Lack of Toxicity of Human Neuromelanin to Rat Brain Dopaminergic Neurons

Parkinsonism and Related Disorders

Volumn 2, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 69-74

  Aimi, Y ^a   McGeer, Patrick L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Iron; Oxidative stress; Parkinson's disease; Reactive microglia; Substantia nigra

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002256787     PISSN: 13538020     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/1353-8020(96)00004-1     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Marsden CD. Pigmentation in the nucleus substantiae nigrae of mammals. J. Anat. 1961; 95: 256-261.
2. Mann DMA, Yates PO. Lipoprotein pigments - their relationship to ageing in the human nervous system. Brain 1974; 97: 489-498.
3. McGeer PL, McGeer EG, Suzuki J. Aging and extrapyramidal function. Arch. Neurology 1977; 34: 33-35.
4. Tooyama I, McGeer EG, Kawamata T, Kimura H, McGeer PL. Retention of basic fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra during normal aging in humans contrasts with loss in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 1994; 656: 165-168.
5. Dexter DT, Carayon A, Javoy-Agid F, Agid Y, Wells FR, Daniel SE, Lees AJ, Jenner P, Marsden CD. Alterations in the levels of iron, ferritin and other trace metals in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases affecting the basal ganglia. Brain 1991; 114: 1953-1975.
6. Sofic E, Riederer P, Heinsen H, Beckmann H, Reynolds GP, Hebenstreit G, Youdim MB. Increased iron (III) and total iron content in post mortem substantia nigra of parkinsonian brain. J. Neural Transmiss. 1988; 74: 199-205.
7. Hirsch E, Brandel J-P, Galle P, Javoy-Agid F, Agid Y. Iron and aluminum increase in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease: an X-ray microanalysts. J. Neurochem. 1991; 56: 446-451.
8. Mann VM, Cooper JM, Daniel SE, Srai K, Jenner P, Marsden CD, Schapira AHV. Complex I, iron and ferritin in Parkinson's disease substantia nigra. Ann. Neurology 1992; 36: 876-881.
9. Ben-Shachar D, Riederer P, Youdim MBH. Iron-melanin interaction and lipid peroxidation: implications for Parkinson's disease. J. Neurochem. 1991; 57: 1609-1614.
10. Olanow CW. An introduction to the free radical hypothesis in Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurology 1992; 32: S2-S9.
11. Ben-Shachar D, Eshel G, Riederer P, Youdim MBH. Role of iron and iron chelation in dopaminergic-induced neurodegeneration: implication for Parkinson's disease. Ann. Neurology 1992; 32: S105-S110.
12. Paxinos G, Watson C. The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates. New York: Academic Press; 1982.
13. Culling CFA. Handbook of Histopathological Technique. London: Butterworth and Co.; 1957: 214-215, 266-267.
14. Hirsch E, Graybield AM, Agid YA. Melanized dopaminergic neurons are differentially susceptible to degeneration in Parkinson's disease. Nature 1988; 334: 345-348.
15. Gibb WRG. Melanin, tyrosine hydroxylase, calbindin and substance P in the human midbrain and substantia nigra in relation to nigrostriatal projections and differential neuronal susceptibility in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res. 1992; 581: 283-291.
16. Utti RJ, Rajput AH, Rozdilsky B, Bickis M, Wollin T, Yuen WK. Regional metal concentrations in Parkinson's disease, other chronic neurological diseases, and control brains. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1989; 16: 310-314.
17. Tooyama I, Kawamata T, Walker D, Yamada T, Hanai K, Kimura H, Iwane M, Igarashi K, McGeer EG, McGeer PL. Loss of basic fibroblast growth factor in substantia nigra neurons in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1993; 43: 372-376.
18. McGeer PL, Itagaki S, Boyes BE, McGeer EG. Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains. Neurology 1988; 38: 1285-1291.
19. McGeer PL, Itagaki S, Akiyama H, McGeer EG. Rate of cell death in Parkinsonism indicates active neuropathological process. Ann. Neurology 1988; 24: 574-576.