메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 111, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 53-66

Leaching of chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives: A review

Author keywords

Arsenic; Biocides; Chromium; Copper; Wood preservation

Indexed keywords

CHROMIUM; COPPER; WOOD PROTECTING AGENT;

EID: 0002583844     PISSN: 02697491     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00030-0     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (311)

References (119)
  • 1
    • 0033081161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of copper, chromium, and arsenic in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from laboratory and field exposures to wood treated with chromated copper arsenic type C
    • Adler-lvanbrook, L., Breslin, V.T., 1999. Accumulation of copper, chromium, and arsenic in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from laboratory and field exposures to wood treated with chromated copper arsenic type C. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18, 213-221.
    • (1999) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.18 , pp. 213-221
    • Adler-Lvanbrook, L.1    Breslin, V.T.2
  • 7
    • 85079950552 scopus 로고
    • Standard M-10. Testing wood preservatives by laboratory soil block cultures
    • AWPA, American Wood Preservers Association, Washington, DC.
    • AWPA, 1983. Standard M-10. Testing wood preservatives by laboratory soil block cultures. In: Book of Standards. American Wood Preservers Association, Washington, DC.
    • (1983) In: Book of Standards
  • 11
    • 0003815505 scopus 로고
    • Environmental Inorganic Chemistry
    • (Eds.) Chromium, Chapter 7.6, (SETAC special publications service). Pergammon Press, New York
    • Bodek, I., Lyman, W.J., Reehl, W.F., Rosenblatt, D.H. (Eds.) 1988b. Chromium, Chapter 7.6, Environmental Inorganic Chemistry. Properties, Processes, and Estimation Methods (SETAC special publications service). Pergammon Press, New York pp. 7.6-1-7.6-12.
    • (1988) Properties, Processes, and Estimation Methods , pp. 761-7612
    • Bodek, I.1    Lyman, W.J.2    Reehl, W.F.3    Rosenblatt, D.H.4
  • 12
    • 0031914859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Release of copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-C treated lumber in estuaries
    • Breslin V.T., Adler-Ivanbrook L. Release of copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-C treated lumber in estuaries. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. 46:1998;111-125.
    • (1998) Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science , vol.46 , pp. 111-125
    • Breslin, V.T.1    Adler-Ivanbrook, L.2
  • 13
    • 0029669656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the environmental risks associated with the use of chromated copper arsenate-treated wood products in aquatic environments
    • Brooks K.M. Evaluating the environmental risks associated with the use of chromated copper arsenate-treated wood products in aquatic environments. Estuaries. 19:1996;296-305.
    • (1996) Estuaries , vol.19 , pp. 296-305
    • Brooks, K.M.1
  • 21
    • 0342575402 scopus 로고
    • A study on the leaching of copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) from some common Indian timbers tested in Cochin harbour waters
    • Cherian P.V., Sharma M.N., Cherian C.J. A study on the leaching of copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) from some common Indian timbers tested in Cochin harbour waters. Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science. 10:1979;31-34.
    • (1979) Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science , vol.10 , pp. 31-34
    • Cherian, P.V.1    Sharma, M.N.2    Cherian, C.J.3
  • 22
    • 0010545527 scopus 로고
    • Microdistribution of metal elements in wood impregnated with a copper-chrome-arsenic preservative as determined by analytical electron microscopy
    • Chou C.K., Chandler J.A., Preston R.D. Microdistribution of metal elements in wood impregnated with a copper-chrome-arsenic preservative as determined by analytical electron microscopy. Wood Science and Technology. 7:1973;151-160.
    • (1973) Wood Science and Technology , vol.7 , pp. 151-160
    • Chou, C.K.1    Chandler, J.A.2    Preston, R.D.3
  • 25
    • 0003040503 scopus 로고
    • Leaching of CCA from treated wood: PH effects
    • Cooper P.A. Leaching of CCA from treated wood: pH effects. Forest Products Journal. 41:1991;30-32.
    • (1991) Forest Products Journal , vol.41 , pp. 30-32
    • Cooper, P.A.1
  • 27
    • 0038437128 scopus 로고
    • Estimating diffusion path length in treated wood
    • Cooper P.A., Churma R. Estimating diffusion path length in treated wood. Forest Products Journal. 40:1990;61-63.
    • (1990) Forest Products Journal , vol.40 , pp. 61-63
    • Cooper, P.A.1    Churma, R.2
  • 28
    • 0002294031 scopus 로고
    • Accelerated fixation of CCA-treated poles
    • Cooper P.A., Ung Y.T. Accelerated fixation of CCA-treated poles. Forest Products Journal. 42:1992;27-32.
    • (1992) Forest Products Journal , vol.42 , pp. 27-32
    • Cooper, P.A.1    Ung, Y.T.2
  • 30
    • 0001992480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fixation and leaching of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) treated with CCA-C
    • Cooper P.A., Ung Y.T., Kamden P.D. Fixation and leaching of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) treated with CCA-C. Forest Products Journal. 47:1997;70-74.
    • (1997) Forest Products Journal , vol.47 , pp. 70-74
    • Cooper, P.A.1    Ung, Y.T.2    Kamden, P.D.3
  • 31
    • 1542740354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of creosote fortified with synthetic pyrethroids as wood preservatives for use in the sea. II. Effects on wood-degrading micro-organisms and fouling invertebrates
    • Cragg S.M., Eaton R.A. Evaluation of creosote fortified with synthetic pyrethroids as wood preservatives for use in the sea. II. Effects on wood-degrading micro-organisms and fouling invertebrates. Material und Organismen. 31:1997;197.
    • (1997) Material und Organismen , vol.31 , pp. 197
    • Cragg, S.M.1    Eaton, R.A.2
  • 32
    • 0002230959 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics and mechanism of fixation of Cu-Cr-As wood preservatives. Part V. Effect of wood species and preservative composition on the leaching during storage
    • Dahlgren S.-E. Kinetics and mechanism of fixation of Cu-Cr-As wood preservatives. Part V. Effect of wood species and preservative composition on the leaching during storage. Holzforschung. 29:1975;84-89.
    • (1975) Holzforschung , vol.29 , pp. 84-89
    • Dahlgren, S.-E.1
  • 33
    • 0002230960 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics and mechanism of fixation of Cu-Cr-As wood preservatives. Part VI. The length of the primary fixation period
    • Dahlgren S.-E. Kinetics and mechanism of fixation of Cu-Cr-As wood preservatives. Part VI. The length of the primary fixation period. Holzforschung. 29:1975;130-134.
    • (1975) Holzforschung , vol.29 , pp. 130-134
    • Dahlgren, S.-E.1
  • 35
    • 0006825528 scopus 로고
    • An international collaborative marine trial to investigate the effect of timber substrate on the efficacy of CCA and CCB wood preservatives
    • Eaton R. An international collaborative marine trial to investigate the effect of timber substrate on the efficacy of CCA and CCB wood preservatives. Material und Organismen. 24:1989;51.
    • (1989) Material und Organismen , vol.24 , pp. 51
    • Eaton, R.1
  • 38
    • 0010842944 scopus 로고
    • Copper-chrome-arsenate wood preservatives: A study of the influence of composition on teachability
    • Fahlstrom G.B., Gunning P.E., Carlson J.A. Copper-chrome-arsenate wood preservatives: a study of the influence of composition on teachability. Forest Products Journal. 17:1967;17-22.
    • (1967) Forest Products Journal , vol.17 , pp. 17-22
    • Fahlstrom, G.B.1    Gunning, P.E.2    Carlson, J.A.3
  • 39
    • 0024474849 scopus 로고
    • Copper toxicity and chemistry in the environment: A review
    • Fleming C.A., Trevors J.T. Copper toxicity and chemistry in the environment: a review. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 44:1989;143-158.
    • (1989) Water, Air, and Soil Pollution , vol.44 , pp. 143-158
    • Fleming, C.A.1    Trevors, J.T.2
  • 40
    • 0001858234 scopus 로고
    • Hexavalent chromium reduction on CCA treated sawdust
    • Forsyth P.G., Morrell J.J. Hexavalent chromium reduction on CCA treated sawdust. Forest Products Laboratory. 40:1990;48-50.
    • (1990) Forest Products Laboratory , vol.40 , pp. 48-50
    • Forsyth, P.G.1    Morrell, J.J.2
  • 43
    • 0343009603 scopus 로고
    • The effects of aqueous leaching on the moisture uptake and decay of CCA-treated wood exposed to soil burial
    • Green C.A., Smith G.M., King B. The effects of aqueous leaching on the moisture uptake and decay of CCA-treated wood exposed to soil burial. Material und Organismen. 24:1989;193-205.
    • (1989) Material und Organismen , vol.24 , pp. 193-205
    • Green, C.A.1    Smith, G.M.2    King, B.3
  • 44
    • 0014584313 scopus 로고
    • Leaching tests on copper-chromium-arsenic preservatives
    • Hager B. Leaching tests on copper-chromium-arsenic preservatives. Forest Products Journal. 19:1969;21-26.
    • (1969) Forest Products Journal , vol.19 , pp. 21-26
    • Hager, B.1
  • 45
    • 0343009604 scopus 로고
    • Modelling the process of release of a chemical from wood in finite volumes of water in succession
    • Haloui A., Vergnaud J.M. Modelling the process of release of a chemical from wood in finite volumes of water in succession. Wood Science and Technology. 29:1995;77-85.
    • (1995) Wood Science and Technology , vol.29 , pp. 77-85
    • Haloui, A.1    Vergnaud, J.M.2
  • 46
    • 0343445283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the release in water of chemicals used for wood preservation. Effect of wood dimensions
    • Haloui A., Vergnaud J.M. Study of the release in water of chemicals used for wood preservation. Effect of wood dimensions. Wood Science and Technology. 31:1997;51-62.
    • (1997) Wood Science and Technology , vol.31 , pp. 51-62
    • Haloui, A.1    Vergnaud, J.M.2
  • 47
    • 0028162045 scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional-responses of a fresh-water plankton community to acute copper stress
    • Havens K.E. Structural and functional-responses of a fresh-water plankton community to acute copper stress. Environmental Pollution. 86:1994;259-266.
    • (1994) Environmental Pollution , vol.86 , pp. 259-266
    • Havens, K.E.1
  • 48
    • 0000224142 scopus 로고
    • Preservative leaching from softwoods submerged in Irish Coastal waters as measured by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry
    • Hayes C., Curran P.M.T., Hynes M.J. Preservative leaching from softwoods submerged in Irish Coastal waters as measured by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry. Holzforschung. 48:1994;463-473.
    • (1994) Holzforschung , vol.48 , pp. 463-473
    • Hayes, C.1    Curran, P.M.T.2    Hynes, M.J.3
  • 49
    • 0010549749 scopus 로고
    • Biodeterioration and microdistribution of copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) in wood submerged in Irish coastal waters
    • Hegarty B.M., Curran P.M.T. Biodeterioration and microdistribution of copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA) in wood submerged in Irish coastal waters. Journal of the Institute of Wood Science. 10:1986;245-253.
    • (1986) Journal of the Institute of Wood Science , vol.10 , pp. 245-253
    • Hegarty, B.M.1    Curran, P.M.T.2
  • 50
    • 0003174574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The microdistribution of copper, chromium and arsenic in CCA treated wood and its pyrolysis residue using energy dispersive x-ray analysis in scanning electron microscopy
    • Helsen L., Van den Bulck F. The microdistribution of copper, chromium and arsenic in CCA treated wood and its pyrolysis residue using energy dispersive x-ray analysis in scanning electron microscopy. Holzforschung. 52:1998;607-614.
    • (1998) Holzforschung , vol.52 , pp. 607-614
    • Helsen, L.1    Van Den Bulck, F.2
  • 51
    • 0010549750 scopus 로고
    • Fixation of copper, chromium and arsenic in softwoods and hardwoods
    • Henshaw B. Fixation of copper, chromium and arsenic in softwoods and hardwoods. International Biodeterioration Bulletin. 15:1979;66-73.
    • (1979) International Biodeterioration Bulletin , vol.15 , pp. 66-73
    • Henshaw, B.1
  • 52
    • 0001957904 scopus 로고
    • Electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analysis of copper-based preservatives in Pinus-Sylvestris
    • Hughes A.S., Murphy R.J., Gibson J.F., Cornfield J.A. Electron-paramagnetic-resonance (EPR) spectroscopic analysis of copper-based preservatives in Pinus-Sylvestris. Holzforschung. 48:1994;91-98.
    • (1994) Holzforschung , vol.48 , pp. 91-98
    • Hughes, A.S.1    Murphy, R.J.2    Gibson, J.F.3    Cornfield, J.A.4
  • 53
    • 0027232265 scopus 로고
    • Species of copper and zinc in sediments collected from the Antarctic Ocean and the Taiwan Erhjin Chi coastal area
    • Hung T.-C., Meng P.-J., Wu S.-J. Species of copper and zinc in sediments collected from the Antarctic Ocean and the Taiwan Erhjin Chi coastal area. Environmental Pollution. 80:1993;223-230.
    • (1993) Environmental Pollution , vol.80 , pp. 223-230
    • Hung, T.-C.1    Meng, P.-J.2    Wu, S.-J.3
  • 54
    • 0002102513 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of leaching of copper-chrome-arsenic preservatives in saline waters
    • Irvine J., Dahlgren S.-E. The mechanism of leaching of copper-chrome-arsenic preservatives in saline waters. Holzforschung. 30:1976;44-50.
    • (1976) Holzforschung , vol.30 , pp. 44-50
    • Irvine, J.1    Dahlgren, S.-E.2
  • 55
    • 0006670351 scopus 로고
    • The effect of water of different ionic composition on the leaching of a water borne preservative from timber placed in cooling towers and in the sea
    • Irvine J., Eaton R.A., Jones E.B.G. The effect of water of different ionic composition on the leaching of a water borne preservative from timber placed in cooling towers and in the sea. Material und Organismen. 7:1972;45-71.
    • (1972) Material und Organismen , vol.7 , pp. 45-71
    • Irvine, J.1    Eaton, R.A.2    Jones, E.B.G.3
  • 56
    • 0343881125 scopus 로고
    • A look at creosote versus chromated copper arsenate salts as wood preservatives for the marine environment
    • Johnson B.R. A look at creosote versus chromated copper arsenate salts as wood preservatives for the marine environment. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development. 21:1982;704-705.
    • (1982) Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development , vol.21 , pp. 704-705
    • Johnson, B.R.1
  • 57
    • 0001800278 scopus 로고
    • Effect of salt water evaporation on tracheid separation from wood surfaces
    • Johnson B.R., Ibach R.E., Baker A.J. Effect of salt water evaporation on tracheid separation from wood surfaces. Forest Products Journal. 42:1992;57-59.
    • (1992) Forest Products Journal , vol.42 , pp. 57-59
    • Johnson, B.R.1    Ibach, R.E.2    Baker, A.J.3
  • 58
  • 61
    • 0002860432 scopus 로고
    • Effect of rapid redrying shortly after treatment on leachability of CCA-treated southern pine
    • Lee A.W.C., Grafton J.C., Tainter F.H. Effect of rapid redrying shortly after treatment on leachability of CCA-treated southern pine. Forest Products Journal. 43:1993;37-40.
    • (1993) Forest Products Journal , vol.43 , pp. 37-40
    • Lee, A.W.C.1    Grafton, J.C.2    Tainter, F.H.3
  • 62
    • 0025922607 scopus 로고
    • Chemical reactions of metals with humic material
    • Livens F.R. Chemical reactions of metals with humic material. Environmental Pollution. 70:1991;183-208.
    • (1991) Environmental Pollution , vol.70 , pp. 183-208
    • Livens, F.R.1
  • 63
    • 0342575395 scopus 로고
    • The Performance of Preservative Treated Marine Piles in New Zealand
    • Auckland, New Zealand
    • McQuire, A.J., 1976. The Performance of Preservative Treated Marine Piles in New Zealand. Sixth Conference of Harbour Engineers, Auckland, New Zealand.
    • (1976) Sixth Conference of Harbour Engineers
    • McQuire, A.J.1
  • 65
    • 0343009601 scopus 로고
    • Physical and chemical aspects of preservative treatment by non-pressure methods
    • Morgan J.W.W., Pursiow D.F. Physical and chemical aspects of preservative treatment by non-pressure methods. Holzforschung. 27:1973;153-159.
    • (1973) Holzforschung , vol.27 , pp. 153-159
    • Morgan, J.W.W.1    Pursiow, D.F.2
  • 66
    • 0342575396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Chromium File, from the International Chromium Development Association
    • Murphy, R., 1998. Chromium in Timber Preservation. The Chromium File, from the International Chromium Development Association.
    • (1998) Chromium in Timber Preservation
    • Murphy, R.1
  • 67
    • 0022765026 scopus 로고
    • Relative copper binding capacities of dissolved organic compounds in a coastal-plain estuary
    • Newell A.D., Sanders J.G. Relative copper binding capacities of dissolved organic compounds in a coastal-plain estuary. Environmental Science and Technology. 20:1986;817-821.
    • (1986) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.20 , pp. 817-821
    • Newell, A.D.1    Sanders, J.G.2
  • 68
    • 0343445281 scopus 로고
    • Distribution and permanency of DDAC in southern pine sapwood treated by the full cell process
    • Nicholas D.D., Williams A.D., Preston A.F., Zhang S. Distribution and permanency of DDAC in southern pine sapwood treated by the full cell process. Forest Products Journal. 41:1991;41-45.
    • (1991) Forest Products Journal , vol.41 , pp. 41-45
    • Nicholas, D.D.1    Williams, A.D.2    Preston, A.F.3    Zhang, S.4
  • 71
    • 0343009602 scopus 로고
    • Determination and speciation of chromium, copper and arsenic in wood and dust from CCA-impregnated timber
    • Nygren O., Nilsson C.A. Determination and speciation of chromium, copper and arsenic in wood and dust from CCA-impregnated timber. Analusis. 21:1993;83-89.
    • (1993) Analusis , vol.21 , pp. 83-89
    • Nygren, O.1    Nilsson, C.A.2
  • 72
    • 5444258995 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of Losses of Wood Preservatives from Treated Wood by Leaching into the Environment
    • Cannes-Mandelieu, France
    • Orsler, R.J., Holland, G.E., 1993. Assessment of Losses of Wood Preservatives from Treated Wood by Leaching into the Environment. 2nd International Symposium on Wood Preservation, Cannes-Mandelieu, France.
    • (1993) 2nd International Symposium on Wood Preservation
    • Orsler, R.J.1    Holland, G.E.2
  • 73
    • 0010965769 scopus 로고
    • Accelerated fixation of chromate-containing wood-preservatives by superheated steam. 1. Effect of different heat-treatment on the leaching of preservatives
    • Peek R.-D., Willeitner H. Accelerated fixation of chromate-containing wood-preservatives by superheated steam. 1. Effect of different heat-treatment on the leaching of preservatives. Holz Als Roh-Und Werkstoff. 39:1981;495-502.
    • (1981) Holz Als Roh-Und Werkstoff , vol.39 , pp. 495-502
    • Peek, R.-D.1    Willeitner, H.2
  • 75
    • 0019706320 scopus 로고
    • The chemistry and kinetic behaviour of Cu-Cr-As/B wood preservatives. I. Fixation of chromium on wood
    • Pizzi A. The chemistry and kinetic behaviour of Cu-Cr-As/B wood preservatives. I. Fixation of chromium on wood. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition. 19:1981;3093-3121.
    • (1981) Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition , vol.19 , pp. 3093-3121
    • Pizzi, A.1
  • 76
    • 0020102523 scopus 로고
    • The chemistry and kinetic behaviour of Cu-Cr-As/B wood preservatives. II. Fixation of the Cu/Cr system on wood
    • Pizzi A. The chemistry and kinetic behaviour of Cu-Cr-As/B wood preservatives. II. Fixation of the Cu/Cr system on wood. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition. 20:1982;707-724.
    • (1982) Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition , vol.20 , pp. 707-724
    • Pizzi, A.1
  • 77
    • 0020101791 scopus 로고
    • The chemistry and kinetic behaviour of Cu-Cr-As/B wood preservatives. III. Fixation of a Cr/As system on wood
    • Pizzi A. The chemistry and kinetic behaviour of Cu-Cr-As/B wood preservatives. III. Fixation of a Cr/As system on wood. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition. 20:1982;725-738.
    • (1982) Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition , vol.20 , pp. 725-738
    • Pizzi, A.1
  • 78
    • 0010582659 scopus 로고
    • The chemistry and kinetic behaviour of Cu-Cr-As/B wood preservatives. IV. Fixation of CCA to wood
    • Pizzi A. The chemistry and kinetic behaviour of Cu-Cr-As/B wood preservatives. IV. Fixation of CCA to wood. Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition. 20:1982;739-764.
    • (1982) Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition , vol.20 , pp. 739-764
    • Pizzi, A.1
  • 79
    • 0000548612 scopus 로고
    • A new approach to the formulation and application of CCA preservatives
    • Pizzi A. A new approach to the formulation and application of CCA preservatives. Wood Science and Technology. 17:1983;303-319.
    • (1983) Wood Science and Technology , vol.17 , pp. 303-319
    • Pizzi, A.1
  • 81
    • 84948358798 scopus 로고
    • Chromium interactions in CCA/CCB wood preservatives. Part I. Interactions with wood carbohydrates
    • Pizzi A. Chromium interactions in CCA/CCB wood preservatives. Part I. Interactions with wood carbohydrates. Holzforschung. 44:1990;373-380.
    • (1990) Holzforschung , vol.44 , pp. 373-380
    • Pizzi, A.1
  • 82
    • 0000128046 scopus 로고
    • Chromium interactions in CCA/CCB wood preservatives. Part II. Interactions with lignin
    • Pizzi A. Chromium interactions in CCA/CCB wood preservatives. Part II. Interactions with lignin. Holzforschung. 44:1990;419-424.
    • (1990) Holzforschung , vol.44 , pp. 419-424
    • Pizzi, A.1
  • 85
    • 0002519460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of CO2 during the fixation of chromium containing wood preservatives on wood
    • Porandowski J., Cooper P.A., Kaldas M., Ung Y.T. Evolution of CO2 during the fixation of chromium containing wood preservatives on wood. Wood Science and Technology. 32:1998;15-24.
    • (1998) Wood Science and Technology , vol.32 , pp. 15-24
    • Porandowski, J.1    Cooper, P.A.2    Kaldas, M.3    Ung, Y.T.4
  • 86
    • 0020846093 scopus 로고
    • Effect of accelerated fixation on decay of CCA-treated wood
    • Preston A.F., McKaig P.A. Effect of accelerated fixation on decay of CCA-treated wood. Forest Products Journal. 33:1983;41-44.
    • (1983) Forest Products Journal , vol.33 , pp. 41-44
    • Preston, A.F.1    McKaig, P.A.2
  • 88
    • 0343881121 scopus 로고
    • Leachability of new water-borne preservative systems for difficult-to-treat wood products
    • Rak J.R., Clarke M.R. Leachability of new water-borne preservative systems for difficult-to-treat wood products. Proceedings of the American Wood Preservation Association. 70:1974;27-32.
    • (1974) Proceedings of the American Wood Preservation Association , vol.70 , pp. 27-32
    • Rak, J.R.1    Clarke, M.R.2
  • 92
    • 0023633723 scopus 로고
    • Control of trace element toxicity by phytoplankton
    • J.A. Saunders, L. Kosak-Channing, & E.E. Conn. New York: Plenum Press
    • Sanders J.G., Reidel G.F. Control of trace element toxicity by phytoplankton. Saunders J.A., Kosak-Channing L., Conn E.E. Phytochemical Effects of Environmental Compounds. 1987;131-149 Plenum Press, New York.
    • (1987) Phytochemical Effects of Environmental Compounds , pp. 131-149
    • Sanders, J.G.1    Reidel, G.F.2
  • 94
    • 0342575391 scopus 로고
    • The effect of composition on the effectiveness and fixation of copper/chrome/arsenic and copper/chrome preservatives part II: Selective absorption and fixation
    • Smith D.N.R., Williams A.I. The effect of composition on the effectiveness and fixation of copper/chrome/arsenic and copper/chrome preservatives part II: selective absorption and fixation. Wood Science and Technology. 7:1973;142-150.
    • (1973) Wood Science and Technology , vol.7 , pp. 142-150
    • Smith, D.N.R.1    Williams, A.I.2
  • 95
    • 0342575389 scopus 로고
    • The effect of composition on the effectiveness and fixation of copper-chrome-arsenic and copper-chrome preservatives part I: Effectiveness
    • Smith D.N.R., Williams A.I. The effect of composition on the effectiveness and fixation of copper-chrome-arsenic and copper-chrome preservatives part I: effectiveness. Wood Science and Technology. 7:1973;60-76.
    • (1973) Wood Science and Technology , vol.7 , pp. 60-76
    • Smith, D.N.R.1    Williams, A.I.2
  • 96
    • 85080002557 scopus 로고
    • Variations in CCA penetration and retention in loblolly and shortleaf pine
    • Taylor F.W. Variations in CCA penetration and retention in loblolly and shortleaf pine. Forest Products Journal. 41:1991;25-28.
    • (1991) Forest Products Journal , vol.41 , pp. 25-28
    • Taylor, F.W.1
  • 104
    • 0024996589 scopus 로고
    • Acidity as a factor in leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-treated dimension lumber
    • Warner J.E., Solomon K.R. Acidity as a factor in leaching of copper, chromium and arsenic from CCA-treated dimension lumber. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 9:1990;1331-1337.
    • (1990) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.9 , pp. 1331-1337
    • Warner, J.E.1    Solomon, K.R.2
  • 106
    • 0028344021 scopus 로고
    • Effects of contaminants from chromated copper arsenate-treated lumber on benthos
    • Weis J.S., Weis P. Effects of contaminants from chromated copper arsenate-treated lumber on benthos. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 26:1994;103-109.
    • (1994) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , vol.26 , pp. 103-109
    • Weis, J.S.1    Weis, P.2
  • 108
    • 0028984757 scopus 로고
    • Effects of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) pressure treated wood in the aquatic environment
    • Weis J.S., Weis P. Effects of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) pressure treated wood in the aquatic environment. Ambio. 24:1995;269-274.
    • (1995) Ambio , vol.24 , pp. 269-274
    • Weis, J.S.1    Weis, P.2
  • 109
    • 0029669658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of using wood treated with chromated copper arsenate in shallow-water environments: A review
    • Weis J.S., Weis P. The effects of using wood treated with chromated copper arsenate in shallow-water environments: a review. Estuaries. 19:1996;306-310.
    • (1996) Estuaries , vol.19 , pp. 306-310
    • Weis, J.S.1    Weis, P.2
  • 111
    • 0032905111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accumulation of metals in consumers associated with chromated copper arsenate-treated wood panels
    • Weis P., Weis J.S. Accumulation of metals in consumers associated with chromated copper arsenate-treated wood panels. Marine Environmental Research. 48:1999;73-81.
    • (1999) Marine Environmental Research , vol.48 , pp. 73-81
    • Weis, P.1    Weis, J.S.2
  • 113
    • 0026544161 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of construction materials in the marine environment: A comparison of chromated-copper-arsenate-treated wood and recycled plastic
    • Weis P., Weis J.S., Greenberg A., Nosker T.J. Toxicity of construction materials in the marine environment: a comparison of chromated-copper-arsenate-treated wood and recycled plastic. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 22:1992;99-106.
    • (1992) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , vol.22 , pp. 99-106
    • Weis, P.1    Weis, J.S.2    Greenberg, A.3    Nosker, T.J.4
  • 116
    • 0025922121 scopus 로고
    • Effects of copper, chromium and nickel on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll-A synthesis of chlorella-pyrenoidosa-251
    • Wong P., Chang L. Effects of copper, chromium and nickel on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll-A synthesis of chlorella-pyrenoidosa-251. Environmental Pollution. 72:1991;127-139.
    • (1991) Environmental Pollution , vol.72 , pp. 127-139
    • Wong, P.1    Chang, L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.