The use of seclusions and physical restraints: Just how consistent are we?

Child and Youth Care Forum

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 87-103

  Persi, Joseph ^a,b   Pasquali, Bernadette ^a  

^a Network North   (Canada)

^b RCPC   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002721384     PISSN: 10531890     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1021989121863     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Achenbach, T. M. (1991a). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist 14-18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry.
2. Achenbach, T. M. (1991b). Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and 1991 Profile. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry.
3. Antoinette, T., Iyengar, S., & Puig-Antich, J. (1990). Is locked seclusion necessary for children under the age of fourteen? American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1283-1289.
4. Bath, H. (1994a). Temper tantrums in group care. Child and Youth Care Forum, 23, 5-27.
5. Bath, H. (1994b). The physical restraint of children: Is it therapeutic? American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 64, 40-49.
6. Bates, B. C., English, D. J., & Kouidou-Giles, S. (1997). Residential treatment and its alternatives: A review of the literature. Child and Youth Care Forum, 26, 7-51.
7. Bickman, L. (1996). A continuum of care: More is not always better. American Psychologist, 51, 689-701.
8. Braham, R. L., Tsuchiya, T., Kurosu, K., & Fukuta, O. (1994). Physical restraint, child abuse, informed consent: Sociological concerns for the nineties. Journal of Dentistry for Children, 61, 169-174.
9. Costenbader, V., & Reading-Brown, M. (1995). Isolation time-out used with students with emotional disturbance. Exceptional Children, 61, 353-363.
10. Cotton, N. S. (1995). Seclusion as therapeutic management: An invited commentary. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65, 245-248.
11. Daly, D. L., & Dowd, T. P. (1992). Characteristics of effective, harm-free environments for children in out-of-home care. Child Welfare, 71, 487-496.
12. Dore, M. M., Wilkinson, A. N., & Sonis, W. A. (1992). Exploring the relationship between the continuum of care and intrusiveness of children's mental health services. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 43, 44-48.
13. Earle, K. E., & Forquer, S. L. (1995). Use of seclusion with children and adolescents in public psychiatric hospitals. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 65, 238-244.
14. Endres, J., & Goke, D. (1973). Timeout rooms in residential treatment centers. Child Welfare, 52, 359-366.
15. Fassler, D., & Cotton, N. C. (1992). A national survey on the use of seclusion in the psychiatric treatment of children. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 43, 370-374.
16. Friman, P. C., Evans, J. E., Larzelere, R., Williams, G., & Daly, D. L. (1993). Correspondence between child dysfunction and program intrusion: Evidence of a continuum of care across five child mental health programs. Journal of Community Psychology, 21, 227-233.
17. Garrison, W. T. (1984). Aggressive behavior, seclusion, and physical restraint in an inpatient child population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 23, 448-452.
18. Garrison, W. T., Ecker, B., Friedman, M., Davidoff, R., Haeberle, K., & Wagner, M. (1990). Aggression and counteraggression during child psychiatric hospitalization. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 242-250.
19. Goocher, B. E. (1994). Response-Temper tantrums: Assigned reading. Child and Youth Care Forum, 23, 33-36.
20. Goren, S., Singh, N. N., & Best, A. M. (1993). The aggression-coercion cycle: Use of seclusion and restraint in a child psychiatric hospital. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 2, 61-73.
21. Grassian, S., & Friedman, N. (1986). Effects of sensory deprivation in psychiatric seclusion and solitary confinement. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 8, 49-65.
22. Harris, J. (1996). Physical restraint procedures for managing challenging behaviors presented by mentally retarded adults and children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 17, 99-134.
23. Hickerson, J., & Garrison, M. (1991). Quiet room utilization patterns. Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 9, 39-49.
24. Hundert, J., Cassie, J. R., & Johnston, N. (1988). Characteristics of emotionally disturbed children referred to day treatment, special classes, outpatient, and assessment services. Journal of Psychology, 17, 121-130.
25. Hunter, D. S. (1989). The use of physical restraint in managing out-of-control behavior in youth: A frontline perspective. Child and Youth Care Quarterly, 18, 141-155.
26. Irwin, I. (1987). Are seclusion rooms needed on child psychiatric units? American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 125-126.
27. Joshi, P. T., Capozzoli, J. A., & Coyle, J. T. (1988). Use of a quiet room on an inpatient unit. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 642-644.
28. Kalogjera, I. J., Bedi, A., Watson, W. N., & Meyer, A. D. (1989). Impact of therapeutic management on use of seclusion and restraint with disruptive adolescent inpatients. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 40, 280-285.
29. Magnuson, D. (1994). Response-Responding with restraint. Child and Youth Care Forum, 23, 33-36.
30. Masters, K., & Devany, J. (1992). Are physical restraints necessary? [Letter to the editor] Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31, 372.
31. Mattingly, M. A. (1995). Developing professional ethics for child and youth care work: Assuming responsibility for the quality of care. Child and Youth Care Forum, 24, 379-391.
32. Miller, D. E. (1986). The management of misbehavior by seclusion. Residential Treatment for Child and Youth, 4, 63-73.
33. Miller, M. D., & Walker, M. C., & Friedman, D. (1989). Use of a holding technique to control the violent behaviour of seriously disturbed adolescents. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 40, 520-524.
34. Millstein, K. H., & Cotton, N. S. (1990). Predictors of the use of seclusion on an inpatient child psychiatric unit. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 29, 256-264.
35. Morgan-D'Atrio, C., Northup, J., LaFleur, L., & Spera, S. (1996). Toward prescriptive alternatives to suspensions: A preliminary evaluation. Behavioral Disorders, 21, 190-200.
36. Okin, R. L. (1985). Variations among state hospitals in the use of seclusion and restraint. Hospital and Community Psychiatry, 36, 648-657.
37. Selekman, J., & Snyder, B. (1995). Nursing perceptions of using physical restraints on hospitalized children. Pediatric Nursing, 21, 460-464.
38. Smith, P. A. (1991). Time-out and seclusion: Understanding the civil rights and treatment issues. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 9, 51-60.
39. Smith, S. B. (1995). Restraints: Retraumatization for rape victims? Journal for Psychosocial Nursing, 33, 23-28.
40. Steele, R. L. (1993). Staff attitudes toward seclusion and restraint: Anything new? Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 29, 23-28.
41. Swett, C., Michaels, A. S., & Cole, J. O. (1989). Effects of a state law on rates of restraint on a child and adolescent unit. Bulletine of the Academy of Psychiatric Law, 17, 165-169.
42. Tsemberis, S., & Sullivan, C. (1988). Seclusion in context: Introducing a seclusion room into a children's unit of a municipal hospital. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58, 462-465.