Influence of carbohydrate or protein supplementation on intake, behaviour and digestion in dairy cows strip-grazing low-nitrogen fertilized perennial ryegrass

Animal Research

Volumn 48, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 81-96

  Delagarde, Rémy ^a   Peyraud, Jean Louis ^a   Delaby, Luc ^a  

^a CEMAGREF   (France)

Author keywords

Dairy cow; Grazing; Grazing behaviour; Herbage intake; Nitrogen; Ruminal digestion; Supplementation

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002733696     PISSN: 16273583     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Arriaga-Jordan C.M., Holmes W., The effect of cereal concentrate supplementation on the digestibility of herbage-based diets for lactating dairy cows, J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 106 (1986) 581-592.
2. Arriaga-Jordan C.M., Holmes W., The effect of concentrate supplementation on high-yielding dairy cows under two systems of grazing, J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 107 (1986) 453-461.
3. Aufrère J., Demarquilly C., Predicting organic matter digestibility of forage by two pepsin-cellulase methods, in: 16th International Grassland Congress, Nice, 4-11 October 1989, AFPF, Paris, 1989, pp. 877-878.
4. Brun J.P., Prache S., Béchet G., A portable device for eating behaviour studies, in: Armstrong R., Doney J. (Eds.), 5th Meeting of European Grazing Workshop, Hill Farming Research Organisation, Midlothian, 1984.
5. Caton J.S., Freeman A.S., Galyean M.L., Influence of protein supplementation on forage intake, in situ forage disappearance, ruminal fermentation and digesta passage rates in steers grazing dormant blue grama rangeland, J. Anim. Sci. 66 (1988) 2262-2271.
6. Clark J.H., Klusmeyer T.H., Cameron M.R., Microbial protein synthesis and flows of nitrogen fractions to the duodenum of dairy cows, J. Dairy Sci. 75 (1992) 2304-2323.
7. Comerón E.A., Peyraud J.L., Predicción de la digestibilidad del pasto ingerido por vacas lecheras, Rev. Argent Prod. Anim. 13 (1993) 23-30.
8. Delaby L., Peyraud J.L., Vérité R., Marquis B., Effect of protein content in the concentrate and level of nitrogen fertilization on the performance of dairy cows in pasture, Ann. Zootech. 45 (1996) 327-341.
9. Delagarde R., Peyraud J.L., Influence of wheat supplementation on intake and digestibility in dairy cows fed autumn grass ad libitum indoors, Ann. Zootech. 44 (1995) 210.
10. Delagarde R., Peyraud J.L., Delaby L., The effect of nitrogen fertilization level and protein supplementation on herbage intake, feeding behaviour and digestion in grazing dairy cows, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 66 (1997) 165-180.
11. Demarquilly C., Chenost M., Giger S., Pertes fécales et digestibilité des aliments et des rations, in: Jarrige R., Ruckebusch Y., Demarquilly C., Farce M.H., Journet M. (Eds.), Nutrition des ruminants domestiques. Ingestion et digestion, Inra éditions, Versailles, 1995, pp. 601-647.
12. Dillon P., Stakelum G., Murphy J.J., The effect of level of herbage intake and concentrate type on rumen fermentation pattern, in situ herbage degradability and blood metabolite levels in lactating dairy cows, in: 16th International Grassland Congress, Nice, 4-11 October 1989, AFPF, Paris, 1989, pp. 1155-1156.
13. Faverdin P., Dulphy J.P., Coulon J.B., Vérité R., Garel J.P., Rouel J., Marquis B., Substitution of roughage by concentrates for dairy cows, Livest. Prod. Sci. 27 (1991) 137-156.
14. Fisher G.E.J., Dowdeswell A.M., Perrott G., The effects of sward characteristics and supplement type on the herbage intake and milk production of summer-calving cows, Grass Forage Sci. 51 (1996) 121-130.
15. Grainger C., Mathews G.L., Positive relation between substitution rate and pasture allowance for cows receiving concentrates, Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 29 (1989) 355-360.
16. Grant R.J., Mertens D.R., Influence of buffer pH and raw corn starch addition on in vitro fiber digestion kinetics, J. Dairy Sci. 75 (1992) 2762-2768.
17. Hamilton B.A., Ashes J.R., Carmichael A.W., Effect of formaldehyde-treated sunflower meal on the milk production of grazing dairy cows, Aust. J. Agric. Res. 43 (1992) 379-387.
18. Hannah S.M., Cochran R.C., Vanzant E.S., Harmon D.L., Influence of protein supplementation on site and extent of digestion, forage intake, and nutrient flow characteristics in steers consuming dormant bluestem-range forage, J. Anim. Sci. 69 (1991) 2624-2633.
19. Hoden A., Valeur alimentaire des fourrages pauvres pour les ruminants. Effet de la complémentation azotée, Bull. Tech. CRZV Theix Inra 12 (1973) 7-11.
20. Hoden A., Peyraud J.L., Muller A., Delaby L., Faverdin P., Simplified rotational grazing management of dairy cows: effects of rates of stocking and concentrate, J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 116 (1991) 417-128.
21. Huston J.E., Taylor C.A., Lupton C.J., Brooks T.D., Effects of supplementation on intake, growth rate, and fleece production by female angora kid goats grazing rangeland, J. Anim. Sci. 71 (1993) 3124-3130.
22. Inra, Jarrige R. (ed.), Ruminant Nutrition: Recommended Allowances and Feed Tables, Inra, John Libbey, Paris, 1989.
23. Jennings P.G., Holmes W., Supplementary feeding of dairy cows on continuously stocked pasture, J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 103 (1984) 161-170.
24. Jones-Endsley J.M., Cecava M.J., Johnson T.R., Effects of dietary supplementation on nutrient digestion and the milk yield of intensively grazed lactaling dairy cows, J. Dairy Sci. 80 (1997) 3283-3292.
25. Journet M., Faverdin P., Rémond B., Vérité R., Niveau et qualité des apports azotés en début de lactation, Bull. Tech. CRZV Theix Inra 51 (1983) 7-17.
26. Ketelaars J.J.M.H., Tolkamp B.J., Toward a new theory of feed intake regulation in ruminants. I. Causes of differences in voluntary feed intake: critique of current views, Livest. Prod. Sci. 30 (1992) 269-296.
27. Kibon A., Holmes W., The effect of height of pasture and concentrate composition on dairy cows grazed on continuously stocked pastures, J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 109 (1987) 293-301.
28. Krysl L.J., Branine M.E., Cheema A.U., Funk M.A., Galyean M.L., Influence of soybean meal and sorghum grain supplementation on intake, digesta kinetics, ruminal fermentation, site and extent of digestion and microbial protein synthesis in beef steers grazing blue grama rangeland, J. Anim. Sci. 67 (1989) 3040-3051.
29. Mambrini M., Peyraud J.L., Mean retention time in digestive tract and digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass by lactating dairy cows: influence of grass maturity and comparison with a maize silage diet, Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 34 (1994) 9-23.
30. Mathieson J., Davidson J., The automated estimation of chromic oxide, Proc. Nutr. Soc. 29 (1970) 30-31.
31. Meijs J.A.C., Concentrate supplementation of grazing dairy cows. 2. Effect of concentrate composition on herbage intake and milk production, Grass Forage Sci. 41 (1986) 229-235.
32. Meijs J.A.C., Hoekstra J.A., Concentrate supplementation of grazing dairy cows. 1. Effect of concentrate intake and herbage allowance on herbage intake, Grass Forage Sci. 39 (1984) 59-66.
33. Moore J.J., Sax S.M., A revised automated procedure for urea nitrogen, Clin. Chim. Acta 11 (1965) 475-476.
34. Opatpatanakit Y., Kellaway R.C., Lean I.J., Substitution effects of feeding rolled barley grain to grazing dairy cows, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 42 (1993) 25-38.
35. Penning P.D., Orr R.J., Trencher T.T., Responses of lactating ewes, offered fresh herbage indoors and when grazing, to supplements containing different protein concentrations, Anim. Prod. 46 (1988) 403-415.
36. Peyraud J.L., Astigarraga L., Review of the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the chemical composition, intake, digestion and nutritive value of fresh herbage: consequences on animal nutrition and nitrogen balance, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 72 (1998) 235-259.
37. Peyraud J.L., Astigarraga L., Faverdin P., Delaby L., Le Bars M., Effect of level of nitrogen fertilization and protein supplementation on herbage utilization by grazing dairy cows. I. Herbage intake and feeding behaviour, Ann. Zootech. 43 (1994) 291.
38. Peyraud J.L., Comerón E.A., Wade M.H., Lemaire G., The effect of daily herbage allowance, herbage mass and animal factors upon herbage intake by grazing dairy cows, Ann. Zootech. 45 (1996) 201-217.
39. Peyraud J.L., Astigarraga L., Faverdin P., Digestion of fresh perennial ryegrass fertilized at two levels of nitrogen by lactating dairy cows, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 64 (1997) 155-171.
40. Peyraud J.L., Le Liboux S., Vérité R., Effet du niveau et de la nature de l'azote dégradable sur la digestion ruminale d'un régime à base d'ensilage de maïs chez la vache laitière, Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 37 (1997) 313-328.
41. Phillips W.A., Horn G.W., Smith M.E., Effect of protein suppplementation on forage intake and nitrogen balance of lambs fed freshly harvested wheat forage, J. Anim. Sci. 73 (1995) 2687-2693.
42. Poncet C., Rayssiguier Y., Effect of lactose supplement on digestion of lucerne hay by sheep. 1. Sites of organic matter and nitrogen digestion, J. Anim. Sci. 51 (1980) 180-185.
43. SAS Institute, Inc., SAS/STAT Guide for Personal Computer, Version 6, Cary, NC, USA, 1987.
44. Schwarz F.J., Haffner J., Kirchgessner M., Supplementation of zero-grazed dairy cows with molassed sugar beet pulp, maize or a cereal-rich concentrate, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 54 (1995) 237-248.
45. Seoane J.R., Selected topics on intake and utilization of forages by cattle, in: Ivan M. (Ed.), Animal Science Research and Development: Moving Toward a New Century, Centre for Food and Animal Research, Agriculture and AgriFood Canada, Ottawa, Canada, 1995.
46. Soder K.J., Thomas V.M., Kott R.W., Hatfield P.G., Olson B., Influence of energy or protein supplementation during midpregnancy on forage intake of ewes grazing Montana winter range, J. Anim. Sci. 73 (1995) 2853-2859.
47. Spörndly E., Supplementation of dairy cows offered freshly cut herbage ad libitum with starchy concentrates based on barley or fibrous concentrates based on unmolassed sugar beet pulp and wheat bran, Swed. J. Agric. Res. 21 (1991) 131-139.
48. Stakelum G., Herbage intake of grazing dairy cows. II. Effect of herbage allowance, herbage mass and concentrate feeding on the intake of cows grazing primary spring grass, Irish J. Agric. Res. 25 (1986) 41-51.
49. Stakelum G., Dillon P., Murphy J., The effect of concentrate type on the rumen fermentation pattern of grass fed cows and dry matter and crude protein degradabilily of the herbage, in: Proceedings 12th General Meeting European Grassland Federation, Dublin, 1988, pp. 414-418.
50. Stokes S.R., Goetsch A.L., Jones A.L., Landis K.M., Feed intake and digestion by beef cows fed prairie hay with different levels of soybean meal and receiving post-ruminal administration of antibiotics, J. Anim. Sci. 66 (1988) 1778-1789.
51. Trinder P., Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxygen acceptor, Ann. Clin. Biochem. 6 (1969) 24-27.
52. Vadiveloo J., Holmes W., Supplementary feeding of grazing beef cattle, Grass Forage Sci. 34 (1979) 173-179.
53. Valk H., Klein Poelhuis H.W., Wentink H.J., Effect of fibrous and starchy carbohydrates in concentrates as supplements in a herbage-based diet for high-yielding dairy cows, Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 38 (1990) 475-486.
54. Van Vuuren A.M., Van Der Koelen C.J., Vroons-De Bruin J., Ryegrass vs. corn starch or beet pulp fiber diet effects on digestion and intestinal amino acids in dairy cows, J. Dairy Sci. 76 (1993) 2692-2700.
55. Vérité R., Rétif S., Faverdin P., L'urée du lait comme index de la qualité de la nutrition azotée et de l'excrétion d'azote chez la vache laitière en alimentation hivernale, Renc. Rech. Ruminants 2 (1995) 365.
56. Whitehead D.C., Grassland Nitrogen, CAB International, Wallingford, 1995, 397 p.