labour and an Integrated Europe, pp. 102-7.
40. For details of this agenda, see Henning Klodt, Jürgen Stehn et al., Standort Deutschland: strukturelle Herausforderungen im neuen Europa (J.C.B. Mohr, 1994).
41. For a detailed discussion, see Wendy Carlin & David Soskice, 'Shocks to the System: The German Political Economy under Stress', National Institute Economic Review, No. 159 (1997), pp. 57-76.
42. Michel Albert, Capitalism against Capitalism (Whurr, 1993).
43. Wolfgang Streeck, 'Pay restraint without incomes policy: institutionalised monetarism and industrial unionism in Germany, in: Ronald Dore, Robert Boyer & Zoe Mars (Eds), The Return to Incomes Policy (Pinter, 1994), pp. 118-40.
44. For a detailed survey of EU social policies, see European Commission, Green Paper: European Social Policy - Options for the Future (European Commission, 1993).
45. For full details of EU employment directives, see Michael Gold (Ed.), The Social Dimension: Employment Policy in the European Community (Macmillan, 1993).
46. Gerda Falkner, 'Testing the Maastricht Social Agreement: the case of the European Works Council Directive', mimeo, University of Essex (Department of Government)/University of Vienna (Institüt für Staats- und Politikwissenschaft), 1995.
47. See Erika Szyszczak, 'Future Directions in European Social Policy Law', Industrial Law Journal, Vol. 24, No. 1 (1995), pp. 19-32; Szyszczak, although attaching more significance to past directives than do the present writers, admits that in retrospect the attempt to 'concretise a social dimension' through legislation may appear as a transient episode.
48. European Commission, Growth, Competitiveness, Employment: The Challenges and Ways Forward into the 21st Century (European Commission, 1994).
49. Frederick van der Ploeg, 'Macroeconomic Policy Coordination Issues during the Various Phases of Economic and Monetary Union in Europe', European Economy, special edition No. 1 (1991), pp. 136-64.
50. Commissariat Général du Plan, La France de l'An 2000: Rapport au Premier Ministre (Odile Jacob/Documentation Française, 1994).
51. On the issue of mobility, see Barry Eichengreen, 'Should the Maastricht Treaty be Saved?', Princeton Studies in International Finance, No. 74 (1992).
52. John Grahl & Paul Teague, 'Economic Citizenship in the New Europe', Political Quarterly, Vol. 65, No. 4 (1994), pp. 379-96.
53. Commission on Social Justice, Social Justice: Strategies for National Renewal (Vintage, 1994); Ralph Dahrendorf et al., Report on Wealth Creation and Social Cohesion in a Free Society (Commission on Wealth Creation, 1995).
54. Commission on Social Justice, Social Justice: Strategies for National Renewal (Vintage, 1994); Ralph Dahrendorf et al., Report on Wealth Creation and Social Cohesion in a Free Society (Commission on Wealth Creation, 1995).