Children of incarcerated mothers

Journal of Child and Family Studies

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 11-25

  Myers, Barbara J ^a   Smarsh, Tina M ^a   Amlund Hagen, Kristine ^a   Kennon, Suzanne ^a  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Child behavior problems; Parental incarceration; Risk factors; Separation from parent; Stigma and shame

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002616067     PISSN: 10621024     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1022990410036     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. American Bar Association Center on Children and the Law. (1993). Children on hold: What happens when their primary caretaker is arrested? Results of the national survey. Washington, DC: American Bar Association.
2. Baugh, C. (1985). Women in jail and prison: A training manual for volunteers and advocates. NY: National Council of Churches.
3. Baunach, P. J. (1979, November). Mothering from behind prison walls. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Criminology, Philadelphia, PA.
4. Baunach, P. J. (1985). Mothers in prison. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
5. Beckerman, A. (1989). Incarcerated mothers and their children in foster care: The dilemma of visitation. Children and Youth Services Review, 11, 175-183.
6. Bloom, B. (1993). Incarcerated mothers and their children: Maintaining family ties. In American Correctional Association (Ed.), Female offenders: Meeting needs of a neglected population (pp. 60-68). Baltimore: United Book Press.
7. Bloom, B., & Steinhart, D. (1993). Why punish the children? A reappraisal of the children of incarcerated mothers in America. San Francisco: National Council on Crime and Delinquency.
8. Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Vol. 1: Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
9. Bowlby, J. (1973). Attachment and loss. Vol. 2: Separation. New York: Basic Books.
10. Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
11. Devine, K. (1997). Family Unity: The benefits and costs of community-based sentencing programs for women and their children in Illinois. (Available from Chicago Legal Aid to Incarcerated Mothers, 205 W. Randolph, Suite 830, Chicago, IL 60606; also available at http://www.c-I-a-i-m.org/.)
12. Doyle, J. S., & Bauer, S. K. (1989). Post-traumatic stress disorder in children. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2, 275-288.
13. Dressler, P. L., & Barnhill, S. K. (1994). Reframing gerontological thought and practice: The case of grandmothers with daughters in prison. The Gerontologist, 34, 685-691.
14. Family & Corrections Network Report. (1995). Community Programs Issue, 7.
15. Fishman, S. H. (1983). Impact of incarceration on children of offenders. Journal of Children in Contemporary Society, 15, 89-99.
16. Fritsch, T. A., & Burkhead, J. D. (1981). Behavioral reactions of children to parental absence due to imprisonment. Family Relations, 30, 83-88.
17. Fuller, L. G. (1993). Visitors to women's prisons in California: An exploratory study. Federal Probation, 57, 41-47.
18. Gabel, K. (1992). Behavioral problems in sons of incarcerated or otherwise absent fathers: The issue of separation. Family Processes, 31, 303-314.
19. Gabel, K., & Girard, K. (1995). Long-term care nurseries in prison: A descriptive study. In K. Gabel & D. Johnston (Eds.), Children in incarcerated parents (pp. 237-254). New York: Lexington Books.
20. Gabel, K., & Johnson, D. (1995). Children of incarcerated parents. New York: Lexington Books.
21. Gaudin, J. M., & Sutphen, R. (1993). Foster care vs. extended family care for children of incarcerated mothers. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, 19, 129-147.
22. Hairston, C. F. (1991). Mothers in jail: Parent-child separation and jail visitation. Affilia, 6, 9-27.
23. Hess, P. M. (1987). Parental visiting of children in foster care: Current knowledge and research agenda. Children and Youth Services Review, 9, 29-50.
24. Hunter, S. M. (1984). The relationship between women offenders and their children. Dissertation Abstracts International, 45, no. 8.
25. Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. (1991). Survey of inmates of local jails, 1989. Ann Arbor, MI: Author.
26. Jacobson, S. W., & Fry, K. F. (1991). Effect of maternal social support on attachment: Experimental evidence. Child Development, 62, 572-582.
27. Jendrek, M. P. (1994). Grandparents who parent their grandchildren: Circumstances and decisions. The Gerontologist, 34, 206-216.
28. Johnston, D. (1991). Jailed mothers. Pasadena, CA: Pacific Oaks Center for Children of Incarcerated Parents.
29. Johnston, D. (1992). Children of offenders. Pasadena, CA: Pacific Oaks Center for Children of Incarcerated Parents.
30. Johnston, D. (1995a). Effects of parental incarceration. In K. Gabel & D. Johnston (Eds.), Children of incarcerated parents (pp. 59-88). New York: Lexington Books.
31. Johnston, D. (1995b). The care and placement of prisoners' children. In K. Gabel & D. Johnston (Eds.), Children of incarcerated parents (pp. 103-123). New York: Lexington Books.
32. Johnston, D. (1995c). Jailed mothers. In K. Gabel & D. Johnston (Eds.), Children of incarcerated parents (pp. 41-55). New York: Lexington Books.
33. Johnston, D. (1995d). Parent-child visitation in the jail or prison. In K. Gabel & D. Johnston (Eds.), Children of incarcerated parents (pp. 135-143). New York: Lexington Books.
34. Johnston, D. (1998, September). Research on children of incarcerated parents. Presented at the Fifth North American Conference on the Family and Corrections, Bethesda, MD.
35. Johnston, D., & Gabel, K. (1995). Incarcerated parents. In K. Gabel & D. Johnston (Eds), Children of incarcerated parents (pp. 3-20). New York: Lexington Books.
36. Kampfner, C. J. (1995). Post-traumatic stress reactions in children of imprisoned mothers. In K. Gabel & D. Johnston (Eds.), Children of incarcerated parents (pp. 89-100). New York: Lexington Books.
37. Kelmer, M. L., & Clifford, L. (1962). Conditions associated with emotional maladjustment among children in care. Education Review, 14, 112-123.
38. Kennon, S. (1997). Meeting the needs of our children: A handbook for mothers in prison. (Available from Department of Correctional Education, Virginia Treatment Center for Women, Box One, Goochland, VA 23063.)
39. Kochanska, G., Casey, R. J., & Fukumoto, A. (1995). Toddlers' sensitivity to standard violations. Child Development, 66, 643-656.
40. Kochanska, G., DeVet, K., Goldman, M., Murray, K., & Putnam, S. P. (1994). Maternal reports of conscience development and temperament in young children. Child Development, 65, 852-868.
41. Lewis, M. (1992). Shame: The exposed self. New York, NY: The Free Press.
42. Lowenstein, A. (1986). Temporary single parenthood: The case of prisoners' families. Family Relations, 36, 79-85.
43. Lyons, J. (1987). Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: A review of the literature. Development and Behavioral Pediatrics, 8, 349-356.
44. Lyons-Ruth, K., Alpern, L., & Repacholi, B. (1993). Disorganized infant attachment classification and maternal psychosocial problems as predictors of hostile-aggressive behavior in the preschool classroom. Child Development, 64, 572-585.
45. McGowan, B. G., & Blumenthal, K. L. (1978). Why punish the children? Hackensack, NJ: National Council on Crime and Delinquency.
46. Minkler, M., Roe, K. M., & Price, M. (1994). The physical and emotional health of grandmothers raising grandchildren in the crack cocaine epidemic. The Gerontologist, 34, 752-761.
47. Morris, P. (1965). Prisoners and their families. New York: Hart.
48. Myers, B. J., Britt, G. C., Lodder, D. E., Kendall, K. A., & Williams-Petersen, M. G. (1992). Effects of cocaine exposure on infant development: A review. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 1, 393-415.
49. Norman, J. A. (1995). Children of prisoners in foster care. In K. Gabel & D. Johnston (Eds.), Children of incarcerated parents (pp. 124-134). New York: Lexington Books.
50. Phillips, S. (1996). Relative caregivers: An opportunity for prevention and intervention. (Available from Centers for Youth and Families, 5905 Forest Pl., Suite 205, Little Rock, Arkansas 72207.)
51. Phillips, S., & Harm, N. (1997). Women prisoners: A contextual framework. Women and Therapy, 20, 1-9.
52. Sack, W. H., Seidler, T, & Thomas, S. (1976). Children of imprisoned parents: A psychosocial exploration. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 46, 618-628.
53. Sameroff, A. J., & Chandler, M. J. (1975). Reproductive risk and the continuum of reproductive casualty. In F. D. Horowitz (Ed.), Review of Child Development Research (Vol. 4, pp. 187-244). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
54. Stanton, A. (1980). When mothers go to jail. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath.
55. Streissguth, A. P., Barr, H. M., Sampson, P. D., Parrish-Johnston, J. C., Kirchner, G. L., & Martin, D. C. (1986). Attention and distraction at age 7 years and prenatal alcohol exposure. Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, 8, 717-725.
56. Streissguth, A. P., Barr, H. M., Sampson, P. D., Darby, B. L., & Martin, D. C. (1989). IQ at age 4 in relation to maternal alcohol use and smoking during pregnancy. Developmental Psychology, 25, 3-11.
57. Thompson, J. W. (1984). Crisis intervention with prisoners and their children. Emotional First Aid, 1, 5-16.
58. Thompson, R. A., Lamb, M. E., & Estes, D. (1982). Stability of infant mother attachment and its relationship to changing life circumstances in an unselected middle-class sample. Child Development, 53, 144-148.
59. Trice, A. D. (1997). Risk and protective factors for school and community problems for children of incarcerated women. Paper presented at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development, Indianapolis.
60. United States Department of Justice. (1993). Survey of state prison inmates, 1991. NCJ-136949. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
61. United States Department of Justice. (1994). Women in prison. NCJ-145321. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics.
62. Vaughn, B. Egeland, B., Sroufe, L. A., & Waters, E. (1979). Individual differences in infant-mother attachment at 12 and 18 months: Stability and change in families under stress. Child Development, 50, 971-975.
63. Virginia Commission on Youth (1993). The study of the needs of children whose parents are incarcerated. Richmond, VA: Author.
64. Woodrow, J. (1992). Mothers inside, children outside: What happens to the dependent children of female inmates? In R. Shaw (Ed.), Prisoners' children: What are the issues? (pp. 29-40). London, England: Routledge.
65. Zalba, S. (1964). Women prisoners and their families. Sacramento, CA: Department of Social Welfare/Department of Corrections.