Governmentality and economic policy in Sub-Saharan Africa

Third World Quarterly

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 809-824

  Clapham, Christopher ^a  

^a LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002519368     PISSN: 01436597     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01436599615399     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. These and other aggregate economic figures are taken from World Development Report 1995, New York: Oxford University Press for World Bank, 1995.
2. Douglas Rimmer, 'Structural adjustment in Africa', International Update, Johannesburg: SAIIA, April 1995.
3. Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa, Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1981.
4. Colin Leys, The Rise and Fall of Development Theory, London: James Currey, 1996 provides an obituary for the debates between 'dependentists' and 'classical Marxists' which dominated the attempts to theorise development until the 1980s.
5. The most articulate spokesman for this view is probably the Nigerian economist and former Director-General of the UN Economic Commission for Africa, Adebayo Adedeji; see Africa within the World: Beyond Dispossession and Dependence, London: Zed, 1993; and 'The case for remaking Africa', in Douglas Rimmer, ed, Action in Africa: the experience of people involved in government, business and aid, London: Currey, 1993.
6. The most articulate spokesman for this view is probably the Nigerian economist and former Director-General of the UN Economic Commission for Africa, Adebayo Adedeji; see Africa within the World: Beyond Dispossession and Dependence, London: Zed, 1993; and 'The case for remaking Africa', in Douglas Rimmer, ed, Action in Africa: the experience of people involved in government, business and aid, London: Currey, 1993.
7. Robert H Bates, Markets and States in Tropical Africa: the political basis of agricultural policies, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1981.
8. World Bank, Accelerated Development in Sub-Saharan Africa, Washington, DC: World Bank, 1981.
9. There have been many summaries of the characteristic elements of structural adjustment programmes; this one is taken largely from John Toye, 'Structural adjustment: context, assumptions, origin and diversity', in R van der Hoeven & F van der Kraaij, eds, Structural Adjustment and Beyond in Sub-Saharan Africa, London: Currey, 1994.
10. Rimmer, 'Structural adjustment in Africa'.
11. Some of these are detailed in Stephen Smith & Antoine Glaser, Ces Messieurs Afrique, Paris: Calmann-Levy, 1992.
12. See William Reno, Corruption and State Politics in Sierra Leone, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, ch 6.
13. For an assessment of the functions of the state under structural adjustment, see Jeff Herbst, The Politics of Reform in Ghana (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993, ch 6.
14. See Pierre Landell-Mills, 'Governance, cultural change, and empowerment', Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol 30, No 4, 1994, for a personal view by a senior World Bank official. The British Overseas Development Administration produced a memorandum on 'Taking Account of Good Government' in October 1993, while the US Agency for International Development commissioned a study by Robert H Charlick, The Concept of Governance and its Implications for AID's Development Assistance Program in Africa (Washington, DC: USAID, 1992.
15. See Pierre Landell-Mills, 'Governance, cultural change, and empowerment', Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol 30, No 4, 1994, for a personal view by a senior World Bank official. The British Overseas Development Administration produced a memorandum on 'Taking Account of Good Government' in October 1993, while the US Agency for International Development commissioned a study by Robert H Charlick, The Concept of Governance and its Implications for AID's Development Assistance Program in Africa (Washington, DC: USAID, 1992.
16. For attacks on the assumed correlation between economic and political liberalisation, see Richard Jeffries, 'The state, structural adjustment and good government in Africa', Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Vol 31, No 1, 1993; and Carolyn Baylies, '"Political conditionally' and democratisation', Review of African Political Economy, Vol 22, No 65, 1995; for a collection of case studies appraising the democratisation process in selected African states, see John Wiseman, ed. Democracy and Political Change in Sub-Saharan Africa, London: Routledge, 1995.
17. For attacks on the assumed correlation between economic and political liberalisation, see Richard Jeffries, 'The state, structural adjustment and good government in Africa', Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Vol 31, No 1, 1993; and Carolyn Baylies, '"Political conditionally' and democratisation', Review of African Political Economy, Vol 22, No 65, 1995; for a collection of case studies appraising the democratisation process in selected African states, see John Wiseman, ed. Democracy and Political Change in Sub-Saharan Africa, London: Routledge, 1995.
18. For attacks on the assumed correlation between economic and political liberalisation, see Richard Jeffries, 'The state, structural adjustment and good government in Africa', Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Vol 31, No 1, 1993; and Carolyn Baylies, '"Political conditionally' and democratisation', Review of African Political Economy, Vol 22, No 65, 1995; for a collection of case studies appraising the democratisation process in selected African states, see John Wiseman, ed. Democracy and Political Change in Sub-Saharan Africa, London: Routledge, 1995.
19. For the most recent example, see World Bank, Adjustment in Africa: Reforms, Results, and the Road Ahead, New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
20. Adrian Leftwith, "Two Cheers for Democracy? Democracy and the Developmental State", in Leftwith, ed, Democracy and Development (Cambridge: Policy Press, 1996).
21. G A Almond & S Verba, The Civic Culture, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1963.
22. L W Pye, Politics, Personality and Nation Building: Burma's search for identity, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1962; and D E Apler, The Politics of Modernization, Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 1965.
23. L W Pye, Politics, Personality and Nation Building: Burma's search for identity, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1962; and D E Apler, The Politics of Modernization, Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press, 1965.
24. F Braudel, 'History and Social Science: the long term', Social Science Information, Vol 9, No 1, 1970.
25. Samuel Huntington, 'The clash of civilizations', Foreign Affairs, Vol 72, No 3, 1993; Francis Fukuyama, Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1995.
26. Samuel Huntington, 'The clash of civilizations', Foreign Affairs, Vol 72, No 3, 1993; Francis Fukuyama, Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity, London: Hamish Hamilton, 1995.
27. See Fareed Zakaria, 'A conversation with Lee Kuan Yew', Foreign Affairs, Vol 73, No 2, 1994.
28. The Economist weekly, guided by a universal capitalist ideology, has been among those most energetically denying the specificity of east Asian societies and values; see, for example, the issue of 28 May 1994.
29. J-F Bayart, The State in Africa: The politics of the belly, London: Longman, 1993.
30. R H Jackson & C G Rosberg, Personal Rule in Black Africa, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1982, p. 18.
31. See Steve Askin & Carole Collins, 'External collusion with kleptocracy: can Zaire recover its stolen wealth?', Review of African Political Economy, Vol 20, No 57, 1993.
32. See Herbst, The Politics of Reform in Ghana, ch 9.