Caroline, Leibniz, and Clarke

Journal of the History of Ideas

Volumn 60, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 469-486

  Meli, D Bertoloni ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0002375512     PISSN: 00225037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3654014     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Preliminary versions of this paper were delivered at New Orleans, the Dibner Institute, Toronto University, Indiana University, and All Souls College, Oxford. I wish to thank Herbert Breger, Ann Carmichael, Moti Feingold, Marina Frasca Spada, Michael Friedman, Ken Howell, Andrew Janiak, Nick Jardine, Brandon Look, John Milbank, Margareth Schabas, John Yolton and all those who offered comments and criticisms, especially John Murdoch, who delivered the first version of this essay, which is dedicated to I. Bernard Cohen.
2. 2). A useful list of editions is provided by V. Schüller, Der Leibniz-Clarke Briefwechsel (Berlin, 1991), 566-70.
3. 2). A useful list of editions is provided by V. Schüller, Der Leibniz-Clarke Briefwechsel (Berlin, 1991), 566-70.
4. 2). A useful list of editions is provided by V. Schüller, Der Leibniz-Clarke Briefwechsel (Berlin, 1991), 566-70.
5. O. Klopp, Die Werke von Leibniz. Erste Reihe (11 vols.; Berlin, 1864-84); J.M. Kemble, State papers and correspondence illustrative of the social and political state of Europe from the revolution to the accession of the house of Hanover (London, 1857); Schüller, Der Leibniz-Clarke Briefwechsel.
6. O. Klopp, Die Werke von Leibniz. Erste Reihe (11 vols.; Berlin, 1864-84); J.M. Kemble, State papers and correspondence illustrative of the social and political state of Europe from the revolution to the accession of the house of Hanover (London, 1857); Schüller, Der Leibniz-Clarke Briefwechsel.
7. O. Klopp, Die Werke von Leibniz. Erste Reihe (11 vols.; Berlin, 1864-84); J.M. Kemble, State papers and correspondence illustrative of the social and political state of Europe from the revolution to the accession of the house of Hanover (London, 1857); Schüller, Der Leibniz-Clarke Briefwechsel.
8. E. J. Aiton, Leibniz. A Biography (Bristol, 1985), 177-78.
9. See D. Bertoloni Meli, Equivalence and Priority: Newton versus Leibniz (Oxford, 1993).
10. See Aiton, Leibniz. A Biography, 171.
11. See Ernst Cassirer, "Newton and Leibniz," Philosophical Review, 52 (1943), 336-69; Alexandre Koyré, From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe (Baltimore, 1957); Alexandre Koyré and I. Bernard Cohen, "The Case of the Missing Tanquam: Leibniz, Newton and Clarke," Isis, 52 (1961), 555-66; and "Newton and the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence," Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences, 15 (1962), 63-126; L. Stewart, "Samuel Clarke, Newtonianism, and the Factions of Post-Revolutionary England," JHI, 42 (1981), 53-72; Stephen Shapin, "Of Gods and Kings: Politics and the Leibniz-Clarke Dispute," Isis, 72 (1981), 187-215; also the exchange between J. E. McGuire, "Predicates of Pure Existence: Newton on God's Space and Time," and J. Carriero, "Newton on Space and Time: Comments on J. E. McGuire," in P. Bricker and R. I. G. Hughes (eds.), Philosophical Perspectives on Newtonian Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1990), 91-108 and 109-33.
12. See Ernst Cassirer, "Newton and Leibniz," Philosophical Review, 52 (1943), 336-69; Alexandre Koyré, From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe (Baltimore, 1957); Alexandre Koyré and I. Bernard Cohen, "The Case of the Missing Tanquam: Leibniz, Newton and Clarke," Isis, 52 (1961), 555-66; and "Newton and the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence," Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences, 15 (1962), 63-126; L. Stewart, "Samuel Clarke, Newtonianism, and the Factions of Post-Revolutionary England," JHI, 42 (1981), 53-72; Stephen Shapin, "Of Gods and Kings: Politics and the Leibniz-Clarke Dispute," Isis, 72 (1981), 187-215; also the exchange between J. E. McGuire, "Predicates of Pure Existence: Newton on God's Space and Time," and J. Carriero, "Newton on Space and Time: Comments on J. E. McGuire," in P. Bricker and R. I. G. Hughes (eds.), Philosophical Perspectives on Newtonian Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1990), 91-108 and 109-33.
13. See Ernst Cassirer, "Newton and Leibniz," Philosophical Review, 52 (1943), 336-69; Alexandre Koyré, From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe (Baltimore, 1957); Alexandre Koyré and I. Bernard Cohen, "The Case of the Missing Tanquam: Leibniz, Newton and Clarke," Isis, 52 (1961), 555-66; and "Newton and the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence," Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences, 15 (1962), 63-126; L. Stewart, "Samuel Clarke, Newtonianism, and the Factions of Post-Revolutionary England," JHI, 42 (1981), 53-72; Stephen Shapin, "Of Gods and Kings: Politics and the Leibniz-Clarke Dispute," Isis, 72 (1981), 187-215; also the exchange between J. E. McGuire, "Predicates of Pure Existence: Newton on God's Space and Time," and J. Carriero, "Newton on Space and Time: Comments on J. E. McGuire," in P. Bricker and R. I. G. Hughes (eds.), Philosophical Perspectives on Newtonian Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1990), 91-108 and 109-33.
14. See Ernst Cassirer, "Newton and Leibniz," Philosophical Review, 52 (1943), 336-69; Alexandre Koyré, From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe (Baltimore, 1957); Alexandre Koyré and I. Bernard Cohen, "The Case of the Missing Tanquam: Leibniz, Newton and Clarke," Isis, 52 (1961), 555-66; and "Newton and the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence," Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences, 15 (1962), 63-126; L. Stewart, "Samuel Clarke, Newtonianism, and the Factions of Post-Revolutionary England," JHI, 42 (1981), 53-72; Stephen Shapin, "Of Gods and Kings: Politics and the Leibniz-Clarke Dispute," Isis, 72 (1981), 187-215; also the exchange between J. E. McGuire, "Predicates of Pure Existence: Newton on God's Space and Time," and J. Carriero, "Newton on Space and Time: Comments on J. E. McGuire," in P. Bricker and R. I. G. Hughes (eds.), Philosophical Perspectives on Newtonian Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1990), 91-108 and 109-33.
15. See Ernst Cassirer, "Newton and Leibniz," Philosophical Review, 52 (1943), 336-69; Alexandre Koyré, From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe (Baltimore, 1957); Alexandre Koyré and I. Bernard Cohen, "The Case of the Missing Tanquam: Leibniz, Newton and Clarke," Isis, 52 (1961), 555-66; and "Newton and the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence," Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences, 15 (1962), 63-126; L. Stewart, "Samuel Clarke, Newtonianism, and the Factions of Post-Revolutionary England," JHI, 42 (1981), 53-72; Stephen Shapin, "Of Gods and Kings: Politics and the Leibniz-Clarke Dispute," Isis, 72 (1981), 187-215; also the exchange between J. E. McGuire, "Predicates of Pure Existence: Newton on God's Space and Time," and J. Carriero, "Newton on Space and Time: Comments on J. E. McGuire," in P. Bricker and R. I. G. Hughes (eds.), Philosophical Perspectives on Newtonian Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1990), 91-108 and 109-33.
16. See Ernst Cassirer, "Newton and Leibniz," Philosophical Review, 52 (1943), 336-69; Alexandre Koyré, From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe (Baltimore, 1957); Alexandre Koyré and I. Bernard Cohen, "The Case of the Missing Tanquam: Leibniz, Newton and Clarke," Isis, 52 (1961), 555-66; and "Newton and the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence," Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences, 15 (1962), 63-126; L. Stewart, "Samuel Clarke, Newtonianism, and the Factions of Post-Revolutionary England," JHI, 42 (1981), 53-72; Stephen Shapin, "Of Gods and Kings: Politics and the Leibniz-Clarke Dispute," Isis, 72 (1981), 187-215; also the exchange between J. E. McGuire, "Predicates of Pure Existence: Newton on God's Space and Time," and J. Carriero, "Newton on Space and Time: Comments on J. E. McGuire," in P. Bricker and R. I. G. Hughes (eds.), Philosophical Perspectives on Newtonian Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1990), 91-108 and 109-33.
17. See Ernst Cassirer, "Newton and Leibniz," Philosophical Review, 52 (1943), 336-69; Alexandre Koyré, From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe (Baltimore, 1957); Alexandre Koyré and I. Bernard Cohen, "The Case of the Missing Tanquam: Leibniz, Newton and Clarke," Isis, 52 (1961), 555-66; and "Newton and the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence," Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences, 15 (1962), 63-126; L. Stewart, "Samuel Clarke, Newtonianism, and the Factions of Post-Revolutionary England," JHI, 42 (1981), 53-72; Stephen Shapin, "Of Gods and Kings: Politics and the Leibniz-Clarke Dispute," Isis, 72 (1981), 187-215; also the exchange between J. E. McGuire, "Predicates of Pure Existence: Newton on God's Space and Time," and J. Carriero, "Newton on Space and Time: Comments on J. E. McGuire," in P. Bricker and R. I. G. Hughes (eds.), Philosophical Perspectives on Newtonian Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1990), 91-108 and 109-33.
18. See Ernst Cassirer, "Newton and Leibniz," Philosophical Review, 52 (1943), 336-69; Alexandre Koyré, From the Closed World to the Infinite Universe (Baltimore, 1957); Alexandre Koyré and I. Bernard Cohen, "The Case of the Missing Tanquam: Leibniz, Newton and Clarke," Isis, 52 (1961), 555-66; and "Newton and the Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence," Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences, 15 (1962), 63-126; L. Stewart, "Samuel Clarke, Newtonianism, and the Factions of Post-Revolutionary England," JHI, 42 (1981), 53-72; Stephen Shapin, "Of Gods and Kings: Politics and the Leibniz-Clarke Dispute," Isis, 72 (1981), 187-215; also the exchange between J. E. McGuire, "Predicates of Pure Existence: Newton on God's Space and Time," and J. Carriero, "Newton on Space and Time: Comments on J. E. McGuire," in P. Bricker and R. I. G. Hughes (eds.), Philosophical Perspectives on Newtonian Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1990), 91-108 and 109-33.
19. Londa Schiebinger, The Mind Has No Sex? Women and the Origins of Modern Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1989); G. Calvi (ed.), Barocco al femminile (Rome, 1992); Natalie Zemon Davis and A. Farge (eds.), Storia delle donne in Occidente. Dal Rinascimento all'età moderna (Rome, 1991). Caroline's spelling is reproduced by Kemble. For biographical information on Caroline see DNB.
20. Londa Schiebinger, The Mind Has No Sex? Women and the Origins of Modern Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1989); G. Calvi (ed.), Barocco al femminile (Rome, 1992); Natalie Zemon Davis and A. Farge (eds.), Storia delle donne in Occidente. Dal Rinascimento all'età moderna (Rome, 1991). Caroline's spelling is reproduced by Kemble. For biographical information on Caroline see DNB.
21. Londa Schiebinger, The Mind Has No Sex? Women and the Origins of Modern Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1989); G. Calvi (ed.), Barocco al femminile (Rome, 1992); Natalie Zemon Davis and A. Farge (eds.), Storia delle donne in Occidente. Dal Rinascimento all'età moderna (Rome, 1991). Caroline's spelling is reproduced by Kemble. For biographical information on Caroline see DNB.
22. Londa Schiebinger, The Mind Has No Sex? Women and the Origins of Modern Science (Cambridge, Mass., 1989); G. Calvi (ed.), Barocco al femminile (Rome, 1992); Natalie Zemon Davis and A. Farge (eds.), Storia delle donne in Occidente. Dal Rinascimento all'età moderna (Rome, 1991). Caroline's spelling is reproduced by Kemble. For biographical information on Caroline see DNB.
23. Aiton, Leibniz. A Biography, 232.
24. Klopp, IX, 240, Leibniz to Anton Ulrich, 2 November 1706. Klopp, IX, 107-9; R.L. Arkell, "Des Hauses Oesterreich Werben um Caroline von Ansbach, spätere Gemahlin Georgs II," Niedersächsisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte, 15 (1938), 114-41.
25. Diary of Mary Countess Cowper, Lady of the Bedchamber to the Princess of Wales. 1714-1720 (London, 1864), 41; E. Mazingue, Anton Ulrich Duc de Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1633-1714). Un Prince romancier au XVIIème siècle (2 vols; Bern, 1976), I, 481-82; Klopp, XI, 52, Caroline to Leibniz, 26 November 1715.
26. Diary of Mary Countess Cowper, Lady of the Bedchamber to the Princess of Wales. 1714-1720 (London, 1864), 41; E. Mazingue, Anton Ulrich Duc de Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1633-1714). Un Prince romancier au XVIIème siècle (2 vols; Bern, 1976), I, 481-82; Klopp, XI, 52, Caroline to Leibniz, 26 November 1715.
27. On Clarke see Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Dictionary of National Biography, and L. Stewart, The Rise of Public Science (Cambridge, 1992), ch. 3; Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution, 1689-1720 (Ithaca, 1976), ch. 4; N. Sykes, William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1657-1737 (2 vols; Cambridge, 1957), II, 154-60; W. Coxe, Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole (3 vols; London, 1798), I, 272-76, for Caroline's friendship with Clarke.
28. On Clarke see Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Dictionary of National Biography, and L. Stewart, The Rise of Public Science (Cambridge, 1992), ch. 3; Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution, 1689-1720 (Ithaca, 1976), ch. 4; N. Sykes, William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1657-1737 (2 vols; Cambridge, 1957), II, 154-60; W. Coxe, Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole (3 vols; London, 1798), I, 272-76, for Caroline's friendship with Clarke.
29. On Clarke see Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Dictionary of National Biography, and L. Stewart, The Rise of Public Science (Cambridge, 1992), ch. 3; Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution, 1689-1720 (Ithaca, 1976), ch. 4; N. Sykes, William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1657-1737 (2 vols; Cambridge, 1957), II, 154-60; W. Coxe, Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole (3 vols; London, 1798), I, 272-76, for Caroline's friendship with Clarke.
30. On Clarke see Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Dictionary of National Biography, and L. Stewart, The Rise of Public Science (Cambridge, 1992), ch. 3; Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution, 1689-1720 (Ithaca, 1976), ch. 4; N. Sykes, William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1657-1737 (2 vols; Cambridge, 1957), II, 154-60; W. Coxe, Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole (3 vols; London, 1798), I, 272-76, for Caroline's friendship with Clarke.
31. On Clarke see Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Dictionary of National Biography, and L. Stewart, The Rise of Public Science (Cambridge, 1992), ch. 3; Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution, 1689-1720 (Ithaca, 1976), ch. 4; N. Sykes, William Wake, Archbishop of Canterbury, 1657-1737 (2 vols; Cambridge, 1957), II, 154-60; W. Coxe, Memoirs of the Life and Administration of Sir Robert Walpole (3 vols; London, 1798), I, 272-76, for Caroline's friendship with Clarke.
32. Diary of Mary Countess Cowper, 13, 14, 17-18, 74. Klopp, XI, 37-38, 10 May 1715. Kemble, 528ff.
33. Klopp, XI, 38-39; L. Verlet, La Malle de Newton (Paris, 1993), 341-46.
34. G. W. Leibniz, Essais de Théodicée (Amsterdam, 1710), tr. E. M. Huggard; Theodicy (LaSaIIe, Ill., 1951), Preliminary Dissertation, par. 19.
35. G. W. Leibniz, Essais de Théodicée (Amsterdam, 1710), tr. E. M. Huggard; Theodicy (LaSaIIe, Ill., 1951), Preliminary Dissertation, par. 19.
36. Newton's copy of Leibniz's Théodicée is in Trinity College Library, Cambridge, classmark NQ.8.82; I. Newton, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. The third edition (1726) with variant readings, ed. Alexandre Koyré and I. Bernard Cohen, with the assistance of A. Whitman (2 vols; Cambridge, 1972), II, 762.
37. Newton's copy of Leibniz's Théodicée is in Trinity College Library, Cambridge, classmark NQ.8.82; I. Newton, Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. The third edition (1726) with variant readings, ed. Alexandre Koyré and I. Bernard Cohen, with the assistance of A. Whitman (2 vols; Cambridge, 1972), II, 762.
38. Theodicy, Preliminary Dissertation, par. 18; Amos Funkenstein, Theology and the Scientific Imagination from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century (Princeton, 1986), 70-71 and 109; H. Grass, Die Abendmahlslehre bei Luther und Calvin (Gütersloh, 1954 2).
39. Theodicy, Preliminary Dissertation, par. 18; Amos Funkenstein, Theology and the Scientific Imagination from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century (Princeton, 1986), 70-71 and 109; H. Grass, Die Abendmahlslehre bei Luther und Calvin (Gütersloh, 1954 2).
40. Theodicy, Preliminary Dissertation, par. 18; Amos Funkenstein, Theology and the Scientific Imagination from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century (Princeton, 1986), 70-71 and 109; H. Grass, Die Abendmahlslehre bei Luther und Calvin (Gütersloh, 1954 2).
41. John Locke, A second vindication of the reasonabless of Christianity, in The Works of John Locke (10 vols.; London, 1823), VII, 390-91 ; Arthur W. Wainwright (ed.), A paraphrase and notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians by John Locke (2 vols; Oxford, 1987), I, 45-46, 215 and 439, claims that Locke believed the third version.
42. John Locke, A second vindication of the reasonabless of Christianity, in The Works of John Locke (10 vols.; London, 1823), VII, 390-91 ; Arthur W. Wainwright (ed.), A paraphrase and notes on the Epistles of St. Paul to the Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians, Romans, Ephesians by John Locke (2 vols; Oxford, 1987), I, 45-46, 215 and 439, claims that Locke believed the third version.
43. John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, ed. P. H. Nidditch (Oxford, 1979), 692.
44. Theodicy, Preliminary Dissertation, par. 19.
45. Bertrand Russell, A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz (London, 1937 [1900]), par. 47.
46. P. Schrecker (ed.), G. W. Leibniz. Lettres et Fragments Inédits sur les problèmes philosophiques, théologiques, politiques de la réconciliation des doctrines protestantes (1669-1704) (Paris, 1934), 26-27, 41-34, 86-89, and 94-99. Leibniz's Tentamen expositionis irenicae appeared in Ph. J. Spener, Consilia et judicia theologica latina (Frankfurt a.M., 1709), 105-10, esp. 107-10; see C. Mercer and Robert C. Sleigh, Jr., "Metaphysics: The Early Period to the Discourse on Metaphysics," in N. Jolley (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz (Cambridge, 1995), 67-123, esp. 68-69, and Daniel C. Fouke, "Metaphysics and the Eucharist in the Early Leibniz," Studia Leibnitiana, 24 (1992), 145-59; "Dynamics and Transubstantiation in Leibniz's Systema Theologicum," Journal of the History of Philosophy, 32 (1994), 45-61. The issue figures in the correspondence with Bartholomaeus Des Bosses, in D. Rutherford, Leibniz and the Rational Order of Nature (Cambridge, 1995), 278-82.
47. P. Schrecker (ed.), G. W. Leibniz. Lettres et Fragments Inédits sur les problèmes philosophiques, théologiques, politiques de la réconciliation des doctrines protestantes (1669-1704) (Paris, 1934), 26-27, 41-34, 86-89, and 94-99. Leibniz's Tentamen expositionis irenicae appeared in Ph. J. Spener, Consilia et judicia theologica latina (Frankfurt a.M., 1709), 105-10, esp. 107-10; see C. Mercer and Robert C. Sleigh, Jr., "Metaphysics: The Early Period to the Discourse on Metaphysics," in N. Jolley (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz (Cambridge, 1995), 67-123, esp. 68-69, and Daniel C. Fouke, "Metaphysics and the Eucharist in the Early Leibniz," Studia Leibnitiana, 24 (1992), 145-59; "Dynamics and Transubstantiation in Leibniz's Systema Theologicum," Journal of the History of Philosophy, 32 (1994), 45-61. The issue figures in the correspondence with Bartholomaeus Des Bosses, in D. Rutherford, Leibniz and the Rational Order of Nature (Cambridge, 1995), 278-82.
48. P. Schrecker (ed.), G. W. Leibniz. Lettres et Fragments Inédits sur les problèmes philosophiques, théologiques, politiques de la réconciliation des doctrines protestantes (1669-1704) (Paris, 1934), 26-27, 41-34, 86-89, and 94-99. Leibniz's Tentamen expositionis irenicae appeared in Ph. J. Spener, Consilia et judicia theologica latina (Frankfurt a.M., 1709), 105-10, esp. 107-10; see C. Mercer and Robert C. Sleigh, Jr., "Metaphysics: The Early Period to the Discourse on Metaphysics," in N. Jolley (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz (Cambridge, 1995), 67-123, esp. 68-69, and Daniel C. Fouke, "Metaphysics and the Eucharist in the Early Leibniz," Studia Leibnitiana, 24 (1992), 145-59; "Dynamics and Transubstantiation in Leibniz's Systema Theologicum," Journal of the History of Philosophy, 32 (1994), 45-61. The issue figures in the correspondence with Bartholomaeus Des Bosses, in D. Rutherford, Leibniz and the Rational Order of Nature (Cambridge, 1995), 278-82.
49. P. Schrecker (ed.), G. W. Leibniz. Lettres et Fragments Inédits sur les problèmes philosophiques, théologiques, politiques de la réconciliation des doctrines protestantes (1669-1704) (Paris, 1934), 26-27, 41-34, 86-89, and 94-99. Leibniz's Tentamen expositionis irenicae appeared in Ph. J. Spener, Consilia et judicia theologica latina (Frankfurt a.M., 1709), 105-10, esp. 107-10; see C. Mercer and Robert C. Sleigh, Jr., "Metaphysics: The Early Period to the Discourse on Metaphysics," in N. Jolley (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz (Cambridge, 1995), 67-123, esp. 68-69, and Daniel C. Fouke, "Metaphysics and the Eucharist in the Early Leibniz," Studia Leibnitiana, 24 (1992), 145-59; "Dynamics and Transubstantiation in Leibniz's Systema Theologicum," Journal of the History of Philosophy, 32 (1994), 45-61. The issue figures in the correspondence with Bartholomaeus Des Bosses, in D. Rutherford, Leibniz and the Rational Order of Nature (Cambridge, 1995), 278-82.
50. P. Schrecker (ed.), G. W. Leibniz. Lettres et Fragments Inédits sur les problèmes philosophiques, théologiques, politiques de la réconciliation des doctrines protestantes (1669-1704) (Paris, 1934), 26-27, 41-34, 86-89, and 94-99. Leibniz's Tentamen expositionis irenicae appeared in Ph. J. Spener, Consilia et judicia theologica latina (Frankfurt a.M., 1709), 105-10, esp. 107-10; see C. Mercer and Robert C. Sleigh, Jr., "Metaphysics: The Early Period to the Discourse on Metaphysics," in N. Jolley (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz (Cambridge, 1995), 67-123, esp. 68-69, and Daniel C. Fouke, "Metaphysics and the Eucharist in the Early Leibniz," Studia Leibnitiana, 24 (1992), 145-59; "Dynamics and Transubstantiation in Leibniz's Systema Theologicum," Journal of the History of Philosophy, 32 (1994), 45-61. The issue figures in the correspondence with Bartholomaeus Des Bosses, in D. Rutherford, Leibniz and the Rational Order of Nature (Cambridge, 1995), 278-82.
51. P. Schrecker (ed.), G. W. Leibniz. Lettres et Fragments Inédits sur les problèmes philosophiques, théologiques, politiques de la réconciliation des doctrines protestantes (1669-1704) (Paris, 1934), 26-27, 41-34, 86-89, and 94-99. Leibniz's Tentamen expositionis irenicae appeared in Ph. J. Spener, Consilia et judicia theologica latina (Frankfurt a.M., 1709), 105-10, esp. 107-10; see C. Mercer and Robert C. Sleigh, Jr., "Metaphysics: The Early Period to the Discourse on Metaphysics," in N. Jolley (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz (Cambridge, 1995), 67-123, esp. 68-69, and Daniel C. Fouke, "Metaphysics and the Eucharist in the Early Leibniz," Studia Leibnitiana, 24 (1992), 145-59; "Dynamics and Transubstantiation in Leibniz's Systema Theologicum," Journal of the History of Philosophy, 32 (1994), 45-61. The issue figures in the correspondence with Bartholomaeus Des Bosses, in D. Rutherford, Leibniz and the Rational Order of Nature (Cambridge, 1995), 278-82.
52. P. Schrecker (ed.), G. W. Leibniz. Lettres et Fragments Inédits sur les problèmes philosophiques, théologiques, politiques de la réconciliation des doctrines protestantes (1669-1704) (Paris, 1934), 26-27, 41-34, 86-89, and 94-99. Leibniz's Tentamen expositionis irenicae appeared in Ph. J. Spener, Consilia et judicia theologica latina (Frankfurt a.M., 1709), 105-10, esp. 107-10; see C. Mercer and Robert C. Sleigh, Jr., "Metaphysics: The Early Period to the Discourse on Metaphysics," in N. Jolley (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Leibniz (Cambridge, 1995), 67-123, esp. 68-69, and Daniel C. Fouke, "Metaphysics and the Eucharist in the Early Leibniz," Studia Leibnitiana, 24 (1992), 145-59; "Dynamics and Transubstantiation in Leibniz's Systema Theologicum," Journal of the History of Philosophy, 32 (1994), 45-61. The issue figures in the correspondence with Bartholomaeus Des Bosses, in D. Rutherford, Leibniz and the Rational Order of Nature (Cambridge, 1995), 278-82.
53. John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 91 (lines 12-18); 400 (lines 15-19); 692, (lines 3-7 - deleted by Coste: this passage is quoted above in the text - 10-11); 708-9 (lines 26-33 and 1-9); 713 (lines 6-7, 10, 14-16). See also N. Jolley, Leibniz and Locke: A Study of the "New Essays on Human Understanding" (Oxford, 1984).
54. John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 91 (lines 12-18); 400 (lines 15-19); 692, (lines 3-7 - deleted by Coste: this passage is quoted above in the text - 10-11); 708-9 (lines 26-33 and 1-9); 713 (lines 6-7, 10, 14-16). See also N. Jolley, Leibniz and Locke: A Study of the "New Essays on Human Understanding" (Oxford, 1984).
55. There are several references in Leibniz's correspondence pointing to his reliance on Coste's translation, e.g., Aiton, Leibniz: A Biography, 277; G. W. Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding (Cambridge, 1981), tr. and ed. P. Remnant and J. Bennett, 513.
56. There are several references in Leibniz's correspondence pointing to his reliance on Coste's translation, e.g., Aiton, Leibniz: A Biography, 277; G. W. Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding (Cambridge, 1981), tr. and ed. P. Remnant and J. Bennett, 513.
57. Ibid., 513-15.
58. Klopp, XI, 40, Leibniz informs Caroline of Locke's approval of Coste's translation of his work. E. Michaud, "Leibniz et l'Eucharestie," Revue Internationale de Théologie, 10 (1902), 693-712; see C. I. Gerhardt (ed.), Die philophischen Schriften von G. W. Leibniz (7 vols; Berlin, 1875-90), III, 323; Klopp, XI, 38, Leibniz to Caroline.
59. Klopp, XI, 40, Leibniz informs Caroline of Locke's approval of Coste's translation of his work. E. Michaud, "Leibniz et l'Eucharestie," Revue Internationale de Théologie, 10 (1902), 693-712; see C. I. Gerhardt (ed.), Die philophischen Schriften von G. W. Leibniz (7 vols; Berlin, 1875-90), III, 323; Klopp, XI, 38, Leibniz to Caroline.
60. Klopp, XI, 191, Caroline to Leibniz, 19 September 1716.
61. Klopp, XI, 50, Caroline to Leibniz, 14 November 1715; see Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution, 33 and 157-58. Newton visited Wake on two occasions, 8 and 13 November 1706. A general description of Wake's diary is in G. V. Bennett, "An unpublished diary of Archbishop William Wake," Studies in Church History; 3 (1966), 258-66; Klopp, XI, 132, Leibniz to Caroline, 18 August 1716, and 178-79, Leibniz to Desmaizeaux, 21 August 1716.
62. Klopp, XI, 50, Caroline to Leibniz, 14 November 1715; see Margaret C. Jacob, The Newtonians and the English Revolution, 33 and 157-58. Newton visited Wake on two occasions, 8 and 13 November 1706. A general description of Wake's diary is in G. V. Bennett, "An unpublished diary of Archbishop William Wake," Studies in Church History; 3 (1966), 258-66; Klopp, XI, 132, Leibniz to Caroline, 18 August 1716, and 178-79, Leibniz to Desmaizeaux, 21 August 1716.
63. G. J. Jordan, The Reunion of the Churches: A Study of G. W. Leibnitz and His Grea Attempt (London, 1927), ch. 7 on the reunion of the Protestant Churches; see A. T. Hart, The Life and Times of John Sharp Archbishop of York (London, 1949), 266 and 272-73, and T Newcome, The Life of John Sharpe, D.D. Lord Archbishop of York (2 vols; London, 1825), II. 279-83.
64. G. J. Jordan, The Reunion of the Churches: A Study of G. W. Leibnitz and His Grea Attempt (London, 1927), ch. 7 on the reunion of the Protestant Churches; see A. T. Hart, The Life and Times of John Sharp Archbishop of York (London, 1949), 266 and 272-73, and T Newcome, The Life of John Sharpe, D.D. Lord Archbishop of York (2 vols; London, 1825), II. 279-83.
65. G. J. Jordan, The Reunion of the Churches: A Study of G. W. Leibnitz and His Grea Attempt (London, 1927), ch. 7 on the reunion of the Protestant Churches; see A. T. Hart, The Life and Times of John Sharp Archbishop of York (London, 1949), 266 and 272-73, and T Newcome, The Life of John Sharpe, D.D. Lord Archbishop of York (2 vols; London, 1825), II. 279-83.
66. Theodicy, paragraphs 195 and 196, my emphasis. A dog-ear in his own copy of the Théodicée indicates that Newton paid attention to paragraph 195.
67. Klopp, XI, 20 and 25. Sykes, William Wake, II, pp. 6 and 20.
68. Sykes, William Wake, II, 3 and 106-7; Bennett, "Diary of Wake," 261-62. Wake's diary was unknown to Sykes. Newton and Clarke visited Caroline on 11 February 1716, just a few weeks after Wake's election.
69. Sykes, William Wake, II, 3 and 106-7; Bennett, "Diary of Wake," 261-62. Wake's diary was unknown to Sykes. Newton and Clarke visited Caroline on 11 February 1716, just a few weeks after Wake's election.
70. Quotations from H. G. Alexander, The Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence (Manchester 1956).
71. Alexander, The Leibniz-Clarke Correspondence, 29 and 35.
72. Theodicy, Preliminary Dissertation, par. 18; and see Jolley, Leibniz and Locke, ch. 2.
73. Theodicy, Preliminary Dissertation, par. 18; and see Jolley, Leibniz and Locke, ch. 2.
74. William Wake (1657-1737) wrote several pieces on the Eucharist: A Discourse of the Holy Eucharist, in the two great points of the Real Presence and the Adoration of the Host (London, 1687), 10-11 (quotation from 10), and 14. Sykes, William Wake, I, 25-28, 34-36, and 351-54.
75. William Wake (1657-1737) wrote several pieces on the Eucharist: A Discourse of the Holy Eucharist, in the two great points of the Real Presence and the Adoration of the Host (London, 1687), 10-11 (quotation from 10), and 14. Sykes, William Wake, I, 25-28, 34-36, and 351-54.
76. Jolley, Leibniz and Locke, 12-13; paragraph 19 of the Preliminary Discourse of the Theodicy mentions the Locke-Stillingfleet dispute; Klopp, XI, 47. I would also like to express the wish that a new English edition of the papers exchanged between Leibniz and Clarke will include the correspondence with Caroline as an integral and important part of that exchange.