'Fishing farmers' or 'farming fishermen'? The quest for household income and nutritional security on the Kenyan shores of Lake Victoria

African Affairs

Volumn 96, Issue 382, 1997, Pages 73-93

  Geheb, Kim ^a,b   Binns, Tony ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^b Kenyan Sector of Lake Victoria ^*  (Kenya)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002391213     PISSN: 00019909     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a007822     Document Type: Article

References (78)

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23. K. Geheb, 'Exploring people-environment relationships: the changing nature of the small-scale fishery in the Kenyan sector of Lake Victoria', in Binns, People and Environment in Africa, pp. 91-101. T. Panayotou, Management Concepts for Small-scale Fisheries: Economic and social aspects (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper no. 228. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome, 1982).
24. K. Geheb, 'Exploring people-environment relationships: the changing nature of the small-scale fishery in the Kenyan sector of Lake Victoria', in Binns, People and Environment in Africa, pp. 91-101. T. Panayotou, Management Concepts for Small-scale Fisheries: Economic and social aspects (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper no. 228. Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome, 1982).
25. T. Panayotou, Management Concepts for Small-scale Fisheries.
26. T. Panayotou, Management Concepts for Small-scale Fisheries.
27. K. Geheb, 1995, 'Exploring people-environment relationships, H. Fearn, 1961. An African Economy.
28. Also known as 'Nyanza Gulf.
29. J. Okedi, Fishery Resources: Their exploitation, management and conservation in Africa; in Development and the East African Environment, (IDS Discussion Paper no. 15. Institute of Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, 1975).
30. Colony and Protectorate of Kenya, Report on Kenya Fisheries 1960. (Government Printer, Nairobi, 1961).
31. D. J. Garrod, 'The history of the fishing industry of Lake Victoria, East Africa, in relation to the expansion of marketing facilities', East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 27, 2 (1961), pp. 95-99.
32. M. Graham, A Report on the Fishing Survey of Lake Victoria 1927-1928 and Appendices (Crown Agents for the Colonies, London, 1929); R. S. A. Beaucamp, 'The danger of overfishing existing stocks of tilapia, with particular reference to Lake Victoria and the Kavirondo Gulf, in East Africa High Commission, East African Fisheries Research Organization Annual Report 1954/1955, pp. 30-34; (EAFRO, Jinja, Uganda, 1955); J. E. Reynolds and D. F. Greboval. Socio-economic Effects of the Evolution of Nile Perch Fisheries in Lake Victoria: a review (CIFA Technical Paper No. 17. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, 1988).
33. M. Graham, A Report on the Fishing Survey of Lake Victoria 1927-1928 and Appendices (Crown Agents for the Colonies, London, 1929); R. S. A. Beaucamp, 'The danger of overfishing existing stocks of tilapia, with particular reference to Lake Victoria and the Kavirondo Gulf, in East Africa High Commission, East African Fisheries Research Organization Annual Report 1954/1955, pp. 30-34; (EAFRO, Jinja, Uganda, 1955); J. E. Reynolds and D. F. Greboval. Socio-economic Effects of the Evolution of Nile Perch Fisheries in Lake Victoria: a review (CIFA Technical Paper No. 17. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, 1988).
34. M. Graham, A Report on the Fishing Survey of Lake Victoria 1927-1928 and Appendices (Crown Agents for the Colonies, London, 1929); R. S. A. Beaucamp, 'The danger of overfishing existing stocks of tilapia, with particular reference to Lake Victoria and the Kavirondo Gulf, in East Africa High Commission, East African Fisheries Research Organization Annual Report 1954/1955, pp. 30-34; (EAFRO, Jinja, Uganda, 1955); J. E. Reynolds and D. F. Greboval. Socio-economic Effects of the Evolution of Nile Perch Fisheries in Lake Victoria: a review (CIFA Technical Paper No. 17. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, 1988).
35. A. M. Anderson, 'Further observations concerning the proposed introduction of Nile Perch into Lake Victoria', East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 26, 4 (1961) pp. 195-201; G. Fryer, 'Concerning the proposed introduction of Nile perch into Lake Victoria', East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 25, 4 (1960) pp. 267-270.
36. A. M. Anderson, 'Further observations concerning the proposed introduction of Nile Perch into Lake Victoria', East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 26, 4 (1961) pp. 195-201; G. Fryer, 'Concerning the proposed introduction of Nile perch into Lake Victoria', East African Agricultural and Forestry Journal, 25, 4 (1960) pp. 267-270.
37. J. E. Reynolds, D. F. Greboval and P. Mannini, 'Thirty Years on: Observations on the development of the Nile perch fishery in Lake Victoria'. Paper prepared for presentation at the 'Symposium on Impact of Species Changes in African Lakes', Renewable Resources Assessment Group, 27-31 March, Imperial College, London, 1992.
38. G. W. Coulter et al., 'Unique qualities and special problems of the great African lakes', Environmental Biology of Fishes, 17, 3 (1986), pp. 161-183.
39. F. Witte et al., 'Species extinction and concomitant ecological changes in Lake Victoria', Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 42, 2-3 (1992), pp. 214-232. ]
40. T. Goldschmidt, F. Witte and J. Wanink, 'Cascading effects of the introduced Nile perch on the detrivorous/phytoplanktivorous species in the sublittoral areas of Lake Victoria', Conservation Biology, 7, 3 (1993), pp. 686-700.
41. T. Goldschmidt, F. Witte and J. Wanink, 'Cascading effects of the introduced Nile perch'.
42. R. E. Hecky, 'The Eutrophication of Lake Victoria', Verb. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 25, Sept (1993), pp. 39-48; P. B. O. Ochumba and D. I. Kibaara, Observations of blue-green algal blooms in the open waters of Lake Victoria, Kenya' African Journal of Ecology, 27 (1989), pp. 23-34.
43. R. E. Hecky, 'The Eutrophication of Lake Victoria', Verb. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 25, Sept (1993), pp. 39-48; P. B. O. Ochumba and D. I. Kibaara, Observations of blue-green algal blooms in the open waters of Lake Victoria, Kenya' African Journal of Ecology, 27 (1989), pp. 23-34.
44. R. E. Hecky, 'The Eutrophication of Lake Victoria'.
45. L. Kaufman, 'Catastrophic change in species-rich freshwater ecosystems: the lessons of Lake Victoria', BioScience, 42, 11, pp. 846-858.
46. L. Kaufman and P. Ochumba, 'Evolutionary and Conservation Biology of Cichlid Species as Revealed by Faunal Remnants in Northern Lake Victoria, Conservation Biology, 7, 3 (1993), pp. 719-730.
47. D. Greboval and D. Fryd, Inland Fisheries of Eastern, Central/Southern Africa: Basic fisheries statistics, (FAO/UNDP (Bujumbura), Ref.: RAF/87/099-TD/52/93 (En.), Food and Agriculture Organisation, Rome, 1993).
48. J. G. Wandera, 'Possible Causes of Occasional Massive Fish Deaths in Lake Victoria', in Ogutu, Artisanal Fisheries of Lake Victoria, Kenya.
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52. Greboval and Fryd, Inland Fisheries of Eastern, Central/Southern Africa; J. I. Ochieng' Okach, 'The development of Lake Victoria fisheries (Kenya) to date and priority areas for future research', in Ogutu, Artisanal Fisheries of Lake Victoria, Kenya, pp. 107-111.
53. Republic of Kenya, Busia District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Migori District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Kisumu District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi (1994); Republic of Kenya. Siaya District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Homa Bay District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994).
54. Republic of Kenya, Busia District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Migori District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Kisumu District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi (1994); Republic of Kenya. Siaya District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Homa Bay District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994).
55. Republic of Kenya, Busia District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Migori District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Kisumu District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi (1994); Republic of Kenya. Siaya District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Homa Bay District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994).
56. Republic of Kenya, Busia District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Migori District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Kisumu District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi (1994); Republic of Kenya. Siaya District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Homa Bay District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994).
57. Republic of Kenya, Busia District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Migori District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Kisumu District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi (1994); Republic of Kenya. Siaya District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994); Republic of Kenya, Homa Bay District Development Plan 1994-1996. Rural Planning Department, Office of the Vice-President and Ministry of Planning and National Development. Government Printer, Nairobi, (1994).
58. J. E. Reynolds, Thirty Years On.
59. G. E. M. Ogutu, Artisanal Fisheries of Lake Victoria, Kenya.
60. See Republic of Kenya, Development Plan 1989-1993 (Government Printer, Nairobi, 1988); and J. E. Reynolds and D. F. Greboval, Social-economic Effects of the Evolution of Nile Perch Fisheries in Lake Victoria (1988).
61. See Republic of Kenya, Development Plan 1989-1993 (Government Printer, Nairobi, 1988); and J. E. Reynolds and D. F. Greboval, Social-economic Effects of the Evolution of Nile Perch Fisheries in Lake Victoria (1988).
62. n=70 - stated incomes for 1993 at Ksh. 36/- to the US $.
63. n=44, who stated their incomes; another sample of 83 boat owners earned on average US$ 14,492 in 1994 before cost deductions (source: West Imbo Fishermen's Co-operarive Society, Osieko Beach Branch, and Dunga Fishermen's Co-operative Society).
64. 1 US$=Ksh. 45/- in 1994.
65. K. Geheb, 'Exploring people-environment relationships. C. K. Harris, 'Distributional and Redistributional Impacts of Lake Victoria Fisheries Introductions', paper presented at the 'Symposium on the Impact of Species Changes in African Lakes', 27-31 March 1992, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, U.K., 1992.
66. K. Geheb, unpublished data, gathered between March 1994 and March 1995 from all lake-shore districts.
67. K. Geheb, 1995, 'Exploring people-environment relationships'.
68. M. L. Oduor-Otieno et al., A Study of the Supply Function for Fish in the Kenya Waters of Lake Victoria and on the Kenya Coast (I. D. S. Working Paper No. 346, Institute of Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya, 1978).
69. K. Geheb, unpublished data, gathered between March 1994 and March 1995 from all lake-shore districts.
70. R. S. Herring, 1979, 'The influence of climate on the migrations of the Central and Southern Luo'.
71. K. Geheb, unpublished data, gathered between March 1994 and March 1995 from all lake-shore districts.
72. M. S. Chaiken, 1988, 'Anthropology, Nutrition and the Design of a Health Intervention Program in Western Kenya', W. T. Conelly, 'Population Pressure, Labor Availability, and Agricultural Disintensification: The Decline of Farming on Rusinga Island, Kenya', Human Ecology, 22, 2 (1994), pp. 145-170.
73. M. S. Chaiken, 1988, 'Anthropology, Nutrition and the Design of a Health Intervention Program in Western Kenya', W. T. Conelly, 'Population Pressure, Labor Availability, and Agricultural Disintensification: The Decline of Farming on Rusinga Island, Kenya', Human Ecology, 22, 2 (1994), pp. 145-170.
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75. H. Fearn, An Africa Economy.
76. W. T. Conelly, 'Population Pressure, Labor Availability, and Agricultural Disintensification.
77. n=113, excluding 6 without any land, and 3 'not available'.
78. E. Francis and J. Hoddinott, 'Migration and Differentiation in Western Kenya: A Tale of Two Sub-locations', The Journal of Development Studies, 30, 1 (1993), pp. 115-145.