Before 1492: The making of the pre-Columbian landscape part I: The environment

Ecological Restoration

Volumn 17, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 15-30

  McCann, Joseph M ^a  

^a NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002452318     PISSN: 15434060     EISSN: 15434079     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. Adams, R.E.W., W.E. Brown, Jr., and T.P. Culbert. 1981. Radar Mapping, Archaeology, and Ancient Maya Land Use. Science 213:1457-1563.
2. Agenbroad, L.D., J.I. Mead, and L.W. Nelson. 1990. Megafauna and Man: Discovery of America's Heartland. The Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, South Dakota. Scientific Papers, Volume 1.
3. Axelrod, D.I. 1985. Rise of the Grassland Biome, Central North America. Botanical Review 51:163-201.
4. Anderson, M.K. 1994. Prehistoric Anthropogenic Wildland Burning by Hunter-Gatherer Societies in the Temperate Regions: A Net Source, Sink, or Neutral to the Global Carbon Budget. In Kammen, D.M. et al., eds., "Preindustrial Human Environmental Impacts: Are There Lessons for Science and Policy?" Chemosphere 29(5):913-934.
5. Armillas, P. 1971. Gardens on Swamps. Science 174:653-661.
6. Artaxo, P., M.A. Yamasoe, J.V. Martins, S. Kocinas, S. Carvalho, and W. Maenhaut. 1993. Case Study of Atmospheric Measurements in Brazil: Aerosol Emissions from Amazon Fires. In Crutzen, P.J. and J.G. Goldammer, eds., Fire in the Environment: its Ecological, Climatic, and Atmospheric Chemical Importance of Vegetation Fires. New York: Wiley.
7. Baker, P.T. and M. A. Little. 1976. Man in the Andes: multidisciplinary study of high-altitude Quechua. Stroudsburg, PA: Halsted Press.
8. Balée, W. 1992. People of the Fallow: A Historical Ecology of Foraging in Lowland South America. In Redford, K.H. and C. Padoch, eds., Conservation of Neotropical Forests: Working from Traditional Resource Use. New York: Columbia University Press.
9. Blackburn, T.C. and K. Anderson. 1993. Before the Wilderness: Environmental Management by Native Californians. Menlo Park, California: Ballena Press.
10. Botkin, D.B. 1990. Discordant Harmonies: A New Ecology for the Twenty-First Century. New York: Oxford University Press.
11. Brooks, R.R. and D. Johannes. 1990. Phytoarchaeology. Portland (Oregon): Dioscorides Press.
12. Buol, S.W., F.D. Hole and R.J. McCracken. 1973. Soil Genesis and Classification. Ames: Iowa State University Press.
13. Butzer, K.W., ed. 1992. The Americas Before and After 1492: Current Geographical Research. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82(3).
14. _. 1982. Archaeology as Human Ecology: Method and Contextual Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
15. Cairns, J. 1995. Rehabilitating Damaged Ecosystems. Boca Ratón, Florida: CRC Press.
16. _. 1988. Increasing Diversity by Restoring Damaged Ecosystems. In Wilson, E. O., ed., Biodiversity. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
17. Cavali-Sforza, L.L., P. Menozzi, and A. Piazza. 1994. The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
18. Clark, J.S., ed. 1997. Sediment Records of Biomass Burning and Global Change. New York: Springer.
19. _, and J. Robinson. 1993. Paleoecology of Fire. In P.J. Crutzen and J.G. Goldhammer, eds., Fire in the Environment: Ecological, Climatic, and Atmospheric Chemical Importance of Vegetation Fires. New York: Wiley.
20. Cook, S.F., and Heizer. 1965. Studies on the Chemical Analysis of Archaeological Sites. Berkeley: University of California Press.
21. _, and W. Borah. 1971-1979. Essays on Population History. 3 Volumes, Berkeley: University of California Press.
22. Cronon, W. 1991. Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: Norton.
23. _. 1983. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. New York: Hill and Wang.
24. Crosby, A. 1972. The Columbian Exchange: Biological Consequences of 1492. Wesport, Conn.: Greenwood.
25. Crutzen, P.J. and J.G. Goldammer, eds. 1993. Fire in the Environment: its Ecological, Climatic, and Atmospheric Chemical Importance of Vegetation Fires. New York: Wiley.
26. Deevey, E.S., D.S. Rice, P.M. Rice, H.H. Vaughan, M. Brenner, and M.S. Flannery. 1979. Maya Urbanism: Impact on a Tropical Karst Environment, Science, 206:298-306.
27. Denevan, W.M.. 1996. A Bluff Model of Riverine Settlement and Agriculture in Amazonia. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 86(4):654-681.
28. _. 1992a. The Pristine Myth. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82(3).
29. _. 1992b [1976]. The Aboriginal Population of Amazonia. In Denevan, W. M., ed., The Native Population of the Americas in 1492. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
30. _. 1991. Prehistoric Roads and Causeways of Lowland Tropical America. In C.D. Trombold, ed. Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
31. _. 1970. Aboriginal Drained-Field Cultivation in the Americas. Science 169:647-654.
32. Diamond, J.D. 1992. The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal. New York: Harper Collins.
33. Dillehay, T.D., et al. 1992. Earliest Hunters and Gatherers of South America. Journal of World Prehistory 6:145-204.
34. _, and D.J. Meltzer, eds. 1991. The First Americans: Search and Research. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
35. Dobyns, H.F. 1981. From Fire to Flood: Historical Human Destruction of Sonoran Desert Riverine Oases. Socorro, NM: Ballena Press.
36. Doolittle, WE. 1992. Agriculture in North America on the Eve of Contact: A Reassessment. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 82(3):386-402.
37. Donaghue, D. and I. Shennan. 1988. The Application of Remote Sensing to Environmental Archaeology, Geoarchoeology 3:275-285.
38. Donkin, R.A. 1979. Agricultural Terracing in the Aboriginal New World. Viking Fund Publication in Anthropology, No. 56. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press.
39. Eden, M.J., W. Bray, L. Herrera, and C. McEwan. 1984. Terra Preta Soils and their Archaeological Context in the Caquetá Basin of Southeast Colombia, American Antiquity 49:125-140.
40. Edis, J., W. Macleod, and R. Benley. 1989. An Archaeologist's guide to Classification of Cropmarks and Soilmarks, Antiquity 63 (238):102-136.
41. Eidt, R.C., and W.I. Woods. 1974. Abandoned Settlement Analysis: Theory and Practice. Milwaukee: Field Test Associates.
42. Falesi, I.C. 1972. O Estado Atual dos Conhecimentos sôbre os Solos da Amazônia Brasileira, Boletim Técnico do Instituto de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Norte 54:17-68.
43. Farrington, I.S., ed. 1985. Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics. Oxford: B.A.R. International Series 232.
44. Fishman, J. et al. 1993. Group Report: What is the Impact of Fires on Atmospheric Chemistry, Climate, and Biogeochemical Cycles. In Crutzen, P.J. and J.G. Goldammer, eds. Fire in the Environment: its Ecological, Climatic, and Atmospheric Chemical Importance of Vegetation Fires. New York: Wiley.
45. Fowler, M. 1989. The Cahokia Atlas: A Historical Atlas of Cahokia Archaeology. Studies in Illinois Archaeology 6. Springfield: Illinois Historic Preservation Agency.
46. Garcilaso de la Vega. 1980 [1605]. The History of the Florida of the Inca: A History of the Adelantado, Hernando de Soto. Translated and edited by J.G. Varmer and J.J. Varmer. Austin: University of Texas Press.
47. Gartner, W.G. 1992. The Hulbert Creek Ridged Fields: Pre-Columbian Agriculture near the Dells, Wisconsin. Master's Thesis, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
48. Glacken, C.J. 1967. Traces on the Rhodian shore; Nature and culture in Western thought from ancient times to the end of the eighteenth century. Berkeley, University of California Press.
49. Goldammer, J.G. 1993. Historical Biogeography of Fire: Tropical and Subtropical. In Crutzen, P.J. and J.G. Goldammer, eds. Fire in the Environment: its Ecological, Climatic, and Atmospheric Chemical Importance of Vegetation Fires. New York: Wiley.
50. Gordon, B.L. 1982. A Panama Forest and Shore: Natural History and Amerindian Culture in Bocas del Toro. Pacific Grove, CA: Boxwood Press.
51. Graham, R. W. 1990. Evolution of New Ecosystems at the End of the Pleistocene. In L.D. Agenbroad, J.I. Mead, and L.W. Nelson, eds. Megafauna and Man: Discovery of America's Heartland. The Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, South Dakota, Scientific Papers, Volume 1, p. 54-60.
52. Guthrie, D.R. 1990. Late Pleistocene Faunal Revolution-A New Perspective on the Extinction Debate. In L.D. Agenbroad, J.I. Mead, and L.W. Nelson, eds. Megafauna and Man: Discovery of America's Heartland. The Mammoth Site of Hot Springs, South Dakota, Scientific Papers, Volume 1, p. 42-53.
53. Haynes, C.V. 1971. Geochronology of Man-Mammoth Sites and their Bearing on the Origin of the Llano Complex. In W. Dort, Jr., and J.K. Jones, Jr. Eds., Pleistocene and Recent Environments of the Central Great Plains. Lawrence: University of Kansas Department of Geology Special Publication No. 3, p.77.
54. Hills, T.L. and R.E. Randall, eds. 1968. The Ecology of the Forest/Savanna Boundary. Savanna Research Series 13. Montreal: McGill University.
55. Holling, C.S. 1986. The Resilience of Terrestrial Ecosystems: Local Surprise and Global Change. In W.C. Clark and R.E. Munn, Sustainable Development of the Biosphere, pp. 292-317. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
56. Hoffecker, et al. 1993. The Colonization of Beringia and the Peopling of the New World. Science 259:46-53.
57. Holliday, V.T., ed. 1992. Soils and Archaeology. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
58. Hyslop, J. 1984. The Inka Road System..New York: Academic Press.
59. Jenny, H. 1941. Factors of Soil Formation. New York: McGraw-Hill.
60. Kammen, D.M., K.R. Smith, A.T. Rambo, and M.A.K. Khalil, eds. 1994. Preindustrial Human Environmental Impacts: Are There Lessons for Science and Policy? Chemosphere 29(5) (Special Issue), Oxford/New York: Pergamon.
61. Katzer, F. 1944. A Terra Preta. Boletim da Seccao da Fomento Agrícola no Estado do Pará. 3(2):35-38.
62. Kolata, A.L. 1991. The Technology and Organization of Agricultural Production in the Tiwanaku State. Latin American Antiquity 2:99-125.
63. Kern, D.C., and N. Kampf. 1989. Antigos Assentamentos Indígenas na Formação de solos com Terra Preta Arquológica na Região de Oriximiná, Pará, R. bras. Ci. solo 13:219-225.
64. Levine, J.S., ed. 1996. Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic and Biospheric Implications. Boston: MIT Press.
65. Lewis, H.T. 1982. Fire Technology and Resource Management in Aboriginal North America and Australia. In N.M. Williams and E.S. Hunn, eds., Resource Managers: North America and Australian Hunter-Gatherers. Boulder: Westview Press.
66. Linares, O.F. 1976. Garden Hunting in the Human Tropics. Human Ecology 4:331-349.
67. Lopinot, N.H. and W.I. Woods. 1993. Wood Overexploitation and the Collapse of Cahokia. In C.M. Scarry, ed., Plant Production and Social Relations in the Prehistoric Eastern Woodlands. Ripley P. Bullen Monographs in Anthropology and History. Gainesville: University of Florida Press.
68. Lovelock, J. 1988. The Ages of Gaia. New York: Norton.
69. MacArthur, R.H., R.G. MacArthur and E.O. Wilson. 1967. The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
70. Malin, J.C. 1956. The Grassland of North America: It's Occupance and the Challenge of Continuous Reappraisals. In W.L. Thomas, Jr., ed., Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. International Symposium on Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth (1955: Princeton, N.J.).
71. Marcoy, P., 1875. Travels in South America from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean, Vol II. Blakie and Son, London.
72. Marsh, G.P. 1864. Man and Nature; or, Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action. New York: Scribner.
73. Martin, P.S. 1973. The Discovery of America. Science 180:969-974.
74. _, and R.G. Klein. 1984. Quaternary Extinctions: A Prehistoric Revolution. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. Line 235.
75. Matthewson, K. 1984. Irrigation Horticulture in Highland Guatemala: The Tablón System of Panajachel. Boulder: Westview Press.
76. May, R. 1974. Biological Populations with Nonoverlapping Generations. Science 186: 645-647.
77. McCann, J.M. 1994. Terra Preta do Índio in Lower Amazonia: Fertile Ground for Caboclo Agriculture and Cultural Ecological Research. Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Sociedad Mexicana de Geografía y Estadística and the Conference of Latin Americanist Geographers, Ciudad Juarez, September 26-30, 1994
78. Mead, J.I. and D.J. Meltzer, eds. 1985. Environments and Extinctions: Man in Late Glacial North America. Peopling of the Americas Edited Volume Series, Center for the Study of Early Man.
79. Meinig, D.W., ed. 1979. The Interpretation of Ordinary Landscapes: Geographical Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
80. Mora, S., L.F. Herrera, I. Cavelier, and C. Rodríquez. 1991. Cultivars, Anthropic Soils and Stability: A Preliminary Report of Archaeological Research in Araracuara, Columbian Amazonia. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh. (Also published by Programa Tropenbos, Bogotá, Columbia, in Spanish.)
81. Odum, E.P. 1971 [1954]. Fundamentals of Ecology. Saunders, Philadelphia.
82. O'Hara, S.L., F.A. Street-Perrott, and T.P. Burt. 1993. Accelerated Soil Erosion Around a Mexican Highland Lake Caused by Prehispanic Agriculture. Nature 36:48-51.
83. Owen-Smith, and W.M. Denevan. 1967. Pre-Columbian Ridged Fields. Scientific American 217:92-100.
84. Pickett, S.T.A., and P.S. White, eds. 1986. The Ecology of Natural Disturbance and Patch Dynamics. New York: Academic Press.
85. Plazas, C., and A.M. Falchetti. 1987. Poblamiento y adecuación hidráulica en el bajo Río San Jorge, Costa Atlantica, Colombia. In W.M. Denevan, K. Matthewson, and G. Knapp, eds., Prehistoric Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region. Oxford: B.A.R. International Series 359.
86. Posey, D.A. 1987. "Contact before Contact: Typology of Post-Columbian Interaction with Northern Kayapo of the Amazon Basin," Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Serie Antropologia, 3(2), 1987: 135-154.
87. Posey, D.A. 1985. Indigenous Management of Tropical Forest Ecosystems: The Case of the Kayapó Indians of the Brazilian Amazon. Agroforestry Systems 3:139-158.
88. Preston, D. 1997. The Lost Man. The New Yorker, June 16, p. 71-80.
89. Pyne, S.J. 1993. Keeper of the Flame: A Survey of Anthropogenic Fire. In Crutzen, P.J. and J.G. Goldammer, eds. Fire in the Environment: its Ecological, Climatic, and Atmospheric Chemical Importance of Vegetation Fires. New York: Wiley.
90. _. 1982. Fire in America: A Cultural History of Wildland and Rural Fire. Princeton: Princeton University Press
91. Quine, T.A. 1995. Soil Analysis and Archaeological Site Formation Studies. In A.J. Barham and R.I. Macphail, eds., Archaeological Sediments and Soils: Analysis, Interpretation and Management. Papers from the 10th Anniversary Conference of the Association for Environmental Archaeology at the Institute of Archaeology, July, 1989: University College, London.
92. Raab, L.B. 1992. An optimal foraging analysis of prehistoric shellfish collecting on San Clemente Island, California. Journal of Ethnobiology 12(1):63-80.
93. Redford, K.H. 1992. The Empty Forest. Bioscience 42:412-422.
94. _. 1990. The Ecologically Noble Savage. Cultural Survival Quarterly 15(1): 46-48. [Orion, Spring 1990.]
95. Rice, D.S., P.M. Rice and E.S. Deevey, Jr. 1985. Paradise Lost: Classic Maya Impact on a Lacustrine Environment. In M. Pohl, ed., pp. 21-33, Prehistoric Maya Environment and Subsistence Economy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
96. Riley, D.N. 1987. Air Photography and Archaeology. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
97. Roosevelt, A.C. 1991. Moundbuilders of the Amazon: Geophysical Archaeology on Marajo Island, Brazil New York: Academic Press.
98. _. 1987. Chiefdoms in the Amazon and Orinoco. In R. Drennan and C. Uribe, eds., Chiefdoms in the Americas. University Press of America.
99. Rostlund, E. 1960. The Geographic Range of the Historic Bison in the Southeast. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 50:397-407.
100. Russell, E.W.B. 1997. People and the Land through Time: Linking Ecology and History. New Haven: Yale University Press.
101. Saldarriaga, J.G. and D.C. West. 1986. Holocene Fires in the Northern Amazon Basin. Quaternary Research 26:358-66.
102. Sandor, S.J. 1992. Long-term Effects of Prehistoric Agriculture on Soils: Examples from New Mexico and Peru. In V.T. Holliday, ed., Soils in Archaeology. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
103. Schuldenrein, J. 1995. Geochemistry, Phosphate Fractionation, and the Detection of Activity Areas at Prehistoric North American Sites. In M.E. Collins et al., eds., p.107-132. Pedological Perspectives in Archaeological Research. Soil Science Society of America Special Publication Number 44, Madison, Wisconsin.
104. Siemens, A.F. 1989. Tierra Configurada. Mexico City: Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes.
105. Simpson, I.A. 1997. Relict Properties of Anthrogenic Deep Top Soils as Indicators of Infield Management in Marwick, West Mainland, Orkney. Journal of Archaeological Science 24:365-380.
106. Smith, H.H. 1879. Brazil, the Amazons and the Coast. New York: Charles Scribners and Sons.
107. Smith, N.J.H. 1980. Anthrosols and Human Carrying Capacity in Amazonia. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 70:553-566.
108. Stevens, W.K. 1997. New Suspect in Ancient Extinctions: Disease. Science Times, New York Times, Tuesday, April 29, 1997.
109. Thomas, W.L., Jr., ed., 1956. Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. International Symposium on Man's Role in Changing the Face of the Earth (1955 : Princeton, N.J.)
110. Thornes, J.B. 1987. The Paleoecology of Erosion. In J.M. Wagstaff, ed., Landscape and Culture: Geographical and Archaeological Perspectives. London: Blackwell.
111. Turner, B.L. II and P.D. Harrison. 1981. Prehistoric Raised Field Agriculture in the Maya Lowlands, Science 213:399-405.
112. Vivian, R.G. 1974. Conservation and Diversion: Water Control Systems in the Anasazi Southwest. In Irrigation's Impact on Society. Anthropological Papers 25. Tuscon: University of Arizona Press.
113. Woodcock, D.W. 1994. The Burning of the New World: The Extent and Significance of Broadcast Burning by Early Humans. In Kammen, D.M. et al., eds., Preindustrial Human Environmental Impacts: Are There Lessons for Science and Policy? Chemosphere 29(5):935-948.
114. Woods, W.I. 1995. Terra Preta do Índio: Implications for the Depiction of Anthrosols. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, 18 March 1995, Chicago.
115. _. 1977. The Quantitative Analysis of Soil Phosphate, American Antiquity 42(2):248-252.
116. _, and J.M. McCann, forthcoming. The Anthropogenic Origin and Persistence of Amazonian Dark Earths. Manuscript.
117. Worster, D. 1992. Nature's Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. New York: Cambridge University Press.
118. Zimmerer, K.S. 1995. The Origins of Andean Irrigation, Nature 387: 481-483.
119. _. 1994. Human Geography and the "New Ecology," Annals AAG 84(1):108-125.