The late Eocene anthracotheriidae (mammalia, artiodactyla) from Thailand

Palaeontographica, Abteilung A: Palaozoologie - Stratigraphie

Volumn 252, Issue 4-6, 1999, Pages 93-140

  Ducrocq, Stéphane ^a  

^a INSTITUT DES SCIENCES DE L EVOLUTION   (France)

Author keywords

Anthracotheriidae; Krabi Basin; Late Eocene; Mammals; Southeast Asia; Thailand

Indexed keywords

EOCENE; FOSSIL; MAMMAL; PALEONTOLOGY; PHYLOGENETICS; SKULL;

KRABI; KRABI BASIN; SOUTHERN REGION; THAILAND;

EID: 0002696421     PISSN: 03750442     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. AYMARD, A. (1846): Essai monographique sur un nouveau genre de mammifère fossile trouvé dans la Haute Loire et nommé Entelodon. -Ann. Soc. Agric., Le Puy, 12: 227-267.
2. BLACK, C. C. (1978): Anthracotheriidae. - In: MAGLIO, V. J. & COOKE, H. B. S. (Eds.): Evolution of African mammals: 423-434, Harvard University Press, London.
3. BRISTOW, C. S. (1991): Sedimentology of the Tertiary Krabi basin, Thailand. - Seventh Regional Conference on Geology, Mineral and Energy Resources of Southeast Asia (GEOSEA VII), Bangkok, 5-8 November 1991, 22-23 (abstract).
4. CABARD, P. (1976): Monographie du genre Microbunodon DEPÉRET, 1908 (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Anthracotheriidae) de l'Oligocène supérieur d'Europe de l'Ouest. - Thèse, Poitiers (unpublished): 150 p.
5. CHOW, M. (1958): Some Oligocene mammals from Lunan, Yunnan. - Vert. PalAsiatica, Beijing, 2, 4: 263-267.
6. COLBERT, E. H. (1935): Distributional and phylogenetics studies on Indian fossil mammals. Part IV: Suidae and Hippopotamidae. - Am. Mus. Nov., 799: 1-11.
7. -,- (1938): Fossil mammals from Burma in the American Museum of Natural History. - Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., 74, 6: 255-436.
8. COOMBS, W. P. Jr. & COOMBS, M. C. (1977a): The origin of anthracotheres. - N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh., 1977: 584-599.
9. COOMBS, M. C. & COOMBS, W. P. Jr. (1977b): Dentition of Gobiohyus and a reevaluation of the Helohyidae (Artiodactyla). - J. Mammal., 58, 3: 291-308.
10. CHUVIER, G. (1822): Recherches sur les ossements fossiles... - Nouvelle édition, t. III: 398-403, E. d'Ocagne, Paris.
11. DAL PIAZ, G. (1932): I mammiferi dell'Oligocene Veneto. Anthracotherium monsvialense. - Memorie dell'Istituto Geologico della R. Università di Padova, Padova, 10: 1-66.
12. DEHM, R. & OETTINGEN-SPIELBERG, T. (1958): Paläontologische und geologische Untersuchungen im Tertiär von Pakistan. Die mitteleocänen Säugetiere von Ganda Kas bei basal in Nordwest-Pakistan. - Abh. Bayer. Acad. Wiss. (Math.-Naturwiss. Kl.), München, 91: 1-54.
13. DE ZIGNO, A. (1888): Anthracoterio di Monteviale. - Mem. Istit. Veneto, 23: 1-35.
14. DINEUR, H. (1981): Le genre Brachyodus, Anthracotheriidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) du Miocène inférieur d'Europe et d'Afrique. - Thèse, Paris (unpublished): 180 p.
15. DUCROCQ, S. (1992): Etude biochronologique des bassins continentaux tertiaires du Sud-Est asiatique: contribution des faunes de mammifères. - Thèse, Montpellier (unpublished): 245 p.
16. -,- (1994): Les anthracothères paléogènes de Thaïlande: paléogéographie et phylogénie. - C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 318: 549-554.
17. -,- (1996): The Eocene terrestrial mammal from Timor, Indonesia. - Geol. Mag., 133, 6: 763-766.
18. -,- (1997): The anthracotheriid genus Bothriogenys (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) in Africa and Asia during the Paleogene: phylogenetical and paleobiogeographical relationships. - Stuttg. Beitr. Naturkunde, 250: 1-44.
19. DUCROCQ, S., JAEGER, J.-J. & SIGÉ, B. (1993): Un mégachiroptère dans l'Eocène supérieur de Thaïlande. Incidence dans la discussion phylogénique du groupe. - N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh. 1993: 561-575.
20. DUCROCQ, S., BUFFETAUT, E., BUEFETAUT-TONG, H., JAEGER, J.-J., JONGKANJANASOONTORN, Y. & SUTEETHORN, V. (1992a): First fossil flying lemur: a dermopteran from the late Eocene of Thailand. - Palaeontology, 35, 2: 373-380.
21. DUCROCQ, S., BUFFETAUT, E., BUFFETAUT-TONG, H., HELMCKE-INGAVAT, R., JAEGER, J.-J., JONGKANJANASOONTORN, Y. & SUTEETHORN, V. (1992b): A lower Tertiary vertebrate fauna from Krabi (South Thailand). - N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh., 184, 1: 101-122.
22. DUCROCQ, S., CHAIMANEE, Y., SUTEETHORN, V. & JAEGER, J.-J. (1995a): New primate from the Paleogene of Thailand and the biogeographical origin of anthropoids. - J. Hum. Evol., 28, 5: 477-485.
23. DUCROCQ, S., CHAIMANEE, Y., SUTEETHORN, V. & JAEGER, J.-J. (1995b): Mammalian faunas and the ages of the continental Tertiary fossiliferous localities from Thailand. - J. Southeast Asian Earth Sci., 12, 1-2: 65-78.
24. ERFURT, J. & HAUBOLD, H. (1989): Artiodactyla aus den eozänen Braunkohlen des Geiseltales bei Halle (DDR). - Palaeovertebrata, 19, 3: 131-160.
25. FEJFAR, O. (1987): A lower Oligocene mammalian fauna from Detan and Dverce NW Bohemia, Czechoslovakia. - Münch. Geowiss. Abh., (A), 10: 253-264.
26. FORSTER-COOPER, C. (1915): New genera and species of mammals from the Miocene deposits of Baluchistan. - Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., 16: 404-409.
27. -,- (1924): The Anthracotheriidae of the Dera Bugti deposits in Baluchistan. - Pal. Indica, 4, 2: 1-72.
28. FRANZEN, J. L. (1983): Ein zweites Skelett von Messelobunodon (Mammalia, Dichobunidae) aus der "Grube Messel" bei Darmstadt (Deutschland, S-Hessen). - Senckenberg. Leth., 64, 5/6: 403-445.
29. GABUNIA, L. K. (1964): The Oligocene mammalian fauna of Benara. - 268 p., Academy of Sciences of USSR, Institute of Paleobiology, Tbilissi.
30. GAUDRY, M. A. (1873): Sur l'Anthracotherium trouvé à Saínt-Menoux (Allier). - Bull. Soc. géol. France, 2: 36-40.
31. GEAIS, G. (1934): Le Brachyodus borbonicus des argiles de St-Henri (près Marseille). - Trav. Lab. Géol. Fac. Sc. Lyon, Lyon, 25, 21: 1-54.
32. GENTRY, A. W. & HOOKER, J. J. (1988): The phylogeny of the Artiodactyla. - In: BENTON, M. J. (Ed.): The phylogeny and classification of the tetrapods, volume 2: mammals: 235-272, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
33. GERVAIS, P. (1848-52): Zoologie et paléontologie française (animaux vertébrés). - Bertrand, Paris, 3 vol., 271 p.
34. GILL, T. (1872): Arrangement of the families of mammals and synoptical tables of characters of the subdivisions of mammals. Smithson. -Misc. Coll., 11, 1: 1-98.
35. GINGERICH, P. D. (1974): Size variability of the teeth in living mammals and the diagnosis of closely related sympatric fossil species. - J. Paleont., 48, 5: 895-903.
36. HEISSIG, K. (1979): Die hypothetische Rolle Südosteuropas bei den Säugetierwanderungen im Eozän und Oligozän. - N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh., 1979: 83-96.
37. -,- (1990): Ein Oberkiefer von Anthracohyus (Mammalia, ? Artiodactyla) aus dem Eozän Jugoslawiens. - Mitt. Bayerische Staatssamml. Paläont. hist. Geol., 30: 57-64.
38. HOLROYD, P. A. & CIOCHON, R. L. (1991): A reappraisal of Burmese anthracotheriid artiodactyls. - J. Vertebrate Paleont., 11, 3: 95 (abstract).
39. -,- (1994): Relative ages of Eocene primate-bearing deposits of Asia. - In: FLEAGLE, J. G. & KAY, R. F. (Eds.): Anthropoid origins. - 123-141, Plenum Press, New York.
40. HUSSAIN, S. T., SOONDAR, P. Y. & SHAH, S. M. I. (1983): Fossil mammal bones of Pakistan: a field atlas. - Mem. Geol. Surv. Pakistan, Quetta, 14: 1-15.
41. International Code of Zoologial Nomenclature (1985). - 338 p., Charlesworth & Co Ltd, Huddersfield.
42. JOLLY, A. & SAHNI, A. (1990): Raoellid astragali from the Kalakot zone (Subathu Group): evidence for assignment to the Artiodactyla. -Current Science, 59, 2: 102-105.
43. KINKELIN, F. (1884): Ueber Fossilien aus Braunkohlen der Umgebung von Frankfurt a/M. - Ber. Senkenberg. naturf. Ges., 165-182.
44. KOENIGSWALD, G. H. R. VON (1967): An Upper Eocene mammal of the family Anthracotheriidae from the Island of Timor, Indonesia. -Koninkl. Nederl. Akad. Wetensch, 70, 5: 529-533.
45. KOWALEVSKI, W. (1876): Monographie der Gattung Anthracotherium und Versuch einer natürlichen Klassifikation der fossilen Huftiere. -Palaeontographica, Cassel, 22: 131-347.
46. KRETZOI, M. (1943): Kochictis centenni n. g. n. sp., ein altertümlicher Creodonte aus dem Oberoligozän Siebenbürgens. - Földt. Közl., 73: 190-195.
47. LYDEKKER (1878): Notices on Siwalik mammals. - Rec. Geol. Surv. India, 11: 64-104.
48. MACDONALD, J. R. (1956): The North American anthracotheres. - J. Paleont., 30, 3: 615-645.
49. MARSH, O. C. (1872): Preliminary description of new Tertiary mammals. - Amer. Jour. Sci. Arts, 4: 122-128.
50. -,- (1894): Eastern division of the Miohippus Beds, with notes on some of the characteristic fossils. - Am. J. Sci., 48: 91-94.
51. MATTHEW, W. D. & GRANGER, W. (1925): New mammals from the Irdin Manha Eocene of Mongolia. - Am. Mus. Nov., 198: 1-10.
52. MEYER, H. VON (1854): Antbracotherium dalmatinum aus der Braunkohle des Monte Promina und andere Anthracotherien. - N. Jb. Mineral. Geol.: 47-49.
53. PEARSON, H. S. (1927): On the skulls of early Tertiary Suidae, together with an account of the otic region in some other primitive Artiodactyla. - Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. London, London, (B), 215: 389-460.
54. PENTLAND, J. B. (1828): Description of fossil remains of some animals from the north-east border of Bengal. - Trans. Geol. Soc. London, 2, 2: 394-395.
55. PICKFORD, M. (1987): Révision des suiformes (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) de Bugti (Pakistan). - Ann. Paléont., Paris, 73, 4: 289-350.
56. PILGRIM, G. E. (1907): Description of some new Suidae from the Bugti Hills, Baluchistan. - Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Calcutta, 36: 45-56.
57. -,- (1908): The Tertiary and Post-Tertiary freshwater deposits of Baluchistan and Sind with notices of new vertebrates. - Rec. Geol. Surv. India, Calcutta, 37: 139-166.
58. -,- (1928): The Artiodactyla of the Eocene of Burma. - Paleontologica Indica, Calcutta, 13: 1-39.
59. -,- (1940): Middle Eocene mammals from North-west India. - Proc. Zool. Soc. London, (B), 110: 127-152.
60. PILGRIM, G. E. & COTTER, G. DE P. (1916): Some newly discovered Eocene mammals from Burma. - Rec. Geol. Surv. India, 47: 42-77.
61. QIU, Z. (1977): Notes on the new species of Anthracokeryx from Guangxi. - Vert. PalAsiatica, Beijing, 15, 1: 54-58.
62. RADULESCU, C. & SAMSON, P. (1989): Oligocene mammals from Romania. - In: PETRESCU, I. (Ed.): The Oligocene from the Transylvanian basin, Romania. - 301-312, University of Cluj-Napoca Press, Cluj-Napoca.
63. RAO, A. R. (1971): New mammals from Murree (Kalakot zone) of the foothills near Kalakot, Jammu and Kashmir State, India. - J. Geol. Soc. India, 12, 2: 125-134.
64. -,- (1972): Further studies on the vertebrate fauna of Kalakot, India. - Directorate of Geology, Oil and Natural Gas Commission, Special Paper, Dehra Dun, 1: 1-22.
65. RASMUSSEN, D. T., BOWN, T. M. & SIMONS, E. L. (1992): The Eocene-Oligocene transition in continental Africa. - In: PROTHERO, D. R. & BERGGREN, W. A. (Eds.): Eocene-Oligocene climatic and biotic evolution. - 548-566, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
66. REMY, J.-A., CROCHET, J.-Y., SIGÉ, B., SUDRE, J., DE BONIS, L., VIANEY-LIAUD, M., GODINOT, M., HARTENBERGER, J.-L., LANGE-BADRE, B. & COMTE, B. (1987): Biochronologie des Phosphorites du Quercy: mise à jour des listes fauniques et nouveaux gisements de mammifères fossils. - Münch. Geowiss. Abh., (A), 10: 169-188.
67. ROSE, K. D. (1982): Skeleton of Diacodexis, oldest known artiodactyl. - Science, 216: 621-623.
68. RÜTIMEYER (1857): Ueber Anthracotherium magnum und hippoideum. - N. Denkschr. allgem. Schweiz. Ges. Naturw., Zürich, 15, 8: 1-32.
69. SAHNI, A. & KHARE, K. (1972): Three new Eocene mammals from Rajauri District, Jammu and Kashmir State, India. - J. Paleont. Soc. India, 16: 41-53.
70. SAHNI, A., BHATIA, S. B., HARTENBERGER, J.-L., JAEGER, J.-J., KUMAR, K., SUDRE, J. & VIANEY-LIAUD, M. (1981): Vertebrates from the Subathu Formation and comments on the biogeography of India subcontinent during the early Paleogene. - Bull. Soc. géol. France, Paris, 7, 6: 689-695.
71. SCHLOSSER, M. (1924): Mammalia. - In: ZITTEL, K. A. (Ed.): Grundzüge der Palontologie (Paläozoologie) Abt. 2 Vertebrata. - 402-689, R. Oldenbourg, München.
72. SCHMIDT, M. (1913): Über Paarhufer der fluviomarinen Schichten des Fajum. - Geol. Paläont. Abh., Jena, 11, 3: 155-263.
73. SCHMIDT-KITTLER, N. (1987): International Symposium on Mammalian Biostratigraphy and Paleoecology of the European Paleogene. -Münch. Geowiss. Abh., (A), 10: 1-312.
74. SCOTT, W. B. (1940): The mammalian fauna of the White River Oligocene, part IV: Artiodactyla. - Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., Philadelphia, 28, 4: 363-746.
75. SIMPSON, G. G., ROE, A. & LEWONTIN, R. C. (1960): Quantitative Zoology. - 440 p., Harcourt, Brace and World, New York.
76. STEHLIN, H. G. (1910): Zur Revision der europäischen Anthracotherien. - Verhandl. Naturforsch. Ges., 21: 166-185.
77. -,- (1929): Artiodactylen mit fünffingriger Vorderextremität aus dem europäischen Oligocän. - Verhandl. Naturforsch. Ges., 40, 2: 599-625.
78. STROMER, E. (1931): Die ersten alttertiären Säugetier-Reste aus den Sunda-Inseln. - Dienst Mijn. Ned. Indie, Wet. Medel., 17: 11-14.
79. SUDRE, J. (1980): Aumelasia gabineaudi n. g. n. sp. nouveau Dichobunidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) du gisement d'Aumelas (Hérault) d'âge Lutétien terminal. - Palaeovertebrata, Montpellier, Mém. Jubilaire R. Lavocat: 197-211.
80. SUDRE, J., RUSSELL, D. E., LOUIS, P. & SAVAGE, D. E. (1983): Les artiodactyles de l'Eocène inférieur d'Europe. - Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., 5, 3: 281-365.
81. SUTEETHORN, V., BUFFETAUT, E., HELMCKE-INGAVAT, R., JAEGER, J.-J. & JONGKANJANASOONTORN, Y. (1988): Oldest known Tertiary mammals from South-East Asia: Middle Eocene primate and anthracotheres from Thailand. - N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Mh., 1988: 563-570.
82. TANG, Y. (1978): Two new genera of Anthracotheriidae from Kwangsi. - Vert. PalAsiatica, 16, 1: 13-21.
83. TELLER, F. (1886): Neue Anthracotherienreste aus Südsteiermark und Dalmatien. - Beitr. Pal. Oesterreich-Ungarns, 4: 45-133.
84. THEWISSEN, J. G. M., GINGERICH, P. D. & RUSSELL, D. E. (1987): Artiodactyla and Perissodactyla (Mammalia) from the early-middle Eocene Kuldana Formation of Kohat (Pakistan). - Mus. Paleont. Univ. Michigan, 27, 10: 247-274.
85. TOBIEN, H. (1980): Em anthracotherioider Paarhufer (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) aus dem Eozän von Messel bei Darmstadt (Hessen). - Geol. Jb. Hessen, 108: 11-22.
86. VAN COUVERING, J. A. & HARRIS, J. A. (1991): Late Eocene age of Fayum mammal faunas. - J. Hum. Evol., 21: 241-260.
87. VIRET, J. (1961): Artiodactyla. - In: PIVETEAU, J. (Ed.): Traité de Paléontologie. - t. 6, Vol. 1, 887-1084, Masson, Paris.
88. WANG, J. (1985): A new species of Anthracokeryx from Shanxi. - Vert. PalAsiatica, 23, 1: 58-59.
89. WELCOMME, J.-L. & GINSBURG, L. (1997): Mise en évidence de l'Oligocène sur le territoire des Bugti (Balouchistan, Pakistan). - C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Sci. Terre, 325, 999-1004.
90. XU, Y. (1962): Some new anthracotheres from Shansi and Yunnan. - Vert. PalAsiatica, 6, 3: 243-250.
91. YOUNG, C. (1937): An early Tertiary vertebrate fauna from Yuanchu. - Bull. Geol. Soc. China, 17: 413-438.
92. ZDANSKY, O. (1930): Die alttertiären Säugetiere Chinas nebst stratigraphischen Bemerkungen. - Pal. Sinica, (C), 6, 2: 1-87.
93. ZHAO, Z. (1981): The vertebrate fossils and lower Tertiary from Nanning Basin. - Vert. PalAsiatica, 19, 3: 227.
94. -,- (1983): A new species of anthracothere from Nanning Basin, Guangxi. - Vert. PalAsiatica, 21, 3: 270.