Sixteen statistical tests for outlier detection and rejection in evaluation of international geochemical reference materials: Example of microgabbro PM-S

Geostandards Newsletter

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 59-75

  Verma, Surendra R ^a  

^a INSTITUTO DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002333968     PISSN: 01505505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-908X.1997.tb00532.x     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Abbey S. (1975) Critical comments on "1972 values for geochemical reference samples". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 39, 535-537
2. Abbey S. (1981) The search for "best values" - a study of three Canadian rocks. Geostandards Newsletter, 5, 13-26.
3. Abbey S. (1983) Studies in "standard samples" of silicate rocks and minerals. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 83-15.
4. Abbey S. (1991) On the evaluation of rock reference materials - a "five-mode" approach. Geostandards Newsletter, 15, 3-12.
5. Abbey S. (1992) Evaluation and application of reference materials for the analysis of rocks and minerals. Chemical Geology, 95, 123-130.
6. Abbey S., Meeds RA and Belanger P.G. (1979) Reference samples of rocks - the search for "best values". Geostandards Newsletter, 3, 121-133.
7. Abbey S. and Rousseau R.M. (1985) Pragmatism vs. Rigour. A debate on the resolution of disparate analytical data of four Canadian iron-formation reference samples. Geostandards Newsletter, 9, 1-16.
8. Analytical Methods Committee (1989a) Robust statistics - how not to reject outliers. Part 1. Basic concepts. Analyst, 114, 1693-1697
9. Analytical Methods Committee (1989b) Robust statistics - how not to reject outliers. Part 1. Inter-laboratory trials. Analyst, 114, 1699-1702.
10. Ando A., Mita N. and Terashima S. (1987) 1986 values for fifteen GSJ rock reference samples. Geostandards Newsletter, 11, 159-166.
11. Ando A., Kamioka H., Terashima S. and Itoh S. (1989) 1988 values for GSJ rock reference samples, "igneous rock series". Geochemical Journal, 23, 143-148.
12. Bamett V. and Lewis T. (1987) Outliers in statistical data (Second Edition). John Wiley (Chichester UK), 463pp.
13. Dixon W.J. (1950) Analysis of extreme values. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 21, 488-506.
14. Dixon W.J. (1951) Ratios involving extreme values. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 22, 67-78.
15. Dybczynski R. (1980) Comparison of the effectiveness of various procedures for the rejection of outlying results and assigning consensus values in interlaboratory programs involving determination of trace elements or radionuclides. Analytica Chimica Acta, 117, 53-70.
16. Dybaynski R., Tugsavil A. and Suschny O. (1979) Soil-5, a new IAEA certified reference material for trace element determinations. Geostandards Newsletter, 3, 61-87
17. Ellis P.J. and Steele T.W. (1982) Five robust indicators of central value. Geostandards Newsletter, 6, 207-216.
18. Engels J.C and Ingamells CO. (1977) Geostandards - a new approach to their production and use. Geostandards Newsletter, 1, 51-60.
19. Flanagan F.J. (1973) 1972 values for international geochemical reference samples. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37, 1189-1200.
20. Flanagan F.J. (1975) Author's reply to critical comments on "1972 values for geochemical reference samples" by S. Abbey. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 39, 537-540.
21. Flanagan F.J. (1986) Reference samples in geology and geochemistry. Geostandards Newsletter, 10, 191-264.
22. Gladney E.S. and Roelandts I. (1990) 1988 compilation of elemental concentration data for USGS geochemical exploration reference materials GXR-1 to GXR-6. Geostandards Newsletter, 14, 21-118.
23. Gladney E.S., Jones E.A. / Nickell E.J. and Roelandts I. (1991) 1988 compilation of elemental concentration data for USGS DTS-1, G-1, PCC-1 and W-1. Geostandards Newsletter, 15, 199-396.
24. Govindaraju K. (1980) Report (1980) on three GIT-IWG rock reference samples: anorthosite from Greenland, AN-G; basalte d'Essay-la-Côte, BE-N; granite de Beauvoir, MA-N. Geostandards Newsletter, 4, 49-138.
25. Govindaraju K. (1987) 1987 compilation on Ailsa Craig granite AC-E with the participation of 128 GIT-IWG laboratories, Geostandards Newsletter, 11, 213-255.
26. Govindaraju K. (1989) 1989 compilation of working values and sample description for 272 geostandards. Geostandards Newsletter, 13 (Special Issue), 113pp.
27. Govindaraju K. (1994) 1994 compilation of working values and sample description for 383 geostandards. Geostandards Newsletter, 18 (Special Issue), 158pp.
28. Govindaraju K., Potts P.J., Webb P.C. and Watson J.S. (1994) 1994 report on Whin Sill dolente WS-E from England and Pitscurrie microgabbro PM-S from Scotland: assessment by one hundred and four international laboratories. Geostandards Newsletter, 18, 211-300.
29. Govindaraju K., Potts P.J., Webb P.C. and Watson J.S. (1995) Corrections to "1994 report on Whin Sill dolerite WS-E from England and Pitscurrie microgabbro PM-S from Scotland: assessment by one hundred and four international laboratories". Geostandards Newsletter, 19, 97.
30. Grubbs F.E. (1950) Sample criteria for testing outlying observations. Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 21, 27-58.
31. Grubbs F.E. (1969) Procedures for detecting outlying observations in samples. Technometrics, 11, 1-21.
32. Grubbs F.E and Beck G. (1972) Extension of sample sizes and percentage points for significance tests of outlying observations. Technometrics, 14, 847-854.
33. Imai N., Tarashima S., Itoh S. and Ando A. (1995) 1994 compilation of analytical data for major and trace elements in seventeen GSJ geochemical reference samples, "igneous rock series". Geostandards Newsletter, 19, 135-213.
34. Itoh S., Terashima S., Imai N., Kamioka H., Mita N. and Ando A. (1993) 1992 compilation of analytical data for rare earth elements, scandium, yttrium, zirconium and hafnium in twenty six GSJ reference samples. Geostandards Newsletter, 17, 5-79.
35. Jochum K.P., Seufert H.M. and Thirlwall M.F. (1990) Multi-element analysis of fifteen international standard rocks by isotope-dilution spark source mass spectrometry. Geostandards Newsletter, 14, 469-473.
36. Johnson W.M. (1991) Use of geochemical reference materials in a quality control/quality assurance program. Geostandards Newsletter, 15, 23-31.
37. Kane J.S. (1991) Quality control and reference sample data bases. Geostandards Newsletter, 15, 33-42.
38. Kane J.S. (1992) Reference samples for use in analytical geochemistry, their availability, preparation, and appropriate use. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 44, 37-92.
39. Lister B. (1982) Evaluation of analytical data: A practical guide for geo-analysts. Geostandards Newsletter, 6, 175-205.
40. Potts P.J. and Kane J.S. (1992) Terminology for geological reference material values, A proposal to the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), producers and users. Geostandards Newsletter, 16, 333-341.
41. Potts P.J., Gowing C.J.B. and Govindaraju K. (1992a) Preparation, homogeneity evaluation and cooperative study of two chromitite reference samples CHR-Pt+ and CHR-Bkg. Geostandards Newsletter, 16, 81-108.
42. Potts P.J., Tindle A.G. and Webb P.C. (1992b) Geochemical Reference Material Compositions. Whittles Publishing Services/ CRC Press Inc. (Caithness, UK), 313pp.
43. Pearson E.S. and Hartley H.O. (1976) Biometrika tables for statisticians. Biometrika trust (London), 270pp.
44. Ramsey M.H., Thompson M. and Hale M. (1992) Objective evaluation of precision requirements for geochemical analysis using robust analysis of variance. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 44, 23-36.
45. Steele T.W. and Hansen R.G. (1979) Major element data (1966-1978) for the six "Nimroc" reference samples. Geostandards Newsletter, 3, 135-172.
46. Stoch H., Steele T.W. and Copelowitz I. (1976) The establishment of preferred values for a series of rare earth samples. Report, National Institute for Metallurgy (South Africa), No.1807, 35pp.
47. Stoch H. and Steele T.W. (1978) Analyses, by several laboratories, of three ferromanganese slags. Report, National Institute for Metallurgy (South Africa), No. 1965, 34pp.
48. Sutamo R. and Steger H.F. (1985) The use of certified reference materials in the verification of analytical data and methods. Talanta, 32, 439-445.
49. Taylor J.K. (1990) Statistical techniques for data analysis. Lewis Publishers (Chelsea, Mi, USA), 200pp.
50. Thompson M. and Howarth R.J. (1980) The frequency distribution of analytical error. Analyst, 105, 1188-1195.
51. Thompson M., Mertens B., Kessler M. and Feam T. (1993) Efficacy of robust analysis of variance for the interpretation of data from collaborative trials. Analyst, 118, 235-240.
52. Tietjen G.L. and Moore R.H. (1972) Some Grubbs-type statistics for the detection of several outliers. Technometrics, 14, 583-597
53. Tietjen G.L. and Moore R.H. (1979) Correction to "Some Grubbs-type statistics for the detection of several outliers". Technometrics, 14, 396.
54. Verma S.P. (1996) Evaluation of accuracy in analytical geochemistry. Journal of Conference Abstracts, 1, 650.
55. Verma S.P. (submitted) Derivation of new element concentration data in two international geochemical reference materials (USGS basalt BIR-1 and GSJ peridotite JP-1) by outlier detection and rejection. Geofísica Internacional.