메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 19, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 39-58

Cognitive diversity among upper-echelon executives: Implications for strategic decision processes

Author keywords

Executive diversity; Strategic decision making; Strategic planning

Indexed keywords


EID: 0002727589     PISSN: 01432095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199801)19:1<39::AID-SMJ932>3.0.CO;2-A     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (499)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 84950356255 scopus 로고
    • Similarity versus liking as determinants of interpersonal attractiveness
    • Aronson, E. and S. Worchel (1966). 'Similarity versus liking as determinants of interpersonal attractiveness', Psychonomic Science, 5, pp. 157-158.
    • (1966) Psychonomic Science , vol.5 , pp. 157-158
    • Aronson, E.1    Worchel, S.2
  • 2
    • 84989029823 scopus 로고
    • Top management and innovations in banking: Does the composition of the top team make a difference?
    • Bantel, K. A. and S. E. Jackson (1989). 'Top management and innovations in banking: Does the composition of the top team make a difference?', Strategic Management Journal, Summer Special Issue, 10, pp. 107-124.
    • (1989) Strategic Management Journal, Summer Special Issue , vol.10 , pp. 107-124
    • Bantel, K.A.1    Jackson, S.E.2
  • 4
    • 0000634867 scopus 로고
    • Strategic decision processes in high velocity environments: Four cases in the minicomputer industry
    • Bourgeois, L. J. and K. Eisenhardt (1988). 'Strategic decision processes in high velocity environments: Four cases in the minicomputer industry', Management Science, 34, pp. 816-835.
    • (1988) Management Science , vol.34 , pp. 816-835
    • Bourgeois, L.J.1    Eisenhardt, K.2
  • 5
    • 84980279712 scopus 로고
    • Strategic planning and financial performance: A meta-analytic review
    • Boyd, B. (1991). 'Strategic planning and financial performance: A meta-analytic review', Journal of Management Studies, 28, pp. 353-374.
    • (1991) Journal of Management Studies , vol.28 , pp. 353-374
    • Boyd, B.1
  • 8
    • 0001396779 scopus 로고
    • Inferred evaluation and the relation between attitude similarity and interpersonal attraction
    • Condon, J. W. and W. D. Crano (1988). 'Inferred evaluation and the relation between attitude similarity and interpersonal attraction', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5, pp. 789-797.
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.5 , pp. 789-797
    • Condon, J.W.1    Crano, W.D.2
  • 9
    • 0001229241 scopus 로고
    • Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design
    • Daft, R. L. and R. H. Lengel (1986). 'Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design', Management Science, 32, pp. 554-571.
    • (1986) Management Science , vol.32 , pp. 554-571
    • Daft, R.L.1    Lengel, R.H.2
  • 10
    • 85050784209 scopus 로고
    • Selective perception: A note on departmental identification of executives
    • Dearborn, D. C. and H. A. Simon (1958). 'Selective perception: A note on departmental identification of executives', Sociometry, 21, pp. 140-144.
    • (1958) Sociometry , vol.21 , pp. 140-144
    • Dearborn, D.C.1    Simon, H.A.2
  • 11
    • 84989045970 scopus 로고
    • Consensus on strategy formulation and organizational performance: Competitors in a fragmented industry
    • Dess, G. G. (1987). 'Consensus on strategy formulation and organizational performance: Competitors in a fragmented industry', Strategic Management Journal, 8 (3), pp. 259-277.
    • (1987) Strategic Management Journal , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-277
    • Dess, G.G.1
  • 12
    • 84936628478 scopus 로고
    • Dimensions of organizational task environments
    • Dess, G. G. and D. W. Beard (1984). 'Dimensions of organizational task environments', Administrative Science Quarterly, 29, pp. 52-73.
    • (1984) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.29 , pp. 52-73
    • Dess, G.G.1    Beard, D.W.2
  • 14
    • 0000341186 scopus 로고
    • The comprehensiveness of strategic decision processes: Extension, observations, and future directions
    • Fredrickson, J. W. (1984). 'The comprehensiveness of strategic decision processes: Extension, observations, and future directions', Academy of Management Journal, 27, pp. 445-466.
    • (1984) Academy of Management Journal , vol.27 , pp. 445-466
    • Fredrickson, J.W.1
  • 15
    • 0001197250 scopus 로고
    • Inertia and creeping rationality in strategic decisions
    • Fredrickson, J. W. and A. L. Iaquinto (1989). 'Inertia and creeping rationality in strategic decisions', Academy of Management Journal, 32, pp. 516-542.
    • (1989) Academy of Management Journal , vol.32 , pp. 516-542
    • Fredrickson, J.W.1    Iaquinto, A.L.2
  • 16
    • 0000866269 scopus 로고
    • Strategic decision processes: Comprehensiveness and performance in an industry with an unstable environment
    • Fredrickson, J. W. and T. R. Mitchell (1984). 'Strategic decision processes: Comprehensiveness and performance in an industry with an unstable environment', Academy of Management Journal, 27, pp. 399-423.
    • (1984) Academy of Management Journal , vol.27 , pp. 399-423
    • Fredrickson, J.W.1    Mitchell, T.R.2
  • 17
    • 0013068414 scopus 로고
    • Normative structure variables and organizational behavior
    • Georgopoulos, B. S. (1965). 'Normative structure variables and organizational behavior', Human Relations, 18, pp. 155-169.
    • (1965) Human Relations , vol.18 , pp. 155-169
    • Georgopoulos, B.S.1
  • 18
    • 0001192569 scopus 로고
    • Conceptualizing and measuring organizational and psychological climate: Pitfalls in multi-level research
    • Glick, W. H. (1985). 'Conceptualizing and measuring organizational and psychological climate: Pitfalls in multi-level research', Academy of Management Review, 10, pp. 601-616.
    • (1985) Academy of Management Review , vol.10 , pp. 601-616
    • Glick, W.H.1
  • 19
    • 84929228525 scopus 로고
    • Studying changes in organizational design and effectiveness: Retrospective event histories and periodic assessments
    • Glick, W. H., G. P. Huber, C. C. Miller, D. H. Doty and K. M. Sutcliffe (1990). 'Studying changes in organizational design and effectiveness: Retrospective event histories and periodic assessments', Organization Science, 1, pp. 293-312.
    • (1990) Organization Science , vol.1 , pp. 293-312
    • Glick, W.H.1    Huber, G.P.2    Miller, C.C.3    Doty, D.H.4    Sutcliffe, K.M.5
  • 20
    • 0002009312 scopus 로고
    • The impact of upper-echelon diversity on organizational performance
    • G. P. Huber and W. H. Glick (eds.), Oxford University Press, New York
    • Glick, W. H., C. C. Miller and G. P. Huber (1993). 'The impact of upper-echelon diversity on organizational performance'. In G. P. Huber and W. H. Glick (eds.), Organizational Change and Redesign: Ideas and Insights for Improving Performance. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 176-214.
    • (1993) Organizational Change and Redesign: Ideas and Insights for Improving Performance , pp. 176-214
    • Glick, W.H.1    Miller, C.C.2    Huber, G.P.3
  • 21
    • 33751241214 scopus 로고
    • Assessing dimensions of task environments: Intraindustry and aggregate industry measures
    • San Francisco, CA
    • Glick, W. H., d. ogilvie and C. C. Miller (1990). 'Assessing dimensions of task environments: Intraindustry and aggregate industry measures', paper presented at the 1990 Academy of Management Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA.
    • (1990) 1990 Academy of Management Annual Meeting
    • Glick, W.H.1    Ogilvie, D.2    Miller, C.C.3
  • 22
    • 84989031259 scopus 로고
    • Towards a contingency theory of corporate planning: Findings in 48 U.K. companies
    • Grinyer, P. H., S. Al-Bazzaz and M. Yasai-Ardekani (1986). 'Towards a contingency theory of corporate planning: Findings in 48 U.K. companies', Strategic Management Journal, 7(1), pp. 3-28.
    • (1986) Strategic Management Journal , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-28
    • Grinyer, P.H.1    Al-Bazzaz, S.2    Yasai-Ardekani, M.3
  • 23
    • 21344486649 scopus 로고
    • Top management groups: A conceptual integration and reconsideration of the "team" label
    • B. M. Staw and L. L. Cummings (eds.), JAI Press, Greenwich, CT
    • Hambrick, D. C. (1994). 'Top management groups: A conceptual integration and reconsideration of the "team" label'. In B. M. Staw and L. L. Cummings (eds.), Research in Organizational Behavior. JAI Press, Greenwich, CT, pp. 171-213.
    • (1994) Research in Organizational Behavior , pp. 171-213
    • Hambrick, D.C.1
  • 24
    • 0000194533 scopus 로고
    • Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers
    • Hambrick, D. C. and P. A. Mason (1984). 'Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers', Academy of Management Review, 9, pp. 193-206.
    • (1984) Academy of Management Review , vol.9 , pp. 193-206
    • Hambrick, D.C.1    Mason, P.A.2
  • 27
    • 0000131208 scopus 로고
    • Some differences make a difference: Individual dissimilarity and group heterogeneity as correlates of recruitment, promotions, and turnover
    • Jackson, S. E., J. F. Brett, V. I. Sessa, D. M. Cooper, J. A. Julin and K. Peyronnin (1991). Some differences make a difference: Individual dissimilarity and group heterogeneity as correlates of recruitment, promotions, and turnover', Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, pp. 675-689.
    • (1991) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.76 , pp. 675-689
    • Jackson, S.E.1    Brett, J.F.2    Sessa, V.I.3    Cooper, D.M.4    Julin, J.A.5    Peyronnin, K.6
  • 29
    • 84970107451 scopus 로고
    • The relationship among firm characteristics and design of strategic planning systems in large organizations
    • Kukalis, S. (1989). 'The relationship among firm characteristics and design of strategic planning systems in large organizations', Journal of Management, 15, pp. 565-579.
    • (1989) Journal of Management , vol.15 , pp. 565-579
    • Kukalis, S.1
  • 30
    • 84989012142 scopus 로고
    • The role of managerial learning and interpretation in strategic persistence and reorientation: An empirical exploration
    • Lant, T. K., F. J. Milliken and B. Batra (1992). 'The role of managerial learning and interpretation in strategic persistence and reorientation: An empirical exploration', Strategic Management Journal, 13 (8), pp. 585-608.
    • (1992) Strategic Management Journal , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 585-608
    • Lant, T.K.1    Milliken, F.J.2    Batra, B.3
  • 31
    • 0003853336 scopus 로고
    • Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, Boston, MA
    • Lawrence, P. R. and J. W. Lorsch (1967). Organization and Environment. Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University, Boston, MA.
    • (1967) Organization and Environment
    • Lawrence, P.R.1    Lorsch, J.W.2
  • 32
    • 0001152625 scopus 로고
    • Impact of the organization environment on the long-range planning process: A contingency view
    • Lindsay, W. M. and L. W. Rue (1980). 'Impact of the organization environment on the long-range planning process: A contingency view', Academy of Management Journal, 23, pp. 385-404.
    • (1980) Academy of Management Journal , vol.23 , pp. 385-404
    • Lindsay, W.M.1    Rue, L.W.2
  • 33
    • 0014114056 scopus 로고
    • Assets and liabilities in group problem solving: The need for an integrative function
    • Maier, N. R. R. (1967). 'Assets and liabilities in group problem solving: The need for an integrative function', Psychological Review, 74, pp. 239-249.
    • (1967) Psychological Review , vol.74 , pp. 239-249
    • Maier, N.R.R.1
  • 34
    • 21844518420 scopus 로고
    • Reasoning in the executive suite: The influence of role/experience-based expertise on decision processes of corporate executives
    • Melone, N. P. (1994). 'Reasoning in the executive suite: The influence of role/experience-based expertise on decision processes of corporate executives', Organization Science, 5, pp. 438-455.
    • (1994) Organization Science , vol.5 , pp. 438-455
    • Melone, N.P.1
  • 35
    • 0001917402 scopus 로고
    • Diversification posture and top management team characteristics
    • Michel, J. C. and D. C. Hambrick (1992). 'Diversification posture and top management team characteristics', Academy of Management Journal, 35, pp. 9-37.
    • (1992) Academy of Management Journal , vol.35 , pp. 9-37
    • Michel, J.C.1    Hambrick, D.C.2
  • 37
    • 0006611585 scopus 로고
    • Understanding the linkage between strategic planning and firm performance: A synthesis of more than two decades of research
    • Miller, C. C. and L. B. Cardinal (1994). 'Understanding the linkage between strategic planning and firm performance: A synthesis of more than two decades of research', Academy of Management Journal, 37, pp. 1649-1665.
    • (1994) Academy of Management Journal , vol.37 , pp. 1649-1665
    • Miller, C.C.1    Cardinal, L.B.2
  • 38
    • 85050705176 scopus 로고
    • The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms
    • Miller, D. (1983). 'The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms', Management Science, 29, pp. 770-791.
    • (1983) Management Science , vol.29 , pp. 770-791
    • Miller, D.1
  • 39
    • 0000137997 scopus 로고
    • Relating Porter's business strategies to environment and structure: Analysis and performance implications
    • Miller, D. (1988). 'Relating Porter's business strategies to environment and structure: Analysis and performance implications', Academy of Management Journal, 31, pp. 280-308.
    • (1988) Academy of Management Journal , vol.31 , pp. 280-308
    • Miller, D.1
  • 40
    • 84934409601 scopus 로고
    • Stale in the saddle: CEO tenure and the match between organization and environment
    • Miller, D. (1991). 'Stale in the saddle: CEO tenure and the match between organization and environment', Management Science, 37, pp. 34-52.
    • (1991) Management Science , vol.37 , pp. 34-52
    • Miller, D.1
  • 41
    • 84935412524 scopus 로고
    • Psychological and traditional determinants of structure
    • Miller, D. and C. Droge (1986). 'Psychological and traditional determinants of structure', Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, pp. 539-560.
    • (1986) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.31 , pp. 539-560
    • Miller, D.1    Droge, C.2
  • 42
    • 0001236632 scopus 로고
    • Strategic process and content as mediators between organizational context and structure
    • Miller, D., C. Droge and J. Toulouse (1988). 'Strategic process and content as mediators between organizational context and structure', Academy of Management Journal, 31, pp. 544-569.
    • (1988) Academy of Management Journal , vol.31 , pp. 544-569
    • Miller, D.1    Droge, C.2    Toulouse, J.3
  • 43
    • 0000131628 scopus 로고
    • Chief executive personality and corporate strategy and structure in small firms
    • Miller, D. and J. Toulouse (1986). 'Chief executive personality and corporate strategy and structure in small firms', Management Science, 32, pp. 1389-1409.
    • (1986) Management Science , vol.32 , pp. 1389-1409
    • Miller, D.1    Toulouse, J.2
  • 44
    • 84968137665 scopus 로고
    • Strategy-making in three modes
    • Mintzberg, H. (1973). 'Strategy-making in three modes', California Management Review, 16, pp. 44-53.
    • (1973) California Management Review , vol.16 , pp. 44-53
    • Mintzberg, H.1
  • 47
    • 84989047867 scopus 로고
    • Environment, planning processes, and organizational performance of churches
    • Odom, R. Y. and W. R. Boxx (1988). 'Environment, planning processes, and organizational performance of churches', Strategic Management Journal, 9(2), pp. 197-205.
    • (1988) Strategic Management Journal , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 197-205
    • Odom, R.Y.1    Boxx, W.R.2
  • 51
    • 84989064928 scopus 로고
    • The impact of grand strategy and planning formality on financial performance
    • Pearce, J. A., D. K. Robbins and R. B. Robinson (1987). 'The impact of grand strategy and planning formality on financial performance', Strategic Management Journal, 8 (2), pp. 125-134.
    • (1987) Strategic Management Journal , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-134
    • Pearce, J.A.1    Robbins, D.K.2    Robinson, R.B.3
  • 53
    • 34249096931 scopus 로고
    • Rationality in strategic decision processes, environmental dynamism and firm performance
    • Priem, R. L., A. M. A. Rasheed and A. G. Kotulic (1995). 'Rationality in strategic decision processes, environmental dynamism and firm performance', Journal of Management, 21, pp. 913-929.
    • (1995) Journal of Management , vol.21 , pp. 913-929
    • Priem, R.L.1    Rasheed, A.M.A.2    Kotulic, A.G.3
  • 54
    • 0020719013 scopus 로고
    • A spatial model of effectiveness criteria: Towards a competing values approach to organizational analysis
    • Quinn, R. E. and J. Rohrbaugh (1983). 'A spatial model of effectiveness criteria: Towards a competing values approach to organizational analysis', Management Science, 29, pp. 363-377.
    • (1983) Management Science , vol.29 , pp. 363-377
    • Quinn, R.E.1    Rohrbaugh, J.2
  • 55
    • 84989132926 scopus 로고
    • The impact of formalized strategic planning on financial performance in small organizations
    • Robinson, R. B. and J. A. Pearce (1983). 'The impact of formalized strategic planning on financial performance in small organizations', Strategic Management Journal, 4 (3), pp. 197-207.
    • (1983) Strategic Management Journal , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-207
    • Robinson, R.B.1    Pearce, J.A.2
  • 56
    • 84989133031 scopus 로고
    • Planned patterns of strategic behavior and their relationship to business-unit performance
    • Robinson, R. B. and J. A. Pearce (1988). 'Planned patterns of strategic behavior and their relationship to business-unit performance', Strategic Management Journal, 9 (1), pp. 43-60.
    • (1988) Strategic Management Journal , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-60
    • Robinson, R.B.1    Pearce, J.A.2
  • 57
    • 84925886474 scopus 로고
    • On using informants: A technique for collecting quantitative data and controlling measurement error in organization analysis
    • Seidler, J. (1974). 'On using informants: A technique for collecting quantitative data and controlling measurement error in organization analysis', American Sociological Review, 39, pp. 816-831.
    • (1974) American Sociological Review , vol.39 , pp. 816-831
    • Seidler, J.1
  • 58
    • 48249153186 scopus 로고
    • Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability
    • Shrout, P. E. and J. L. Fleiss (1979). 'Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability', Psychological Bulletin, 86, pp. 420-428.
    • (1979) Psychological Bulletin , vol.86 , pp. 420-428
    • Shrout, P.E.1    Fleiss, J.L.2
  • 59
    • 21144460927 scopus 로고
    • Speech patterns and the concept of utility in cognitive maps: The case of integrative bargaining
    • Simons, T. (1993). 'Speech patterns and the concept of utility in cognitive maps: The case of integrative bargaining', Academy of Management Journal, 36, pp. 139-156.
    • (1993) Academy of Management Journal , vol.36 , pp. 139-156
    • Simons, T.1
  • 61
    • 0001182481 scopus 로고
    • Beliefs in organizations
    • P. C. Nystrom and W. H. Starbuck (eds.), Oxford University Press, London
    • Sproull, L. S. (1981). 'Beliefs in organizations'. In P. C. Nystrom and W. H. Starbuck (eds.), Handbook of Organizational Design, Vol. 2, Oxford University Press, London, pp. 203-224.
    • (1981) Handbook of Organizational Design , vol.2 , pp. 203-224
    • Sproull, L.S.1
  • 65
    • 0001800097 scopus 로고
    • Top management team demography and corporate strategic change
    • Wiersema, M. F. and K. A. Bantel (1992). 'Top management team demography and corporate strategic change', Academy of Management Journal, 35, pp. 91-121.
    • (1992) Academy of Management Journal , vol.35 , pp. 91-121
    • Wiersema, M.F.1    Bantel, K.A.2
  • 66
    • 84989072160 scopus 로고
    • Top management team turnover as an adaptation mechanism: The role of the environment
    • Wiersema, M. F. and K. A. Bantel (1993). 'Top management team turnover as an adaptation mechanism: The role of the environment', Strategic Management Journal, 14 (7), pp. 485-504.
    • (1993) Strategic Management Journal , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 485-504
    • Wiersema, M.F.1    Bantel, K.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.