메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 33, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 87-106

Integration of physiological responses of crustaceans to environmental challenge

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0002558588     PISSN: 15627020     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (150)
  • 1
    • 0028042676 scopus 로고
    • Exercise in the terrestrial Christmas Island red crab Gecarcoidea natalis. II. Energetics of locomotion
    • ADAMCZEWSKA, A.M. & MORRIS, S. 1994. Exercise in the terrestrial Christmas Island red crab Gecarcoidea natalis. II. Energetics of locomotion. J. exp. Biol. 188: 257-274.
    • (1994) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.188 , pp. 257-274
    • Adamczewska, A.M.1    Morris, S.2
  • 2
    • 0002534222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The respiratory gas transport, acid-base state, ion and metabolise status of the Christmas Island Blue Crab, Cardisoma hirtipes (Dana) assessed in situ with respect to immersion
    • ADAMCZEWSKA, A.M. & MORRIS, S. 1996. The respiratory gas transport, acid-base state, ion and metabolise status of the Christmas Island Blue Crab, Cardisoma hirtipes (Dana) assessed in situ with respect to immersion. Physiol. Zool. 69: 67-92.
    • (1996) Physiol. Zool. , vol.69 , pp. 67-92
    • Adamczewska, A.M.1    Morris, S.2
  • 3
    • 0030778865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of lungs and gills in an African freshwater crab Potamonautes warreni (Calman), (Decapoda, Potamoidea) in gas exchange with water, with air and during exercise
    • ADAMCZEWSKA, A.M., VAN AARDT W.J., & MORRIS, S. 1997. The role of lungs and gills in an African freshwater crab Potamonautes warreni (Calman), (Decapoda, Potamoidea) in gas exchange with water, with air and during exercise. J. Crust. Biol. 17: 596-608.
    • (1997) J. Crust. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 596-608
    • Adamczewska, A.M.1    Van Aardt, W.J.2    Morris, S.3
  • 5
    • 0000576836 scopus 로고
    • Aminergic modulation of circulatory performance in the crab, Cancer magister
    • Phylogenetic Models in Functional Coupling of the CNS and the Cardiovascular System. (Eds) Hill, R B., Kuwasawa, K., McMahon, B.R. & Kuramoto, T. Karger, Basel
    • AIRRIESS, C.N. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1992. Aminergic modulation of circulatory performance in the crab, Cancer magister. In: Phylogenetic Models in Functional Coupling of the CNS and the Cardiovascular System. (Eds) Hill, R B., Kuwasawa, K., McMahon, B.R. & Kuramoto, T. Comp. Physiol., Vol. 11. Karger, Basel, pp. 123-131.
    • (1992) Comp. Physiol. , vol.11 , pp. 123-131
    • Airriess, C.N.1    Mcmahon, B.R.2
  • 6
    • 0027975377 scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular adaptations enhance tolerance of environmental hypoxia in the crab Cancer magister
    • AIRRIESS, C.N. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1994. Cardiovascular adaptations enhance tolerance of environmental hypoxia in the crab Cancer magister. J. exp. Biol. 190: 23-41.
    • (1994) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.190 , pp. 23-41
    • Airriess, C.N.1    Mcmahon, B.R.2
  • 7
    • 5844426921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term emersion affects cardiac function and regional haemolymph distribution in the crab Cancer magister
    • AIRRIESS, C.N. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1996. Short-term emersion affects cardiac function and regional haemolymph distribution in the crab Cancer magister. J. exp. Biol. 199: 569-578.
    • (1996) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.199 , pp. 569-578
    • Airriess, C.N.1    Mcmahon, B.R.2
  • 8
    • 0000664125 scopus 로고
    • The innervation of the heart of the Crustacea. I. Decapoda
    • ALEXANDROWICZ, J.S. 1932. The innervation of the heart of the Crustacea. I. Decapoda. Quart. J. microscop. Sci. 75: 181-249.
    • (1932) Quart. J. Microscop. Sci. , vol.75 , pp. 181-249
    • Alexandrowicz, J.S.1
  • 9
    • 0001645757 scopus 로고
    • Nervous organs in the pericardial cavity of the decapod Crustacea
    • ALEXANDROWICZ, J.S. 1953. Nervous organs in the pericardial cavity of the decapod Crustacea. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K 31: 563-580.
    • (1953) J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K , vol.31 , pp. 563-580
    • Alexandrowicz, J.S.1
  • 11
    • 0018200405 scopus 로고
    • Targets of octopamine action in the lobster: Cyclic nucleotide changes and physiological effects in hemolymph, heart, and exoskeletal muscle
    • BATTELLE, B.A. & KRAVITZ, E.A. 1978. Targets of octopamine action in the lobster: Cyclic nucleotide changes and physiological effects in hemolymph, heart, and exoskeletal muscle. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 205: 438-448.
    • (1978) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.205 , pp. 438-448
    • Battelle, B.A.1    Kravitz, E.A.2
  • 12
    • 0007693470 scopus 로고
    • Das Gefäßsystem von Astacus fluviatilis (Potamobius astacus L.)
    • BAUMANN, H. 1921. Das Gefäßsystem von Astacus fluviatilis (Potamobius astacus L.). Z. wiss. Zool. 118: 246-312.
    • (1921) Z. Wiss. Zool. , vol.118 , pp. 246-312
    • Baumann, H.1
  • 13
    • 0343552011 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the circulatory physiology of the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus
    • BELMAN, B.W. 1975. Some aspects of the circulatory physiology of the spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus. Mar. Biol. 29: 295-305.
    • (1975) Mar. Biol. , vol.29 , pp. 295-305
    • Belman, B.W.1
  • 14
    • 0022502694 scopus 로고
    • Aminergic and peptidergic neuromodulation in crustacea
    • BELTZ, B.S. & KRAVITZ, E.A. 1986. Aminergic and peptidergic neuromodulation in crustacea. J. exp. Biol. 124: 115-141.
    • (1986) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.124 , pp. 115-141
    • Beltz, B.S.1    Kravitz, E.A.2
  • 15
    • 0021356426 scopus 로고
    • Octopamine alters rhythmic activity in the isolated cardiac ganglion of the crab, Portunus sanguinolentus
    • BENSON, J.A. 1984. Octopamine alters rhythmic activity in the isolated cardiac ganglion of the crab, Portunus sanguinolentus. Neurosci. Let. 44: 59-64.
    • (1984) Neurosci. Let. , vol.44 , pp. 59-64
    • Benson, J.A.1
  • 16
    • 0008926346 scopus 로고
    • Feedback from motor neurones to pacemaker neurones in lobster cardiac ganglion contributes to regulation of burst frequency
    • BERLIND, A. 1989. Feedback from motor neurones to pacemaker neurones in lobster cardiac ganglion contributes to regulation of burst frequency. J. exp. Biol. 141: 277-294.
    • (1989) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.141 , pp. 277-294
    • Berlind, A.1
  • 17
    • 0025342803 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic AMP as a modulator of NaCl transport in gills of the euryhaline Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis
    • BLANCHINI, A. & GILLES, R. 1990. Cyclic AMP as a modulator of NaCl transport in gills of the euryhaline Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis. Mar. Biol. 104: 191-195.
    • (1990) Mar. Biol. , vol.104 , pp. 191-195
    • Blanchini, A.1    Gilles, R.2
  • 18
    • 0342947278 scopus 로고
    • Control of cardiac output and its distribution in crustacean open circulatory systems
    • BOURNE, G.B. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1989. Control of cardiac output and its distribution in crustacean open circulatory systems. J. Physiol. 418: 134pp.
    • (1989) J. Physiol. , vol.418
    • Bourne, G.B.1    Mcmahon, B.R.2
  • 19
    • 0001629198 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory pigments: Interactions between oxygen and carbon dioxide transport
    • BRIDGES, C.R. & MORRIS, S. 1989. Respiratory pigments: interactions between oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. Can. J. Zool. 67: 2971-2985.
    • (1989) Can. J. Zool. , vol.67 , pp. 2971-2985
    • Bridges, C.R.1    Morris, S.2
  • 20
    • 0000831706 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of scaphognathite pumping performance in the crayfish Orconectes virilis: Compensatory changes to acute and chronic hypoxic exposure
    • BURGGREN, W. W. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1983. An analysis of scaphognathite pumping performance in the crayfish Orconectes virilis: Compensatory changes to acute and chronic hypoxic exposure. Physiol. Zool. 56: 309-318.
    • (1983) Physiol. Zool. , vol.56 , pp. 309-318
    • Burggren, W.W.1    Mcmahon, B.R.2
  • 21
    • 0342368444 scopus 로고
    • Integrated function of the respiratory pigment hemocyanin in crabs
    • BURNETT, L.E. 1992. Integrated function of the respiratory pigment hemocyanin in crabs. Amer. Zool. 32: 438-446.
    • (1992) Amer. Zool. , vol.32 , pp. 438-446
    • Burnett, L.E.1
  • 22
    • 0344205635 scopus 로고
    • The physiological properties and function of ventilatory pauses in the crab Cancer pagurus
    • BURNETT, L.E. & BRIDGES, C.R. 1981. The physiological properties and function of ventilatory pauses in the crab Cancer pagurus. J. Comp. Physiol. B. 145: 81-88.
    • (1981) J. Comp. Physiol. B. , vol.145 , pp. 81-88
    • Burnett, L.E.1    Bridges, C.R.2
  • 23
    • 0021416143 scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine control of hydromineral regulation in the American lobster, Homarus americanus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) (Crustacea, Decapoda). 1. Juveniles
    • CHARMANTIER, G., CHARMANTIER-DAURES, M.& AIKEN, D.E. 1984. Neuroendocrine control of hydromineral regulation in the American lobster, Homarus americanus (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) (Crustacea, Decapoda). 1. Juveniles. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 54: 8-19.
    • (1984) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.54 , pp. 8-19
    • Charmantier, G.1    Charmantier-Daures, M.2    Aiken, D.E.3
  • 24
    • 0029557147 scopus 로고
    • Matrix of neuromodulators in neurosecretory structures of the crab Cancer borealis
    • CHRISTIE, A.E, SKIEBE, P. & MARDER, E. 1995. Matrix of neuromodulators in neurosecretory structures of the crab Cancer borealis. J. exp. Biol. 198: 2431-2439.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 2431-2439
    • Christie, A.E.1    Skiebe, P.2    Marder, E.3
  • 25
    • 0023686227 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the crustacean cardiac ganglion
    • COOKE, I.M. 1988. Studies on the crustacean cardiac ganglion. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 91C: 205-218.
    • (1988) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.91 C , pp. 205-218
    • Cooke, I.M.1
  • 26
    • 0014888041 scopus 로고
    • Fluorescence localization of monoamines in crab neurosecretory structures
    • COOKE, I.M. & GOLDSTONE, M.W. 1970. Fluorescence localization of monoamines in crab neurosecretory structures. J. exp. Biol. 53: 651-668.
    • (1970) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.53 , pp. 651-668
    • Cooke, I.M.1    Goldstone, M.W.2
  • 27
    • 0000031989 scopus 로고
    • Hormones and neurosecretion
    • (eds. H.L. Atwood, D.C. Sandeman and D.E. Bliss), Academic Press, New York
    • COOKE, I.M. & SULLIVAN, R.E. 1982. Hormones and neurosecretion. In: The Biology of Crustacea, vol. 3, (eds. H.L. Atwood, D.C. Sandeman and D.E. Bliss), pp. 205-290. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1982) The Biology of Crustacea , vol.3 , pp. 205-290
    • Cooke, I.M.1    Sullivan, R.E.2
  • 28
    • 0030969535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Osmotic and ionic regulation by Leptograpsus variegatus during hyposaline exposure and in response to emersion
    • COOPER, A R. & MORRIS, S. 1997. Osmotic and ionic regulation by Leptograpsus variegatus during hyposaline exposure and in response to emersion. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 214: 263-282.
    • (1997) J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , vol.214 , pp. 263-282
    • Cooper, A.R.1    Morris, S.2
  • 29
    • 0028829943 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and expression of two mRNA's encoding structurally different crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursors in the lobster Homarus americanus
    • DE KLEIJN, D.P.V., LEEUW, E.P.H., VAN DEN BERG, M.C., MARTENS, G.J.M. & VAN HERP, F. 1995. Cloning and expression of two mRNA's encoding structurally different crustacean hyperglycemic hormone precursors in the lobster Homarus americanus. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1260: 62-66.
    • (1995) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. , vol.1260 , pp. 62-66
    • De Kleijn, D.P.V.1    Leeuw, E.P.H.2    Van Den Berg, M.C.3    Martens, G.J.M.4    Van Herp, F.5
  • 30
    • 0029890143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temperature effects on heart performance and regional hemolymph flow in the crab Cancer magister
    • DEWACHTER, B. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1996a. Temperature effects on heart performance and regional hemolymph flow in the crab Cancer magister. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 114A: 27-33.
    • (1996) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.114 A , pp. 27-33
    • Dewachter, B.1    Mcmahon, B.R.2
  • 31
    • 5844378339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haemolymph flow distribution, cardiac performance and ventilation during moderate walking activity in Cancer magister (Dana) (Decapoda, Crustacea)
    • DEWACHTER, B. & MCMAHON B.R. 1996b. Haemolymph flow distribution, cardiac performance and ventilation during moderate walking activity in Cancer magister (Dana) (Decapoda, Crustacea). J. exp. Biol. 199: 627-633.
    • (1996) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.199 , pp. 627-633
    • Dewachter, B.1    Mcmahon, B.R.2
  • 32
    • 0030977219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anaerobic endproduct lactate has a behavioural and metabolic signalling function in the shore crab Carcinus maenas
    • DEWACHTER, B., SARTORIS, F-J. & PÖRTNER, H-O. 1997. The anaerobic endproduct lactate has a behavioural and metabolic signalling function in the shore crab Carcinus maenas. J. exp. Biol. 200: 1015-1024.
    • (1997) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.200 , pp. 1015-1024
    • Dewachter, B.1    Sartoris, F.-J.2    Pörtner, H.-O.3
  • 33
    • 0029800991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of temperature effects on heart performance of the Dungeness crab. Cancer magister, in vitro and in vivo
    • DEWACHTER, B. & WILKENS, J.L. 1996. Comparison of temperature effects on heart performance of the Dungeness crab. Cancer magister, in vitro and in vivo. Biol. Bull. 190: 385-395.
    • (1996) Biol. Bull. , vol.190 , pp. 385-395
    • Dewachter, B.1    Wilkens, J.L.2
  • 34
    • 0031019552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitter interactions in the stomatogastric system of the spiny lobster: One peptide alters the response of a central pattern generator to a second peptide
    • DICKINSON, P.S., FAIRFIELD, W.P., HETLING, J.R. & HAUPTMAN, J. 1997. Neurotransmitter interactions in the stomatogastric system of the spiny lobster: One peptide alters the response of a central pattern generator to a second peptide. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 599-610.
    • (1997) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.77 , pp. 599-610
    • Dickinson, P.S.1    Fairfield, W.P.2    Hetling, J.R.3    Hauptman, J.4
  • 35
    • 0000234975 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural temperature regulation by aquatic ectotherms during hypoxia
    • DUPRÉ, R.K. & WOOD, S.C. 1988. Behavioural temperature regulation by aquatic ectotherms during hypoxia. Can. J. Zool. 66: 2649-2652.
    • (1988) Can. J. Zool. , vol.66 , pp. 2649-2652
    • Dupré, R.K.1    Wood, S.C.2
  • 36
    • 0026027788 scopus 로고
    • Purinolytic capacity and origin of hemolymph urate in Carcinus maenas during hypoxia
    • DYKENS, J.A. 1991. Purinolytic capacity and origin of hemolymph urate in Carcinus maenas during hypoxia. Camp. Biochem. Physiol. 98B: 579-582.
    • (1991) Camp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.98 B , pp. 579-582
    • Dykens, J.A.1
  • 37
    • 0029128248 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of osmoregulating processes in the perfused gill of the crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea, Decapoda) by a sinus gland peptide
    • ECKHARDT, E., PIERROT, C., THUET, P., VAN HERP, F., CHARMANTIER-DAURES, M., TRILLES, J.P. & CHARMANTIER, G. 1995. Stimulation of osmoregulating processes in the perfused gill of the crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Crustacea, Decapoda) by a sinus gland peptide. Gen. Comp. End. 99: 169-177.
    • (1995) Gen. Comp. End. , vol.99 , pp. 169-177
    • Eckhardt, E.1    Pierrot, C.2    Thuet, P.3    Van Herp, F.4    Charmantier-Daures, M.5    Trilles, J.P.6    Charmantier, G.7
  • 38
    • 0017166662 scopus 로고
    • Octopamine release at two points along lobster nerve trunks
    • EVANS, P.D., KRAVITZ, E.A. & TALAMO, B.R. 1976. Octopamine release at two points along lobster nerve trunks. J. Physiol. 262: 71-89.
    • (1976) J. Physiol. , vol.262 , pp. 71-89
    • Evans, P.D.1    Kravitz, E.A.2    Talamo, B.R.3
  • 39
    • 0018132580 scopus 로고
    • The effects of octopamine and other amines on the heart and on neuromuscular transmission in decapod crustaceans: Further evidence for a role as neurohormone
    • FLOREY, E. & RATHMAYER, M. 1978. The effects of octopamine and other amines on the heart and on neuromuscular transmission in decapod crustaceans: Further evidence for a role as neurohormone. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 61C: 229-237.
    • (1978) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.61 C , pp. 229-237
    • Florey, E.1    Rathmayer, M.2
  • 42
    • 0031149892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • D-Glucose-sensitive neurosecretory cells of the crab Cancer borealis and negative feedback regulation of blood glucose level
    • GLOWIK, R.M., GOLOWASCH, J., KELLER, R. & MARDER, E. 1997. D-Glucose-sensitive neurosecretory cells of the crab Cancer borealis and negative feedback regulation of blood glucose level. J. exp. Biol. 200: 1421-1431.
    • (1997) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.200 , pp. 1421-1431
    • Glowik, R.M.1    Golowasch, J.2    Keller, R.3    Marder, E.4
  • 43
    • 0000921741 scopus 로고
    • Ion and water balance
    • (Eds) W.W. Burggren and B.R. McMahon, Cambridge University Press, New York
    • GREENAWAY, P. 1988. Ion and water balance. In: Biology of the land crabs. (Eds) W.W. Burggren and B.R. McMahon, Cambridge University Press, New York. pp. 211-248.
    • (1988) Biology of the Land Crabs , pp. 211-248
    • Greenaway, P.1
  • 44
    • 0028005250 scopus 로고
    • Salt and water balance in field populations of the terrestrial crab Gecarcoidea natalis
    • GREENAWAY, P. 1994. Salt and water balance in field populations of the terrestrial crab Gecarcoidea natalis. J. Crust. Biol. 14: 438-453.
    • (1994) J. Crust. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 438-453
    • Greenaway, P.1
  • 45
    • 0030444021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air breathing by the purple shore crab Hemigrapsus nudus (Dana) I. Morphology, behaviour and respiratory gas exchange
    • GREENAWAY, P., MORRIS, S., MCMAHON, B.R., FARRELLY, C.A. & GALLAGHER, K. 1996. Air breathing by the purple shore crab Hemigrapsus nudus (Dana) I. Morphology, behaviour and respiratory gas exchange. Physiol. Zool. 69: 785-805.
    • (1996) Physiol. Zool. , vol.69 , pp. 785-805
    • Greenaway, P.1    Morris, S.2    Mcmahon, B.R.3    Farrelly, C.A.4    Gallagher, K.5
  • 46
    • 0029109374 scopus 로고
    • The role of the cardioregulatory nerves in mediating heart rate responses to locomotion, reduced stroke volume, and neurohormones in Homarus americanus
    • GUIRGUIS, M.S. & WILKENS, J.L. 1995. The role of the cardioregulatory nerves in mediating heart rate responses to locomotion, reduced stroke volume, and neurohormones in Homarus americanus. Biol. Bull. 188: 179-185.
    • (1995) Biol. Bull. , vol.188 , pp. 179-185
    • Guirguis, M.S.1    Wilkens, J.L.2
  • 47
    • 0028835913 scopus 로고
    • Dopamine modulation of transient potassium current evokes phase shifts in a central pattern generator network
    • HARRIS-WARRICK, R.M., CONIGLIO, L.M., BARAZANGI, N., GUCKENHEIMER, J. & GUERON, S. 1995. Dopamine modulation of transient potassium current evokes phase shifts in a central pattern generator network. J. Neurosci. 15: 342-358.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. , vol.15 , pp. 342-358
    • Harris-Warrick, R.M.1    Coniglio, L.M.2    Barazangi, N.3    Guckenheimer, J.4    Gueron, S.5
  • 48
    • 0029951674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatio-temporal dynamics of cyclic AMP signals in an intact neural circuit
    • HEMPEL, C.M., VINCENT, P., ADAMS, S.R., TSIEN, R.Y. & SELVERSTON, A.I. 1996. Spatio-temporal dynamics of cyclic AMP signals in an intact neural circuit. Nature 384: 166-169.
    • (1996) Nature , vol.384 , pp. 166-169
    • Hempel, C.M.1    Vincent, P.2    Adams, S.R.3    Tsien, R.Y.4    Selverston, A.I.5
  • 49
    • 0030038889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of proctolin and related analogues on inositol phosphate production in the foregut of the locust Schistocerca gregaria
    • HINTON, J.M. & OSBORNE, R.H. 1996. Effects of proctolin and related analogues on inositol phosphate production in the foregut of the locust Schistocerca gregaria. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 26: 111-117.
    • (1996) Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. , vol.26 , pp. 111-117
    • Hinton, J.M.1    Osborne, R.H.2
  • 50
    • 0024433741 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen sensitive chemoreceptors in the branchio-cardiac veins of the crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus
    • ISHII, K., ISHII, K., MASSABUAU, J.C. & DEJOURS, P. 1989. Oxygen sensitive chemoreceptors in the branchio-cardiac veins of the crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus. Resp. Physiol. 78: 73-81.
    • (1989) Resp. Physiol. , vol.78 , pp. 73-81
    • Ishii, K.1    Ishii, K.2    Massabuau, J.C.3    Dejours, P.4
  • 51
    • 0001088631 scopus 로고
    • Circadian rhythmicity of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) in the hemolymph of the crayfish
    • KALLEN, J.L., ABRAHAMSE, S.L. & VAN HERP, F. 1990. Circadian rhythmicity of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) in the hemolymph of the crayfish. Biol. Bull. 179: 351-357.
    • (1990) Biol. Bull. , vol.179 , pp. 351-357
    • Kallen, J.L.1    Abrahamse, S.L.2    Van Herp, F.3
  • 52
    • 77957207346 scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrinology of osmoregulation in decapod species
    • KAMEMOTO, F.I. 1976. Neuroendocrinology of osmoregulation in decapod species. Amer. Zool. 16: 141-150.
    • (1976) Amer. Zool. , vol.16 , pp. 141-150
    • Kamemoto, F.I.1
  • 53
    • 0014501910 scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine regulation of salt and water balance in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii
    • KAMEMOTO, F.I. & ONO, J.K. 1969. Neuroendocrine regulation of salt and water balance in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 29: 393-401.
    • (1969) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.29 , pp. 393-401
    • Kamemoto, F.I.1    Ono, J.K.2
  • 54
    • 0026663852 scopus 로고
    • Crustacean neuropeptides: Structures, functions, and comparative aspects
    • KELLER, R. 1992. Crustacean neuropeptides: structures, functions, and comparative aspects. Experientia, 48: 439-448.
    • (1992) Experientia , vol.48 , pp. 439-448
    • Keller, R.1
  • 55
    • 0015834187 scopus 로고
    • The site of action of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone
    • KELLER, R. & ANDREW, E.M. 1973. The site of action of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 20: 572-578.
    • (1973) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.20 , pp. 572-578
    • Keller, R.1    Andrew, E.M.2
  • 56
    • 77957213030 scopus 로고
    • Crustacean hyperglycemic neuropeptides
    • KELLER, R., JAROS, P.P. & KEGEL, G. 1985. Crustacean hyperglycemic neuropeptides. Am. Zool. 25: 207-221.
    • (1985) Am. Zool. , vol.25 , pp. 207-221
    • Keller, R.1    Jaros, P.P.2    Kegel, G.3
  • 57
    • 0001036893 scopus 로고
    • A neuroanatomical and electro-physiological analysis of nervous regulation in the heart of an isopod crustacean, Bathynomus doederleini
    • KIHARA, A. & KUWASAWA, K. 1984. A neuroanatomical and electro-physiological analysis of nervous regulation in the heart of an isopod crustacean, Bathynomus doederleini. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 154: 883-894.
    • (1984) J. Comp. Physiol. A. , vol.154 , pp. 883-894
    • Kihara, A.1    Kuwasawa, K.2
  • 58
    • 0000574979 scopus 로고
    • Neural control of the cardio-arterial valves in an isopod crustacean, Bathynomus doederleini: Excitatory and inhibitory junctional potentials
    • KIHARA, A., KUWASAWA, K. & YAZAWA, T. 1985. Neural control of the cardio-arterial valves in an isopod crustacean, Bathynomus doederleini: excitatory and inhibitory junctional potentials. J. Comp. Physiol. A. 157: 529-536.
    • (1985) J. Comp. Physiol. A. , vol.157 , pp. 529-536
    • Kihara, A.1    Kuwasawa, K.2    Yazawa, T.3
  • 59
    • 0346424347 scopus 로고
    • Studies in the regulation of blood-sugar concentration in crustaceans. II. Experimental hyperglycemia and the regulatory mechanisms
    • KLEINHOLZ, L.H., HAVEL, V.J. & REICHART, R. 1950. Studies in the regulation of blood-sugar concentration in crustaceans. II. Experimental hyperglycemia and the regulatory mechanisms. Biol. Bull. 99: 454-468.
    • (1950) Biol. Bull. , vol.99 , pp. 454-468
    • Kleinholz, L.H.1    Havel, V.J.2    Reichart, R.3
  • 60
    • 0027403018 scopus 로고
    • High-affinity binding of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) to hepatopancreatic plasma membranes of the crab Carcinus maenas and the crayfish Orconectes limosus
    • KUMMER, G. & KELLER, R. 1993. High-affinity binding of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) to hepatopancreatic plasma membranes of the crab Carcinus maenas and the crayfish Orconectes limosus. Peptides. 14: 103-108.
    • (1993) Peptides , vol.14 , pp. 103-108
    • Kummer, G.1    Keller, R.2
  • 61
    • 0000419123 scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycaemic effects of dopamine in tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon
    • KUO, C.M., HSU, C.R. & LIN, C.Y. 1995. Hyperglycaemic effects of dopamine in tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture. 135: 161-172.
    • (1995) Aquaculture , vol.135 , pp. 161-172
    • Kuo, C.M.1    Hsu, C.R.2    Lin, C.Y.3
  • 62
    • 0021226847 scopus 로고
    • Neurohormonal modulation of the cardiac outflow through the cardioarterial valve in the lobster
    • KURAMOTO, T. & EBARA, A. 1984. Neurohormonal modulation of the cardiac outflow through the cardioarterial valve in the lobster. J. exp. Biol. 111: 123-130.
    • (1984) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.111 , pp. 123-130
    • Kuramoto, T.1    Ebara, A.2
  • 63
    • 0001390339 scopus 로고
    • Contraction of flap muscle in the cardioarterial valve of Panulirus japonicus
    • KURAMOTO, T. & EBARA. A. 1989. Contraction of flap muscle in the cardioarterial valve of Panulirus japonicus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 93A: 419-422.
    • (1989) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.93 A , pp. 419-422
    • Kuramoto, T.1    Ebara, A.2
  • 64
    • 0001598132 scopus 로고
    • Combined effects of octopamine and filling pressure on the isolated heart of the lobster, Panulirus japonicus
    • KURAMOTO, T. & EBARA, A. 1991. Combined effects of octopamine and filling pressure on the isolated heart of the lobster, Panulirus japonicus. J. Comp. Physiol. B. 161: 339-347.
    • (1991) J. Comp. Physiol. B. , vol.161 , pp. 339-347
    • Kuramoto, T.1    Ebara, A.2
  • 65
    • 0028130780 scopus 로고
    • Cooling-induced activation of the pericardial organs of the spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus
    • KURAMOTO, T. & TANI, M. 1994. Cooling-induced activation of the pericardial organs of the spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus. Biol. Bull. 186:319-327.
    • (1994) Biol. Bull. , vol.186 , pp. 319-327
    • Kuramoto, T.1    Tani, M.2
  • 66
    • 0001933945 scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular transmission and hormonal modulation in the cardioarterial valve of the lobster, Homarus americanus
    • (eds. R.B. Hill, K. Kuwasawa, B.R. McMahon and T. Kuramoto), Karger, Basel, Switzerland
    • KURAMOTO, T., HIROSE, E. & TANI, M. 1992. Neuromuscular transmission and hormonal modulation in the cardioarterial valve of the lobster, Homarus americanus. In: Comp. Physiol., vol. 11, (eds. R.B. Hill, K. Kuwasawa, B.R. McMahon and T. Kuramoto), pp. 62-69. Karger, Basel, Switzerland.
    • (1992) Comp. Physiol. , vol.11 , pp. 62-69
    • Kuramoto, T.1    Hirose, E.2    Tani, M.3
  • 67
    • 0028795942 scopus 로고
    • Neural control of cardiac outflow through the sternal valve in the lobster Homarus americanus
    • KURAMOTO, T., WILKENS, J.L. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1995. Neural control of cardiac outflow through the sternal valve in the lobster Homarus americanus. Physiol. Zool. 68: 443-452.
    • (1995) Physiol. Zool. , vol.68 , pp. 443-452
    • Kuramoto, T.1    Wilkens, J.L.2    Mcmahon, B.R.3
  • 68
    • 0000592742 scopus 로고
    • The effect of ambient oxygen tension on haemolymph L-lactate and urate concentrations in the shore crab Carcinus maenas
    • LALLIER, F., BOITEL, F. & TRUCHOT, J.P. 1987. The effect of ambient oxygen tension on haemolymph L-lactate and urate concentrations in the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 86A: 255-260.
    • (1987) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.86 A , pp. 255-260
    • Lallier, F.1    Boitel, F.2    Truchot, J.P.3
  • 69
    • 0000752570 scopus 로고
    • Cyclic adenosine monophosphate mediation of peptide neurohormone effects on the lobster cardiac ganglion
    • LEMOS, J.R. & BERLIND, A. 1981. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate mediation of peptide neurohormone effects on the lobster cardiac ganglion. J. exp. Biol. 90: 307-326.
    • (1981) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.90 , pp. 307-326
    • Lemos, J.R.1    Berlind, A.2
  • 70
    • 0000252642 scopus 로고
    • The modulatory action of dopamine on crustacean foregut neuromuscular preparations
    • LINGLE, C. 1981. The modulatory action of dopamine on crustacean foregut neuromuscular preparations. J. exp. Biol. 94: 285-299.
    • (1981) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.94 , pp. 285-299
    • Lingle, C.1
  • 71
    • 0019350067 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry and ultrastructure of serotonergic nerve endings in the lobster: Serotonin and octopamine are contained in different nerve endings
    • LIVINGSTONE, D.R., SCHAEFFER, S.F. & KRAVITZ, E.A. 1981. Biochemistry and ultrastructure of serotonergic nerve endings in the lobster: Serotonin and octopamine are contained in different nerve endings. J. Neurobiol. 12: 27-54.
    • (1981) J. Neurobiol. , vol.12 , pp. 27-54
    • Livingstone, D.R.1    Schaeffer, S.F.2    Kravitz, E.A.3
  • 72
    • 0023133202 scopus 로고
    • The effect of dibutyryl cAMP on sodium uptake by isolated perfused gills of Callinectes sapidus
    • LOHRMANN, D.M. & KAMEMOTO, F.I. 1987. The effect of dibutyryl cAMP on sodium uptake by isolated perfused gills of Callinectes sapidus. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 65: 300-305.
    • (1987) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.65 , pp. 300-305
    • Lohrmann, D.M.1    Kamemoto, F.I.2
  • 73
    • 0027164435 scopus 로고
    • The role of biogenic amines in the control of blood glucose level in the decapod crustacean, Carcinus maenas
    • LÜSCHEN, W., WILLIG, A. & JAROS, P.P. 1993. The role of biogenic amines in the control of blood glucose level in the decapod crustacean, Carcinus maenas. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 105C: 291-296.
    • (1993) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.105 C , pp. 291-296
    • Lüschen, W.1    Willig, A.2    Jaros, P.P.3
  • 74
    • 0002666128 scopus 로고
    • Neurohormonal integration of osmotic and ionic regulation
    • MANTEL, L.H. 1985. Neurohormonal integration of osmotic and ionic regulation. Amer. Zool., 25: 253-263.
    • (1985) Amer. Zool. , vol.25 , pp. 253-263
    • Mantel, L.H.1
  • 75
    • 84986705590 scopus 로고
    • Morphological comparison of major arteries in the ridgeback prawn, Sicyonia ingentis
    • MARTIN, G.G., HOSE, J.E. & CORZINE, C.J. 1989. Morphological comparison of major arteries in the ridgeback prawn, Sicyonia ingentis. J. Morphol. 200: 175-183.
    • (1989) J. Morphol. , vol.200 , pp. 175-183
    • Martin, G.G.1    Hose, J.E.2    Corzine, C.J.3
  • 76
    • 0029887281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of a neural network by physiological levels of oxygen in lobster stomatogastric ganglion
    • MASSABUAU, J-C. & MEYRAND, P. 1996. Modulation of a neural network by physiological levels of oxygen in lobster stomatogastric ganglion. J. Neurosci. 16: 3950-3959.
    • (1996) J. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 3950-3959
    • Massabuau, J.-C.1    Meyrand, P.2
  • 77
    • 0002415830 scopus 로고
    • Circulation and heart function
    • (ed. T.H. Waterman), Academic Press, New York
    • MAYNARD, D.M. 1960. Circulation and heart function. In: The Physiology of Crustacea, vol. 1 (ed. T.H. Waterman), pp. 161-226. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1960) The Physiology of Crustacea , vol.1 , pp. 161-226
    • Maynard, D.M.1
  • 78
    • 0027950539 scopus 로고
    • Peptidergic modulation of cardiovascular dynamics in the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister
    • MCGAW, I.J., AIRRIESS, C.N. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1994a. Peptidergic modulation of cardiovascular dynamics in the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister. J. Comp. Physiol. B. 164: 103-111.
    • (1994) J. Comp. Physiol. B. , vol.164 , pp. 103-111
    • Mcgaw, I.J.1    Airriess, C.N.2    Mcmahon, B.R.3
  • 79
    • 0003035921 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of haemolymph flow variation in decapod crustaceans
    • MCGAW, I.J., AIRRIESS, C.N. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1994b. Patterns of haemolymph flow variation in decapod crustaceans. Mar. Biol. 121: 53-60.
    • (1994) Mar. Biol. , vol.121 , pp. 53-60
    • Mcgaw, I.J.1    Airriess, C.N.2    Mcmahon, B.R.3
  • 80
    • 8044235633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular responses resulting from variation in external salinity in the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister
    • MCGAW, I.J. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1996. Cardiovascular responses resulting from variation in external salinity in the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister. Physiol. Zool. 69: 1384-1401.
    • (1996) Physiol. Zool. , vol.69 , pp. 1384-1401
    • Mcgaw, I.J.1    Mcmahon, B.R.2
  • 81
    • 0029612170 scopus 로고
    • Crustacean cardioexcitatory peptides may inhibit the heart in vivo
    • MCGAW, I.J., WILKENS, J L., MCMAHON, B.R., & AIRRIESS, C.N. 1995. Crustacean cardioexcitatory peptides may inhibit the heart in vivo. J. exp. Biol. 198: 2547-2550.
    • (1995) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.198 , pp. 2547-2550
    • Mcgaw, I.J.1    Wilkens, J.L.2    Mcmahon, B.R.3    Airriess, C.N.4
  • 82
    • 77957212715 scopus 로고
    • Physiological responses to oxygen depletion in intertidal animals
    • MCMAHON, B.R. 1988. Physiological responses to oxygen depletion in intertidal animals. Am. Zool. 28: 39-53.
    • (1988) Am. Zool. , vol.28 , pp. 39-53
    • Mcmahon, B.R.1
  • 83
    • 0002834344 scopus 로고
    • Factors controlling the distribution of cardiac output in decapod crustaceans
    • (eds. R.B. Hill, K. Kuwasawa, B.R. McMahon and T. Kuramoto), Karger, Basel, Switzerland
    • MCMAHON, B.R. 1992. Factors controlling the distribution of cardiac output in decapod crustaceans. In: Comp. Physiol., vol 11, (eds. R.B. Hill, K. Kuwasawa, B.R. McMahon and T. Kuramoto), pp. 51-61. Karger, Basel, Switzerland.
    • (1992) Comp. Physiol. , vol.11 , pp. 51-61
    • Mcmahon, B.R.1
  • 84
    • 0343382763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swimming in Charybdis feriatus: Cardiovascular performance in a crustacean athlete
    • MCMAHON, B.R., AIRRIESS. C.N. & AIRRIESS, R.A. 1996. Swimming in Charybdis feriatus: Cardiovascular performance in a crustacean athlete. Am. Zool. 36: 63A.
    • (1996) Am. Zool. , vol.36
    • Mcmahon, B.R.1    Airriess, C.N.2    Airriess, R.A.3
  • 85
    • 0003053074 scopus 로고
    • Respiration
    • (Ed.) W.W. Burggren and B.R. McMahon. Cambridge University Press, New York
    • MCMAHON, BR. & BURGGREN, W.W. 1988. Respiration. In: Biology of the land crabs. (Ed.) W.W. Burggren and B.R. McMahon. Cambridge University Press, New York. pp. 249-297.
    • (1988) Biology of the Land Crabs , pp. 249-297
    • Mcmahon, B.R.1    Burggren, W.W.2
  • 86
    • 0021351254 scopus 로고
    • Excitatory effects of dopamine on the cardiac ganglia of the crabs Portunus sanguinolentus and Podophthalmus vigil
    • MILLER, M.W., BENSON, J.A. & BERLIND, A. 1984. Excitatory effects of dopamine on the cardiac ganglia of the crabs Portunus sanguinolentus and Podophthalmus vigil. J. exp. Biol. 108: 97-118.
    • (1984) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.108 , pp. 97-118
    • Miller, M.W.1    Benson, J.A.2    Berlind, A.3
  • 87
    • 0347685252 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of the heart of Cambarus
    • MILLER, W.S. 1895. The anatomy of the heart of Cambarus. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 10: 327-338.
    • (1895) Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. , vol.10 , pp. 327-338
    • Miller, W.S.1
  • 88
    • 0000160745 scopus 로고
    • Organic ions as modulators of respiratory pigment function during stress
    • MORRIS, S. 1990. Organic ions as modulators of respiratory pigment function during stress. Physiol. Zool., 63: 253-287.
    • (1990) Physiol. Zool. , vol.63 , pp. 253-287
    • Morris, S.1
  • 89
    • 0026379761 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory gas exchange and transport in crustaceans: Ecological determinants
    • MORRIS, S. 1991. Respiratory gas exchange and transport in crustaceans: Ecological determinants. Mem. Queensland Mus., 31: 241-261.
    • (1991) Mem. Queensland Mus. , vol.31 , pp. 241-261
    • Morris, S.1
  • 90
    • 21344476345 scopus 로고
    • Properties of respiratory pigments in bimodal breathing animals: Air and water breathing by fish and crustaceans
    • MORRIS, S. & BRIDGES, C.R. 1994. Properties of respiratory pigments in bimodal breathing animals: air and water breathing by fish and crustaceans. Amer. Zool. 34: 216-228.
    • (1994) Amer. Zool. , vol.34 , pp. 216-228
    • Morris, S.1    Bridges, C.R.2
  • 91
    • 0021806596 scopus 로고
    • A new role for uric acid: Modulator of haemocyanin oxygen affinity in crustaceans
    • MORRIS, S., BRIDGES, C.R. & GRIESHABER, M.K. 1985. A new role for uric acid: Modulator of haemocyanin oxygen affinity in crustaceans. J. Exp. Zool. 235: 135-139.
    • (1985) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.235 , pp. 135-139
    • Morris, S.1    Bridges, C.R.2    Grieshaber, M.K.3
  • 92
    • 0022494056 scopus 로고
    • The potentiating effect of purine bases and some of their derivatives on the oxygen affinity of haemocyanin from the crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes
    • MORRIS, S., BRIDGES. C.R. & GRIESHABER, M.K. 1986. The potentiating effect of purine bases and some of their derivatives on the oxygen affinity of haemocyanin from the crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes. J. Comp. Physiol, 156: 431-440.
    • (1986) J. Comp. Physiol , vol.156 , pp. 431-440
    • Morris, S.1    Bridges, C.R.2    Grieshaber, M.K.3
  • 93
    • 0242625759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemolymph respiratory gas, acid-base, and ion status of the amphibious purple shore crab Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius) during immersion and environmental hypoxia
    • MORRIS, S. & BUTLER, S.L. 1996. Hemolymph respiratory gas, acid-base, and ion status of the amphibious purple shore crab Leptograpsus variegatus (Fabricius) during immersion and environmental hypoxia. J. Crust. Biol. 162: 253-266.
    • (1996) J. Crust. Biol. , vol.162 , pp. 253-266
    • Morris, S.1    Butler, S.L.2
  • 94
    • 0029618203 scopus 로고
    • + ATPase activity in the amphibious purple shore crab Leptograpsus variegatus
    • + ATPase activity in the amphibious purple shore crab Leptograpsus variegatus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 112C: 129-136.
    • (1995) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.112 C , pp. 129-136
    • Morris, S.1    Edwards, T.2
  • 95
    • 0030473309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Air breathing by the purple shore crab, Hemigrapsus nudus (Dana). II. Respiratory gas and acid-base status in response to emersion
    • MORRIS, S., GREENAWAY, P. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1996. Air breathing by the purple shore crab, Hemigrapsus nudus (Dana). II. Respiratory gas and acid-base status in response to emersion. Physiol. Zool. 69: 806-838.
    • (1996) Physiol. Zool. , vol.69 , pp. 806-838
    • Morris, S.1    Greenaway, P.2    Mcmahon, B.R.3
  • 96
    • 0001028348 scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of hemocyanin oxygen affinity by catecholamines in the crab Cancer magister: A specific effect of dopamine
    • MORRIS, S. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1989. Potentiation of hemocyanin oxygen affinity by catecholamines in the crab Cancer magister: a specific effect of dopamine. Physiol. Zool., 62: 654-667.
    • (1989) Physiol. Zool. , vol.62 , pp. 654-667
    • Morris, S.1    Mcmahon, B.R.2
  • 97
    • 0000432451 scopus 로고
    • Adaptations to a terrestrial existence in the robber crab, Birgus latro L. VII. the branchial chamber and its role in urinary reprocessing
    • MORRIS, S., TAYLOR, H.H. & GREENAWAY, P. 1991 Adaptations to a terrestrial existence in the robber crab, Birgus latro L. VII. The branchial chamber and its role in urinary reprocessing. J. exp. Biol., 161: 315-331.
    • (1991) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.161 , pp. 315-331
    • Morris, S.1    Taylor, H.H.2    Greenaway, P.3
  • 98
    • 0021258601 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology of the octopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase of the locust and tick CNS
    • MORTON, D.B. 1984. Pharmacology of the octopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase of the locust and tick CNS. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 78C: 153-158.
    • (1984) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.78 C , pp. 153-158
    • Morton, D.B.1
  • 99
    • 0015930724 scopus 로고
    • Octopamine- Sensitive adenylate cyclase: Evidence for a biological role of octopamine in nervous tissue
    • NATHANSON, J.A. & GREENGARD, P. 1973. Octopamine- sensitive adenylate cyclase: Evidence for a biological role of octopamine in nervous tissue. Science. 180: 308-310.
    • (1973) Science , vol.180 , pp. 308-310
    • Nathanson, J.A.1    Greengard, P.2
  • 100
    • 0002231946 scopus 로고
    • Allosteric modulation of haemocyanin oxygen-affinity by L-lactate and urate in the lobster Homarus vulgaris. II. Characterization of specific effector binding sites
    • NIES, A., ZEIS, B., BRIDGES, C.R. & GRIESHABER, M.K. 1992. Allosteric modulation of haemocyanin oxygen-affinity by L-lactate and urate in the lobster Homarus vulgaris. II. Characterization of specific effector binding sites. J. exp. Biol. 168: 111-124.
    • (1992) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.168 , pp. 111-124
    • Nies, A.1    Zeis, B.2    Bridges, C.R.3    Grieshaber, M.K.4
  • 101
    • 0025286867 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of tension production by octopamine in the metathoracic dorsal longitudinal muscle of the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus
    • O'GARA, B.A. & DREWES, C.D. 1990. Modulation of tension production by octopamine in the metathoracic dorsal longitudinal muscle of the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. J. exp. Biol. 149: 161-176.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.149 , pp. 161-176
    • O'Gara, B.A.1    Drewes, C.D.2
  • 103
    • 0042986565 scopus 로고
    • Calmodulin as a modulator of NaCl transport in the posterior salt-transporting gills of the Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis
    • PEQUEUX, A. & GILLES, R. 1992. Calmodulin as a modulator of NaCl transport in the posterior salt-transporting gills of the Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis. Mar. Biol., 113: 65-69.
    • (1992) Mar. Biol. , vol.113 , pp. 65-69
    • Pequeux, A.1    Gilles, R.2
  • 105
    • 0021429880 scopus 로고
    • Neuromuscular modulation in Limulus by both octopamine and proctolin
    • RANE, S.G., GERLACH, P.H. & WYSE, G.A. 1984. Neuromuscular modulation in Limulus by both octopamine and proctolin. J. Neurobiol. 15: 207-220.
    • (1984) J. Neurobiol. , vol.15 , pp. 207-220
    • Rane, S.G.1    Gerlach, P.H.2    Wyse, G.A.3
  • 106
    • 0000096488 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamics of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii
    • REIBER, C.L. 1994. Hemodynamics of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Physiol. Zool. 67: 449-467.
    • (1994) Physiol. Zool. , vol.67 , pp. 449-467
    • Reiber, C.L.1
  • 107
    • 4243367838 scopus 로고
    • Physiological adaptations of crayfish to the hypoxic environment
    • REIBER, C.L. 1995. Physiological adaptations of crayfish to the hypoxic environment. Am. Zool. 35: 1-11.
    • (1995) Am. Zool. , vol.35 , pp. 1-11
    • Reiber, C.L.1
  • 108
    • 0030969658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 receptors and their effect on cardiorespiratory functions
    • 2 receptors and their effect on cardiorespiratory functions. J. Crust. Biol. 17: 197-206.
    • (1997) J. Crust. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 197-206
    • Reiber, C.L.1
  • 109
    • 4243740403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of cardiac and ventilatory function in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii
    • REIBER, C.L. 1997b. Ontogeny of cardiac and ventilatory function in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Am. Zool. 37: 82-91.
    • (1997) Am. Zool. , vol.37 , pp. 82-91
    • Reiber, C.L.1
  • 110
    • 0001933949 scopus 로고
    • Redistribution of cardiac output in response to hypoxia: A comparison of the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, and the lobster, Homarus americanus
    • (eds. R.B. Hill, K. Kuwasawa, B.R. McMahon and T. Kuramoto), Karger, Basel, Switzerland
    • REIBER, C.L., MCMAHON, B.R. & BURGGREN, W.W. 1992. Redistribution of cardiac output in response to hypoxia: A comparison of the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, and the lobster, Homarus americanus. In: Comp. Physiol., vol. 11, (eds. R.B. Hill, K. Kuwasawa, B.R. McMahon and T. Kuramoto), pp. 22-28. Karger, Basel, Switzerland.
    • (1992) Comp. Physiol. , vol.11 , pp. 22-28
    • Reiber, C.L.1    Mcmahon, B.R.2    Burggren, W.W.3
  • 111
    • 0028025943 scopus 로고
    • - across the gill epithelium of the Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis
    • - across the gill epithelium of the Chinese crab Eriocheir sinensis. J exp. Biol. 188: 159-174.
    • (1994) J Exp. Biol. , vol.188 , pp. 159-174
    • Riestenpatt, S.1    Zeiske, W.2    Onken, H.3
  • 112
    • 0014194314 scopus 로고
    • The vascular circulation in the brain, optic lobes and thoracic ganglia of the crab Carcinus
    • SANDEMAN, D.C. 1967. The vascular circulation in the brain, optic lobes and thoracic ganglia of the crab Carcinus. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B. 168: 82-90.
    • (1967) Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B. , vol.168 , pp. 82-90
    • Sandeman, D.C.1
  • 113
    • 0025655748 scopus 로고
    • Blood glucose changes in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun on transfer from sea water to air
    • SANTOS, E.A. & COLARES, E.P. 1990. Blood glucose changes in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus Rathbun on transfer from sea water to air. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 23: 333-335.
    • (1990) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 333-335
    • Santos, E.A.1    Colares, E.P.2
  • 114
    • 0027426109 scopus 로고
    • Effect of exposure to atmospheric air on blood glucose and lactate concentrations in two crustacean species: A role of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH)
    • SANTOS, E. A. & KELLER, R. 1993a. Effect of exposure to atmospheric air on blood glucose and lactate concentrations in two crustacean species: A role of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 106A: 343-347.
    • (1993) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.106 A , pp. 343-347
    • Santos, E.A.1    Keller, R.2
  • 115
    • 0001137771 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of circulating levels of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone: Evidence for a dual feedback control system
    • SANTOS, E.A. & KELLER, R. 1993b. Regulation of circulating levels of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone: Evidence for a dual feedback control system. J. Comp. Physiol. B. 163: 374-379.
    • (1993) J. Comp. Physiol. B. , vol.163 , pp. 374-379
    • Santos, E.A.1    Keller, R.2
  • 116
    • 0031187675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for the involvement of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone in the regulation of lipid metabolism
    • SANTOS, E.A., NERY, L.E.M., KELLER, R. & GONCALVES, A.A. 1997. Evidence for the involvement of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Physiol. Zool. 70:415-420.
    • (1997) Physiol. Zool. , vol.70 , pp. 415-420
    • Santos, E.A.1    Nery, L.E.M.2    Keller, R.3    Goncalves, A.A.4
  • 117
    • 0026271469 scopus 로고
    • The hemolymph of Chasmagnathus granulata Dana, 1851 (Decapoda - Grapsidae) as a target tissue of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone
    • SANTOS, E.A. & STEFANELLO, T.M. 1991. The hemolymph of Chasmagnathus granulata Dana, 1851 (Decapoda - Grapsidae) as a target tissue of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone. Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 24: 267-270.
    • (1991) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. , vol.24 , pp. 267-270
    • Santos, E.A.1    Stefanello, T.M.2
  • 118
    • 0028817076 scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic and enkephalinergic involvement in the regulation of blood glucose in the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii
    • SAROJINI, R., NAGABHUSHANAM, R. & FINGERMAN, M. 1995. Dopaminergic and enkephalinergic involvement in the regulation of blood glucose in the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. Gen. Comp. Encrinol. 97: 160-170.
    • (1995) Gen. Comp. Encrinol. , vol.97 , pp. 160-170
    • Sarojini, R.1    Nagabhushanam, R.2    Fingerman, M.3
  • 119
    • 0027442523 scopus 로고
    • Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of the intertidal crab Chasmagnathus granulata Dana, 1851 (Crustacea: Decapoda) during emersion
    • SCHMITT, A.S.C. & SANTOS, E.A. 1993. Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of the intertidal crab Chasmagnathus granulata Dana, 1851 (Crustacea: Decapoda) during emersion. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 106A: 329-336.
    • (1993) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.106 A , pp. 329-336
    • Schmitt, A.S.C.1    Santos, E.A.2
  • 120
    • 0011770196 scopus 로고
    • The role of hepatopancreatic glycogen in the action of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone CHH
    • SEDLMEIER, D. 1987. The role of hepatopancreatic glycogen in the action of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone CHH. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 87A: 423-426.
    • (1987) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.87 A , pp. 423-426
    • Sedlmeier, D.1
  • 121
    • 0004957450 scopus 로고
    • Structure and biomechanical properties of crustacean blood vessels
    • SHADWICK, R.E., POLLOCK, C.M & STRICKER, S.A. 1990. Structure and biomechanical properties of crustacean blood vessels. Physiol. Zool. 63: 90-101.
    • (1990) Physiol. Zool. , vol.63 , pp. 90-101
    • Shadwick, R.E.1    Pollock, C.M.2    Stricker, S.A.3
  • 122
    • 0030271209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocrine regulation of the phosphatidylinositol pathway in the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus and the shore crab, Carcinus maenas
    • SMULLEN, R.P., DAVID, J.A. & PITMAN, R.M. 1996. Endocrine regulation of the phosphatidylinositol pathway in the Norway lobster, Nephrops norvegicus and the shore crab, Carcinus maenas. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 104: 84-91.
    • (1996) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. , vol.104 , pp. 84-91
    • Smullen, R.P.1    David, J.A.2    Pitman, R.M.3
  • 123
    • 84989634961 scopus 로고
    • Effect of dopamine, cyclic AMP. and pericardial organs on sodium uptake and Na/ K-ATPase activity in gills of the green crab Carcinus maenas (L)
    • SOMMER, M.J. & MANTEL, L.H. 1988. Effect of dopamine, cyclic AMP. and pericardial organs on sodium uptake and Na/ K-ATPase activity in gills of the green crab Carcinus maenas (L). J. Exp. Zool., 248: 272-277.
    • (1988) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.248 , pp. 272-277
    • Sommer, M.J.1    Mantel, L.H.2
  • 124
    • 0025844846 scopus 로고
    • Effects of dopamine and acclimation to reduced salinity on the concentration of cyclic AMP in the gills of the green crab, Carcinus maenas (L)
    • SOMMER, M.J. & MANTEL, L.H. 1991. Effects of dopamine and acclimation to reduced salinity on the concentration of cyclic AMP in the gills of the green crab, Carcinus maenas (L). Gen. Comp. End. 82: 364-368.
    • (1991) Gen. Comp. End. , vol.82 , pp. 364-368
    • Sommer, M.J.1    Mantel, L.H.2
  • 125
    • 0029977172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogenic changes in cardiac function in crustaceans
    • SPICER, J.I. & MORRITT, D. 1996 Ontogenic changes in cardiac function in crustaceans. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 114: 81-89.
    • (1996) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.114 , pp. 81-89
    • Spicer, J.I.1    Morritt, D.2
  • 126
    • 0018198511 scopus 로고
    • 3H-serotonin release from identified neurosecretory fibers in the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus
    • 3H-serotonin release from identified neurosecretory fibers in the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus. Life Sci. 22: 1429-1438.
    • (1978) Life Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 1429-1438
    • Sullivan, R.E.1
  • 127
    • 0347054705 scopus 로고
    • Octopamine increases cyclic AMP content of crustacean ganglia and cardiac muscle
    • SULLIVAN, R.E. & BARKER, D.L. 1975. Octopamine increases cyclic AMP content of crustacean ganglia and cardiac muscle. Neurosci. Abstr. 1: 394.
    • (1975) Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.1 , pp. 394
    • Sullivan, R.E.1    Barker, D.L.2
  • 128
    • 0343552260 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous levels of octopamine, serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine in spiny lobster pericardial organs
    • SULLIVAN, R.E., FRIEND, B. & MCCAMAN, R. 1976. Endogenous levels of octopamine, serotonin, dopamine, and acetylcholine in spiny lobster pericardial organs. Neurosci. Abstr. 2: 335.
    • (1976) Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.2 , pp. 335
    • Sullivan, R.E.1    Friend, B.2    Mccaman, R.3
  • 129
    • 0017605953 scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of spiny lobster ligamental nerve plexuses: Evidence for synthesis, storage and secretion of biogenic amines
    • SULLIVAN. R.E., FRIEND, B. & BARKER, D.L. 1977. Structure and function of spiny lobster ligamental nerve plexuses: Evidence for synthesis, storage and secretion of biogenic amines. J. Neurobiol. 8: 581-605.
    • (1977) J. Neurobiol. , vol.8 , pp. 581-605
    • Sullivan, R.E.1    Friend, B.2    Barker, D.L.3
  • 130
    • 0031106001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing hypoxia and hypothermia in cold-submerged frogs
    • TATTERSALL, G.J. & BOUTILIER, R.G. 1997. Balancing hypoxia and hypothermia in cold-submerged frogs. J.exp. Biol. 200: 1031-1038.
    • (1997) J.Exp. Biol. , vol.200 , pp. 1031-1038
    • Tattersall, G.J.1    Boutilier, R.G.2
  • 131
    • 0003337294 scopus 로고
    • The role of the gills and branchiostegites in gas exchange in a bimodally breathing crab, Holthuisana transversa: Evidence for a facultative change in the distribution of the respiratory circulation
    • TAYLOR, H.H. & GREENAWAY, P. 1984. The role of the gills and branchiostegites in gas exchange in a bimodally breathing crab, Holthuisana transversa: Evidence for a facultative change in the distribution of the respiratory circulation. J. exp. Biol. 111: 103-121.
    • (1984) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.111 , pp. 103-121
    • Taylor, H.H.1    Greenaway, P.2
  • 132
    • 0001803825 scopus 로고
    • Observations of valve-like structures and evidence for rectification of flow within the gill lamellae of the crab Carcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda)
    • TAYLOR, H.H. & TAYLOR, E.W. 1986. Observations of valve-like structures and evidence for rectification of flow within the gill lamellae of the crab Carcinus maenas (Crustacea, Decapoda). Zoomorphology, 106: 1-11.
    • (1986) Zoomorphology , vol.106 , pp. 1-11
    • Taylor, H.H.1    Taylor, E.W.2
  • 134
    • 84986440289 scopus 로고
    • Lactate increases the oxygen affinity of crab haemocyanin
    • TRUCHOT, J-P. 1980. Lactate increases the oxygen affinity of crab haemocyanin. J. Exp. Zool. 214: 205-208.
    • (1980) J. Exp. Zool. , vol.214 , pp. 205-208
    • Truchot, J.-P.1
  • 135
    • 0000125280 scopus 로고
    • Respiratory function of arthropod hemocyanins
    • TRUCHOT, J-P. 1992. Respiratory function of arthropod hemocyanins. Adv. Comp. Envir. Physiol. 13: 377-410.
    • (1992) Adv. Comp. Envir. Physiol. , vol.13 , pp. 377-410
    • Truchot, J.-P.1
  • 136
    • 0027411769 scopus 로고
    • High-affinity binding of putative moult-inhibition hormone (MIH) and crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH) to membrane-bound receptors on the Y-organ of the shore crab Carcinus maenas
    • WEBSTER, S.G. 1993. High-affinity binding of putative moult-inhibition hormone (MIH) and crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH) to membrane-bound receptors on the Y-organ of the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Proc. Royal. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. 251: 53-59.
    • (1993) Proc. Royal. Soc. Lond. Ser. B Biol. Sci. , vol.251 , pp. 53-59
    • Webster, S.G.1
  • 137
    • 0029831637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone levels in the edible crab Cancer pagurus during emersion stress
    • WEBSTER, S.G. 1996. Measurement of crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone levels in the edible crab Cancer pagurus during emersion stress. J. exp. Biol. 199: 1579-1585.
    • (1996) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.199 , pp. 1579-1585
    • Webster, S.G.1
  • 138
    • 0001496777 scopus 로고
    • Octopaminergic modulation of flight muscle in the locust
    • WHIM, M.D. & EVANS, P.D. 1988. Octopaminergic modulation of flight muscle in the locust. J. exp. Biol. 134: 247-266.
    • (1988) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.134 , pp. 247-266
    • Whim, M.D.1    Evans, P.D.2
  • 139
    • 0000477789 scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation of the stretch sensitivity hypothesis of crustacean hearts: Hypoxia, not lack of stretch, causes reduction in heart rate of isolated hearts
    • WILKENS, J.L. 1993. Re-evaluation of the stretch sensitivity hypothesis of crustacean hearts: Hypoxia, not lack of stretch, causes reduction in heart rate of isolated hearts. J. exp. Biol. 176: 223-232.
    • (1993) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.176 , pp. 223-232
    • Wilkens, J.L.1
  • 140
    • 0030782144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Possible mechanisms of control of vascular resistance in the lobster Homarus americanus
    • WILKENS, J.L. 1997. Possible mechanisms of control of vascular resistance in the lobster Homarus americanus. J. exp. Biol., 200: 487-493.
    • (1997) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.200 , pp. 487-493
    • Wilkens, J.L.1
  • 141
    • 0030831095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular peripheral resistance and compliance in the lobster Homarus americanus
    • WILKENS, J.L., DAVIDSON, G.W. & CAVEY, M.J. 1997. Vascular peripheral resistance and compliance in the lobster Homarus americanus. J. exp. Biol. 200: 477-485.
    • (1997) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.200 , pp. 477-485
    • Wilkens, J.L.1    Davidson, G.W.2    Cavey, M.J.3
  • 142
    • 0030152899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of six pericardial hormones and hypoxia on the semi-isolated heart and sternal arterial valve of the lobster Homarus americanus
    • WILKENS, J.L., KURAMOTO, T. & MCMAHON, B.R. 1996. The effects of six pericardial hormones and hypoxia on the semi-isolated heart and sternal arterial valve of the lobster Homarus americanus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 114C: 57-65.
    • (1996) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. , vol.114 C , pp. 57-65
    • Wilkens, J.L.1    Kuramoto, T.2    Mcmahon, B.R.3
  • 143
    • 0000020374 scopus 로고
    • Peptidergic modulation of cardiac performance in isolated hearts from the shore crab Carcinus maenas
    • WILKENS, J.L. & MERCIER, A.J. 1993. Peptidergic modulation of cardiac performance in isolated hearts from the shore crab Carcinus maenas. Physiol. Zool. 66: 237-256.
    • (1993) Physiol. Zool. , vol.66 , pp. 237-256
    • Wilkens, J.L.1    Mercier, A.J.2
  • 144
    • 0022365381 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac and ventilatory responses to stress and to neurohormonal modulators by the shore crab, Carcinus maenas Comp
    • WILKENS, J.L., MERCIER, A.J. & EVANS, J. 1985. Cardiac and ventilatory responses to stress and to neurohormonal modulators by the shore crab, Carcinus maenas Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 82C: 337-343.
    • (1985) Biochem. Physiol. , vol.82 C , pp. 337-343
    • Wilkens, J.L.1    Mercier, A.J.2    Evans, J.3
  • 145
    • 0021707790 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the scaphognathite ventilatory pump in the shore crab Carcinus maenas: II. Pumping efficiency and metabolic cost
    • WILKENS, J.L., WILKES, P.R.H. & EVANS, J. 1984. Analysis of the scaphognathite ventilatory pump in the shore crab Carcinus maenas: II. Pumping efficiency and metabolic cost. J. exp. Biol. 113: 69-81.
    • (1984) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.113 , pp. 69-81
    • Wilkens, J.L.1    Wilkes, P.R.H.2    Evans, J.3
  • 146
    • 0024362682 scopus 로고
    • Responses of the isolated crab ventilatory central pattern generators to variations in oxygen tension
    • WILKENS, J.L., YOUNG, R.E. & DICAPRIO, R.A. 1989. Responses of the isolated crab ventilatory central pattern generators to variations in oxygen tension. J. Comp. Physiol. B 159: 29-36.
    • (1989) J. Comp. Physiol. B , vol.159 , pp. 29-36
    • Wilkens, J.L.1    Young, R.E.2    Dicaprio, R.A.3
  • 147
    • 0029360785 scopus 로고
    • Neuromodulation of rhythmic motor patterns in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus by amines and the peptide proctolin
    • WOOD, D.E. 1995. Neuromodulation of rhythmic motor patterns in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus by amines and the peptide proctolin. J. Comp. Physiol. A 177: 335-349.
    • (1995) J. Comp. Physiol. A , vol.177 , pp. 335-349
    • Wood, D.E.1
  • 148
    • 0029360467 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of behavior by biogenic amines and peptides in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus
    • WOOD, D.E., GLEESON, R.A. & DERBY, C.D. 1995. Modulation of behavior by biogenic amines and peptides in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. J. Comp. Physiol. A 177: 321-333.
    • (1995) J. Comp. Physiol. A , vol.177 , pp. 321-333
    • Wood, D.E.1    Gleeson, R.A.2    Derby, C.D.3
  • 149
    • 0002231944 scopus 로고
    • Allosteric modulation of haemocyanin oxygen affinity by L-lactate and urate in the lobster Homarus vulgaris. I. Specific and additive effects on haemocyanin oxygen affinitv
    • ZEIS, B., NIES, A., BRIDGES, C.R. & GRIESHABER, M.K. 1992. Allosteric modulation of haemocyanin oxygen affinity by L-lactate and urate in the lobster Homarus vulgaris. I. Specific and additive effects on haemocyanin oxygen affinitv. J. exp. Biol., 168: 93-110.
    • (1992) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.168 , pp. 93-110
    • Zeis, B.1    Nies, A.2    Bridges, C.R.3    Grieshaber, M.K.4
  • 150
    • 0025344540 scopus 로고
    • 2-sensitive pathway to the respiratory oscillator of the shore crab Carcinus maenas
    • 2-sensitive pathway to the respiratory oscillator of the shore crab Carcinus maenas. J. exp. Biol., 148: 181-199.
    • (1990) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.148 , pp. 181-199
    • Zinebi, H.1    Simmers, J.2    Truchot, J.-P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.