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84910913201
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For a recent study of how organizations imitate other organizations in a population of savings and loan associations, see Heather A. Haveman, “Follow the Leader: Mimetic Isomorphism and Entry into New Markets,” Administrative Science Quarterly, December 1993, pp. 593–624. Focusing more on how individual organizations learn and what role culture plays, see the Fall 1993 issue of Organizational Dynamics, especially Edgar Schein, “On Dialogue, Culture, and Organizational Learning,” pp. 40–51; and Dave Ulrich, Mary Ann Von Glinow, and Todd Jick, “High-Impact Learning: Building and Diffusing Learning Capability,” pp. 52–66. Two other related works providing helpful overviews are Chris Argyris, On Organizational Learning (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1992) and Daniel H. Kim, “The Link Between Individual and Organizational Learning,” Sloan Management Review, Fall 1993, pp. 37–50.
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84910910658
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How one set of organizations successfully transfers cultural elements to another set can be seen in Martin Kenney and Richard Florida, Beyond Mass Production: The Japanese System and Its Transfer to the U.S. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993). Highlighting the network form as the context for knowledge transfer and organizational learning is N. Powell and P. Brantley's “Competitive Cooperation in Biotechnology: Learning through Networks?” in N. Nohria and R. Eccles, eds., Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action (Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1992). An example of the interaction of culture, technology, and organizational learning can be seen in Shoshana Zuboff s In the Age of the Smart Machine: The Future of Work and Power (New York: Basic Books, 1988). Two treatments of the requisite foundations for learning or absorptive capacity can be found in N. Cohen and D. Levinthal, “Absorptive Capacity: A New [[Truncated]]
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84910920903
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For treatment of organizational learning in cross-national situations including Chinese, Hungarian, and Russian joint ventures, see John Child and Livia Markoczy, “Host Country Managerial Behavior and Learning in Chinese and Hungarian Joint Ventures,” Journal of Management Studies, July 1993, 611–631; and Dianne Welsh, Fred Luthans, and Steven Sommer, “Managing Russian Factory Workers: The Impact of U.S.-based Behavioral and Participative Techniques,” Academy of Management Journal, February 1993, 58–79.
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Finally, it is helpful to compare Kenney and Florida's work on the transfer of Japanese industrial elements in the context of Japanese U.S. joint ventures in the automotive industry to that of B. Kogut in his Country Competitiveness: Technology and the Organizing of Work (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993), especially pp. 179–202 on the diffusion of the multidivisional form in the context of multinational organizations.
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