The Philosophical Dullness of Classical Ecology, and a Levinsian Alternative

Biology and Philosophy

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 93-102

  Haila, Yrjö ^a   Taylor, Peter ^b  

^a TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS BOSTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Ecology; Levins; Philosophy of ecology

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002459786     PISSN: 01693867     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1006632817807     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Boucher, D.: 1998, 'Newtonian Ecology and Beyond', Science as Culture 7, 493-517.
2. Callebaut, W. (ed.): 1993, Taking the Naturalistic Turn, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
3. Cooper, G.: 1998, 'Generalizations in Ecology: A Philosophical Taxonomy', Biology & Philosophy 13, 555-586.
4. Dear, P.: 1995, Discipline & Experience. The Mathematical Way in the Scientific Revolution, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
5. Dyke, C.: 1988, The Evolutionary Dynamics of Complex Systems. A Study in Biosocial Complexity, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
6. Dyke, C.: 1993, 'Extralogical Excavations. Philosophy in the Age of Shovelry', in J. Caputo and M. Yount (eds), Foucault and the Critique of Institutions, Pennsylvania State University Press, Philadelphia, pp. 102-126.
7. Dyke, C.: 1996, 'Revolution in Changing Environments: Beyond the Balancing Act', http://omega.cc.umb.edu/~ptaylor/Dyke.html (viewed 11/30/98).
8. Dyke, C.: 1997, 'The Heuristics of Ecological Interactions', Advances in Human Ecology 6, 49-74.
9. Eldredge, N. and Grene, M.: 1992, Interactions. The Biological Context of Social Systems, Columbia University Press, New York.
10. Galison, P. and Stump, D.J. (eds): 1996, The Disunity of Science. Boundaries, Contexts, and Power, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
11. Gibson, J.J.: 1986, The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. (First published 1969).
12. Gordon, D.M.: 1992, 'Wittgenstein and Ant-Watching', Biology & Philosophy 7, 13-25.
13. Grene, M.: 1985, Descartes, The Harvester Press, Brighton, Sussex.
14. Grene, M.: 1995, A Philosophical Testament, Open Court, Chicago.
15. Hagen, J.B.: 1989, 'Research Perspectives and the Anomalous Status of Modern Ecology', Biology & Philosophy 4, 433-455.
16. Haila, Y.: 1998a, 'Listening to Animals, Learning from Animals', in M. Seppälä, Jari-P. Vanhala and L. Weintraub (eds), Animal.Anima.Animus, Pori Art Museum, Pori, pp. 216-232.
17. Haila, Y: 1998b, 'Political Undercurrents of Modern Ecology', Science as Culture 7, 465-4-91.
18. Haila, Y.: 1999a, 'Biodiversity and the Divide between Culture and Nature', Biodiversity & Conservation 8, 165-181.
19. Haila, Y.: 1999b, 'Socioecologies', Ecography 22, 337-348.
20. Haila, Y.: 2000, 'Beyond the Nature-Culture Dualism', Biology & Philosophy 15, 155-175.
21. Haila, Y. and Heininen, L.: 1995, 'Ecology. A New Discipline for Disciplining?', Social Text 42, 153-171.
22. Haila, Y. and Levins, R.: 1992, Humanity and Nature. Ecology, Science and Society, Pluto Press, London.
23. Herrnstein Smith, B. and Plotnitsky, A. (eds): 1995, Mathematics, Science, and Postclassical Theory, The South Atlantic Quarterly 94:2, Duke University Press, Durham, NC.
24. Jokela, J. and Haukioja, E.: 2000, 'Evolution of Strategies to Stay in the Game', Biology & Philosophy 15, 177-196.
25. Keller, E.F.: 1987, 'Reproduction and the Central Project of Evolutionary Theory', Biology & Philosophy 2, 383-396.
26. Kingsland, S.: 1985, Modeling Nature. Episodes in the History of Population Ecology, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
27. Levins, R.: 1968, Evolution in Changing Environments, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
28. Levins, R.: 1969, 'Some Demographic and Genetic Consequences of Environmental Heterogeneity for Biological Control', Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 15, 237-240.
29. Levins, R.: 1973, 'The Limits of Complexity', in H. Pattee (ed.), Hierarchy Theory. The Challenge of Complex Systems, George Braziller, New York, pp. 111-127.
30. Levins, R.: 1998a, 'The Internal and External in Explanatory Theories', Science as Culture 7, 557-582.
31. Levins, R.: 1998b, 'Qualitative Mathematics for Understanding, Prediction, and Intervention in Complex Ecosystems', in D. Rapport, R. Costanza, P.R. Epstein, C. Gaudet and R. Levins (eds), Ecosystem Health, Blackwell, Malden, MA, pp. 178-204.
32. Longino, H.: 1990, Science as Social Knowledge. Value and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.
33. Lotka, A.J.: 1956, Elements of Mathematical Biology (Original: Elements of Physical Biology, 1924), Dover, New York.
34. Morowitz, H.: 1986, 'Entropy and Nonsense: A Review of Daniel R. Brooks and E.O. Wiley, Evolution as Entropy', Biology & Philosophy 1, 473-476.
35. Puccia, C.J. and Levins, R.: 1985, Qualitative Modeling of Complex Systems. An Introduction to Loop Analysis and Time Averaging, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
36. Star, S.L. (ed.): 1995, Ecologies of Knowledge. Work and Politics in Science and Technology, State University of New York Press, New York.
37. Takacs, D.: 1996, The Idea of Biodiversity. Philosophies of Paradise, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
38. Taylor, P.J.: 1990, 'Mapping Ecologists' Ecologies of Knowledge', Philosophy of Science 2, 95-109.
39. Taylor, P.J.: 1992, 'Community', in E.A. Lloyd and E.F. Keller (eds), Keywords in Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 52-60.
40. Taylor, P.J.: 1997a, 'Appearance Notwithstanding, We Are All Doing Something Like Political Ecology', Social Epistemology 11, 111-127.
41. Taylor, P.J.: 1997b, 'How Do We Know We Have Global Environmental Problems? Undifferentiated Science-Politics and its Potential Reconstruction', in P.J. Taylor, S.E. Halfon and P.N. Edwars (eds), Changing Life. Genomes, Ecologies, Bodies, Commodities, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 149-174.
42. Taylor, P.J: 1998, 'How the Commons Becomes 'Tragic' Simple Models as Complex Social and Political Constructions', Science as Culture 7, 449-464.
43. Taylor, P.J.: 1999, 'From natural selection to Natural Construction to Disciplining Unruly Complexity: The Challenge of Integrating Ecological Dynamics into Evolutionary Theory', in R. Singh, K. Krimbas, D. Paul and J. Beatty (eds), Thinking About Evolution: Historical, Philosophical and Political Perspectives, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
44. Taylor, P.: 2000, 'Socio-Ecological Webs and Sites of Sociality: Levins' Strategy of Model-Building Revisited', Biology & Philosophy 15, 197-210.
45. Taylor, P.J. and Haila, Y. (eds): 1998, 'Natural Contradictions. A Special Issue on Links Between Ecological Science and Environmental Politics', Science as Culture 4.
46. Vepsäläinen, K. and Spence, J.R.: 2000, 'Generalization in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology: From Hypothesis to Paradigm', Biology & Philosophy 15, 211-238.
47. Wimsatt, W.: 2001, 'Richard Levins as Philosophical Revolutionary', Biology & Philosophy 16, 103-108.