Dangling by a slender thread: The lessons and implications of teaching the World Wide Web to freshmen

Journal of Academic Librarianship

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 43-52

  Arnold, Judith M ^a   Jayne, Elaine Anderson ^a  

^a WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002209949     PISSN: 00991333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0099-1333(98)90138-0     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Throughout this article we use both the terms "World Wide Web" and "Internet." Our experience involved using the World Wide Web interface through the Web browser, Netscape. Much of the literature that has addressed teaching the Internet was written before the GUI interface and hypertext links introduced by the Web. The introduction of a graphical-based interface to the Internet poses additional problems for teaching, such as the seductive lure of graphics and multimedia and the introduction of opinion and marketing ploys by advocacy groups and commercial organizations.
2. While we do not usually team teach classes, we both tried whenever possible to be available to assist students with hands-on instruction; we also felt that the students would benefit from our combined knowledge.
3. Mary Page & Martin Kesselman, "Teaching the Internet: Challenges and Opportunities," Research Strategies 12 (1994): 157-167.
4. Ilene F. Rockman, "Teaching about the Internet: The Formal Course Option," The Reference Librarian 39 (1993): 65-75.
5. Lisa Lehman, "From Lab to Library: The Web's Effect on Teaching the Internet," Untangling the Web (Santa Barbara: University of California, Santa Barbara, 1996), http:// www.library.ucsb.edu/untangle/lehman.html.
6. The World Lecture Hall (Austin: University of Texas at Austin, 1996), http:// www.utexas.edu/world/lecture/.
7. Tschera Harkness Connell & Carl Franklin, "The Internet: Educational Issues" Library Trends 42 (Spring 1994): 608-625.
8. See, e.g., Jan Alexander & Marsha Täte, "The Web as a Research Tool: Evaluation Techniques" (Chester, PA: Widener University, 1996), http://www.science.widener.edu/ ∼withers/evalout.htm, and their "Teaching Critical Evaluation Skills for World Wide Web Resources," Computers in Libraries 16 (November/December 1996): 49-55, for an approach which establishes evaluation criteria by type of site; Esther Grassian, "Thinking Critically about World Wide Web Resources" (Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, 1996), http://www.library.ucla.edu/ libraries/college/instruction/critical.htm; Ann Scholz, "Evaluating World Wide Web Information" (Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1996), http://thorplus.lib.purdue.edu/library_ info/instruction/gs175/3gs175/evaluation.html; Elizabeth Kirk, "Evaluating Information Found on the Internet" (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1996), http://milton.mse.jhu.edu. 8001/research/education/net.html. As examples of the application of print criteria to the Web, see James Rettig, "Beyond 'Cool': Analog Models for Reviewing Digital Resources," Online Magazine at http:// www.onlineinc.com/online/onlinemag/ SeptOL/rettig9.html; Hope N. Tillman, "Evaluating Quality on the Net," (Babson Park: Babson College, 1996), http://www.tiac.net/ users/hope/findqual.html.
9. See, e.g., Jan Alexander & Marsha Täte, "The Web as a Research Tool: Evaluation Techniques" (Chester, PA: Widener University, 1996), http://www.science.widener.edu/ ∼withers/evalout.htm, and their "Teaching Critical Evaluation Skills for World Wide Web Resources," Computers in Libraries 16 (November/December 1996): 49-55, for an approach which establishes evaluation criteria by type of site; Esther Grassian, "Thinking Critically about World Wide Web Resources" (Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, 1996), http://www.library.ucla.edu/ libraries/college/instruction/critical.htm; Ann Scholz, "Evaluating World Wide Web Information" (Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1996), http://thorplus.lib.purdue.edu/library_ info/instruction/gs175/3gs175/evaluation.html; Elizabeth Kirk, "Evaluating Information Found on the Internet" (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1996), http://milton.mse.jhu.edu. 8001/research/education/net.html. As examples of the application of print criteria to the Web, see James Rettig, "Beyond 'Cool': Analog Models for Reviewing Digital Resources," Online Magazine at http:// www.onlineinc.com/online/onlinemag/ SeptOL/rettig9.html; Hope N. Tillman, "Evaluating Quality on the Net," (Babson Park: Babson College, 1996), http://www.tiac.net/ users/hope/findqual.html.
10. See, e.g., Jan Alexander & Marsha Täte, "The Web as a Research Tool: Evaluation Techniques" (Chester, PA: Widener University, 1996), http://www.science.widener.edu/ ∼withers/evalout.htm, and their "Teaching Critical Evaluation Skills for World Wide Web Resources," Computers in Libraries 16 (November/December 1996): 49-55, for an approach which establishes evaluation criteria by type of site; Esther Grassian, "Thinking Critically about World Wide Web Resources" (Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, 1996), http://www.library.ucla.edu/ libraries/college/instruction/critical.htm; Ann Scholz, "Evaluating World Wide Web Information" (Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1996), http://thorplus.lib.purdue.edu/library_ info/instruction/gs175/3gs175/evaluation.html; Elizabeth Kirk, "Evaluating Information Found on the Internet" (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1996), http://milton.mse.jhu.edu. 8001/research/education/net.html. As examples of the application of print criteria to the Web, see James Rettig, "Beyond 'Cool': Analog Models for Reviewing Digital Resources," Online Magazine at http:// www.onlineinc.com/online/onlinemag/ SeptOL/rettig9.html; Hope N. Tillman, "Evaluating Quality on the Net," (Babson Park: Babson College, 1996), http://www.tiac.net/ users/hope/findqual.html.
11. See, e.g., Jan Alexander & Marsha Täte, "The Web as a Research Tool: Evaluation Techniques" (Chester, PA: Widener University, 1996), http://www.science.widener.edu/ ∼withers/evalout.htm, and their "Teaching Critical Evaluation Skills for World Wide Web Resources," Computers in Libraries 16 (November/December 1996): 49-55, for an approach which establishes evaluation criteria by type of site; Esther Grassian, "Thinking Critically about World Wide Web Resources" (Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, 1996), http://www.library.ucla.edu/ libraries/college/instruction/critical.htm; Ann Scholz, "Evaluating World Wide Web Information" (Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1996), http://thorplus.lib.purdue.edu/library_ info/instruction/gs175/3gs175/evaluation.html; Elizabeth Kirk, "Evaluating Information Found on the Internet" (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1996), http://milton.mse.jhu.edu. 8001/research/education/net.html. As examples of the application of print criteria to the Web, see James Rettig, "Beyond 'Cool': Analog Models for Reviewing Digital Resources," Online Magazine at http:// www.onlineinc.com/online/onlinemag/ SeptOL/rettig9.html; Hope N. Tillman, "Evaluating Quality on the Net," (Babson Park: Babson College, 1996), http://www.tiac.net/ users/hope/findqual.html.
12. See, e.g., Jan Alexander & Marsha Täte, "The Web as a Research Tool: Evaluation Techniques" (Chester, PA: Widener University, 1996), http://www.science.widener.edu/ ∼withers/evalout.htm, and their "Teaching Critical Evaluation Skills for World Wide Web Resources," Computers in Libraries 16 (November/December 1996): 49-55, for an approach which establishes evaluation criteria by type of site; Esther Grassian, "Thinking Critically about World Wide Web Resources" (Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, 1996), http://www.library.ucla.edu/ libraries/college/instruction/critical.htm; Ann Scholz, "Evaluating World Wide Web Information" (Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1996), http://thorplus.lib.purdue.edu/library_ info/instruction/gs175/3gs175/evaluation.html; Elizabeth Kirk, "Evaluating Information Found on the Internet" (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1996), http://milton.mse.jhu.edu. 8001/research/education/net.html. As examples of the application of print criteria to the Web, see James Rettig, "Beyond 'Cool': Analog Models for Reviewing Digital Resources," Online Magazine at http:// www.onlineinc.com/online/onlinemag/ SeptOL/rettig9.html; Hope N. Tillman, "Evaluating Quality on the Net," (Babson Park: Babson College, 1996), http://www.tiac.net/ users/hope/findqual.html.
13. See, e.g., Jan Alexander & Marsha Täte, "The Web as a Research Tool: Evaluation Techniques" (Chester, PA: Widener University, 1996), http://www.science.widener.edu/ ∼withers/evalout.htm, and their "Teaching Critical Evaluation Skills for World Wide Web Resources," Computers in Libraries 16 (November/December 1996): 49-55, for an approach which establishes evaluation criteria by type of site; Esther Grassian, "Thinking Critically about World Wide Web Resources" (Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, 1996), http://www.library.ucla.edu/ libraries/college/instruction/critical.htm; Ann Scholz, "Evaluating World Wide Web Information" (Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1996), http://thorplus.lib.purdue.edu/library_ info/instruction/gs175/3gs175/evaluation.html; Elizabeth Kirk, "Evaluating Information Found on the Internet" (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1996), http://milton.mse.jhu.edu. 8001/research/education/net.html. As examples of the application of print criteria to the Web, see James Rettig, "Beyond 'Cool': Analog Models for Reviewing Digital Resources," Online Magazine at http:// www.onlineinc.com/online/onlinemag/ SeptOL/rettig9.html; Hope N. Tillman, "Evaluating Quality on the Net," (Babson Park: Babson College, 1996), http://www.tiac.net/ users/hope/findqual.html.
14. See, e.g., Jan Alexander & Marsha Täte, "The Web as a Research Tool: Evaluation Techniques" (Chester, PA: Widener University, 1996), http://www.science.widener.edu/ ∼withers/evalout.htm, and their "Teaching Critical Evaluation Skills for World Wide Web Resources," Computers in Libraries 16 (November/December 1996): 49-55, for an approach which establishes evaluation criteria by type of site; Esther Grassian, "Thinking Critically about World Wide Web Resources" (Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles, 1996), http://www.library.ucla.edu/ libraries/college/instruction/critical.htm; Ann Scholz, "Evaluating World Wide Web Information" (Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1996), http://thorplus.lib.purdue.edu/library_ info/instruction/gs175/3gs175/evaluation.html; Elizabeth Kirk, "Evaluating Information Found on the Internet" (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1996), http://milton.mse.jhu.edu. 8001/research/education/net.html. As examples of the application of print criteria to the Web, see James Rettig, "Beyond 'Cool': Analog Models for Reviewing Digital Resources," Online Magazine at http:// www.onlineinc.com/online/onlinemag/ SeptOL/rettig9.html; Hope N. Tillman, "Evaluating Quality on the Net," (Babson Park: Babson College, 1996), http://www.tiac.net/ users/hope/findqual.html.
15. Judith M. Pask & Carl E. Snow, "Undergraduate Instruction and the Internet," Library Trends 44 (Fall 1995): 306-317.
16. Sylvia Curtis et al., "Weaving the Web into Library Instruction," ALA Poster Session, ALA Annual Conference at New York, July 8, 1996.
17. Nicholas G. Tomaiuolo & Joan G. Packer, "An Analysis of Internet Search Engines: Assessment of over 200 Search Queries," Computers in Libraries 16 (June 1996): 58-62.
18. Lori Arp, "Reflecting on Reflecting: Views of Teaching and the Internet," RQ 34 (Summer 1995): 453; Kirk Doran, "The Internot: Helping Library Patrons Understand What the Internet is Not (Yet)," Computers in Libraries 15 (June 1995): 22.
19. Lori Arp, "Reflecting on Reflecting: Views of Teaching and the Internet," RQ 34 (Summer 1995): 453; Kirk Doran, "The Internot: Helping Library Patrons Understand What the Internet is Not (Yet)," Computers in Libraries 15 (June 1995): 22.
20. See Abigail Loomis & Deborah Fink, "Instruction: Gateway to the Virtual Library," in The Virtual Library : Visions and Realities, edited by Laverna M. Saunders (Westport, CT: Meckler, 1993): p. 55; Cerise Oberman, "Avoiding the Cereal Syndrome, or Critical Thinking in the Electronic Environment," Library Trends 39 (1991): 198; Terri Fishel & Jeanne Stevens, "Teaching the Internet: An Undergraduate Liberal Arts College Experience," in The Internet Library, edited by Julie Still (Westport, CT: Meckler, 1994): p. 114; Page & Kesselman, "Teaching the Internet," p. 163.
21. See Abigail Loomis & Deborah Fink, "Instruction: Gateway to the Virtual Library," in The Virtual Library : Visions and Realities, edited by Laverna M. Saunders (Westport, CT: Meckler, 1993): p. 55; Cerise Oberman, "Avoiding the Cereal Syndrome, or Critical Thinking in the Electronic Environment," Library Trends 39 (1991): 198; Terri Fishel & Jeanne Stevens, "Teaching the Internet: An Undergraduate Liberal Arts College Experience," in The Internet Library, edited by Julie Still (Westport, CT: Meckler, 1994): p. 114; Page & Kesselman, "Teaching the Internet," p. 163.
22. See Abigail Loomis & Deborah Fink, "Instruction: Gateway to the Virtual Library," in The Virtual Library : Visions and Realities, edited by Laverna M. Saunders (Westport, CT: Meckler, 1993): p. 55; Cerise Oberman, "Avoiding the Cereal Syndrome, or Critical Thinking in the Electronic Environment," Library Trends 39 (1991): 198; Terri Fishel & Jeanne Stevens, "Teaching the Internet: An Undergraduate Liberal Arts College Experience," in The Internet Library, edited by Julie Still (Westport, CT: Meckler, 1994): p. 114; Page & Kesselman, "Teaching the Internet," p. 163.
23. See Abigail Loomis & Deborah Fink, "Instruction: Gateway to the Virtual Library," in The Virtual Library : Visions and Realities, edited by Laverna M. Saunders (Westport, CT: Meckler, 1993): p. 55; Cerise Oberman, "Avoiding the Cereal Syndrome, or Critical Thinking in the Electronic Environment," Library Trends 39 (1991): 198; Terri Fishel & Jeanne Stevens, "Teaching the Internet: An Undergraduate Liberal Arts College Experience," in The Internet Library, edited by Julie Still (Westport, CT: Meckler, 1994): p. 114; Page & Kesselman, "Teaching the Internet," p. 163.
24. Page & Kesselman, "Teaching the Internet," p. 162.
25. Connell & Franklin, "The Internet," p. 611.
26. Boyd R. Collins, "Beyond Cruising: Reviewing," Library Journal 121 (February 15, 1996): 121.
27. Johns Hopkins, in particular, alerts its students to this in its Web page. See Kirk, "Evaluating Information," p. 1.
28. Pathfinder's URL is http://www. pathfinder.com/.
29. U.S. News & World Report's, "Citizen's Toolbox" contains "hot topics" and is available at http://www.usnews.com/usnews/wash/ people.htm.
30. URLs for the three Bill Gates sites are respectively: 6/5/95:COVER STORY (http:// pathfinder.eom/@@hZtUvAYAKJYZid@5/ time/magazine/domestic/1995/950605/); 6/26/ 96 LETTERS (http://pathfinder.eom/@@hZt UvAYAKJYZid@5/time/magazine/domestic/ 1995/950626/), The Skeleton in Bill Gates' Closet (http://aurora.engr.LaTech.edu/∼tburga/ billgate.htm).
31. URLs for the three Bill Gates sites are respectively: 6/5/95:COVER STORY (http:// pathfinder.eom/@@hZtUvAYAKJYZid@5/ time/magazine/domestic/1995/950605/); 6/26/ 96 LETTERS (http://pathfinder.eom/@@hZt UvAYAKJYZid@5/time/magazine/domestic/ 1995/950626/), The Skeleton in Bill Gates' Closet (http://aurora.engr.LaTech.edu/∼tburga/ billgate.htm).
32. URLs for the three Bill Gates sites are respectively: 6/5/95:COVER STORY (http:// pathfinder.eom/@@hZtUvAYAKJYZid@5/ time/magazine/domestic/1995/950605/); 6/26/ 96 LETTERS (http://pathfinder.eom/@@hZt UvAYAKJYZid@5/time/magazine/domestic/ 1995/950626/), The Skeleton in Bill Gates' Closet (http://aurora.engr.LaTech.edu/∼tburga/ billgate.htm).
33. Yahoo's URL is http://www.yahoo.com/ and MEL's is http://mel.lib.mi.us/
34. Fishel & Stevens, "Teaching the Internet," pp. 113-115.
35. Prominent among these are the following models: William G. Perry, Jr., Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years: A Scheme (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968); Carol Gilligan, In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982). See also Mary I. Piette, "Library Instruction: Principles, Theories, Connections, and Challenges," The Reference Librarian 51/52 (1995): 77-88; Elizabeth J. McNeer, "Learning Theories and Library Instruction," Journal of Academic Librarianship 17 (1991): 294-297.
36. Prominent among these are the following models: William G. Perry, Jr., Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years: A Scheme (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968); Carol Gilligan, In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982). See also Mary I. Piette, "Library Instruction: Principles, Theories, Connections, and Challenges," The Reference Librarian 51/52 (1995): 77-88; Elizabeth J. McNeer, "Learning Theories and Library Instruction," Journal of Academic Librarianship 17 (1991): 294-297.
37. Prominent among these are the following models: William G. Perry, Jr., Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years: A Scheme (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968); Carol Gilligan, In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982). See also Mary I. Piette, "Library Instruction: Principles, Theories, Connections, and Challenges," The Reference Librarian 51/52 (1995): 77-88; Elizabeth J. McNeer, "Learning Theories and Library Instruction," Journal of Academic Librarianship 17 (1991): 294-297.
38. Prominent among these are the following models: William G. Perry, Jr., Forms of Intellectual and Ethical Development in the College Years: A Scheme (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968); Carol Gilligan, In A Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982). See also Mary I. Piette, "Library Instruction: Principles, Theories, Connections, and Challenges," The Reference Librarian 51/52 (1995): 77-88; Elizabeth J. McNeer, "Learning Theories and Library Instruction," Journal of Academic Librarianship 17 (1991): 294-297.
39. See McNeer, "Learning Theories," p. 295.
40. Cerise Oberman, "Library Instruction: Concepts & Pedagogy in the Electronic Environment," RQ 35 (Spring 1996): 315-323.
41. Gloria J. Leckie, "Desperately Seeking Citations: Uncovering Faculty Assumptions about the Undergraduate Research Process," Journal of Academic Librarianship 22 (1996): 201-208.
42. Keith Gresham, "Preventing Plagiarism of the Internet: Teaching Library Researchers How and Why to Cite Electronic Sources," Colorado Libraries 22 (1996): 48-50.
43. Janice R. Walker, "MLA-Style Citations of Electronic Sources" (Tampa: University of South Florida, 1995), http://www.cas.usf.edu/ english/walker/mla.html and "Web Extension to American Psychological Association Style (WEAPAS)" (1996) at http://www.nyct.net/ ∼beads/weapas/.
44. Janice R. Walker, "MLA-Style Citations of Electronic Sources" (Tampa: University of South Florida, 1995), http://www.cas.usf.edu/ english/walker/mla.html and "Web Extension to American Psychological Association Style (WEAPAS)" (1996) at http://www.nyct.net/ ∼beads/weapas/.
45. There are at least three such sites on the Web as of this writing: School Sucks at http:// www.schoolsucks.com/; The Report/Essay Database (http://shell.idt.net/∼zorro3/reports. html); and Evil House Of Cheat (http:// www.CheatHouse.com/index.html). School Sucks, which has been accessed over 200,000 times since its inception in May 1996, claims to provide college students with "good examples to study, not plagiarize." The Report/ Essay Database posts a notice that its files "are to be used as a reference guide only," but Evil House of Cheat uses no subterfuge. Its name and motto ("why fail?") speak for themselves. Articles about term paper sites include Brooke A. Masters, "Education: Teachers, Beware: Web Sites Take Cheating Online," The Detroit News (October 4, 1996), http:// www.detnews.com/1996/menu/stories/ 67974.htm; Diana Fishlock, "Technology and Cheating," The Express-Times (Easton, PA) September 20, 1996; Fred Tasker, "New Web Site with Term Papers Creates a Nationwide Debate," The Miami Herald (August 13, 1996); Bill Schacker, "Professors Learn How to Combat High-Tech Cheating," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (July 29, 1996). The last three articles are from NewsBank NewsFile.
46. There are at least three such sites on the Web as of this writing: School Sucks at http:// www.schoolsucks.com/; The Report/Essay Database (http://shell.idt.net/∼zorro3/reports. html); and Evil House Of Cheat (http:// www.CheatHouse.com/index.html). School Sucks, which has been accessed over 200,000 times since its inception in May 1996, claims to provide college students with "good examples to study, not plagiarize." The Report/ Essay Database posts a notice that its files "are to be used as a reference guide only," but Evil House of Cheat uses no subterfuge. Its name and motto ("why fail?") speak for themselves. Articles about term paper sites include Brooke A. Masters, "Education: Teachers, Beware: Web Sites Take Cheating Online," The Detroit News (October 4, 1996), http:// www.detnews.com/1996/menu/stories/ 67974.htm; Diana Fishlock, "Technology and Cheating," The Express-Times (Easton, PA) September 20, 1996; Fred Tasker, "New Web Site with Term Papers Creates a Nationwide Debate," The Miami Herald (August 13, 1996); Bill Schacker, "Professors Learn How to Combat High-Tech Cheating," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (July 29, 1996). The last three articles are from NewsBank NewsFile.
47. There are at least three such sites on the Web as of this writing: School Sucks at http:// www.schoolsucks.com/; The Report/Essay Database (http://shell.idt.net/∼zorro3/reports. html); and Evil House Of Cheat (http:// www.CheatHouse.com/index.html). School Sucks, which has been accessed over 200,000 times since its inception in May 1996, claims to provide college students with "good examples to study, not plagiarize." The Report/ Essay Database posts a notice that its files "are to be used as a reference guide only," but Evil House of Cheat uses no subterfuge. Its name and motto ("why fail?") speak for themselves. Articles about term paper sites include Brooke A. Masters, "Education: Teachers, Beware: Web Sites Take Cheating Online," The Detroit News (October 4, 1996), http:// www.detnews.com/1996/menu/stories/ 67974.htm; Diana Fishlock, "Technology and Cheating," The Express-Times (Easton, PA) September 20, 1996; Fred Tasker, "New Web Site with Term Papers Creates a Nationwide Debate," The Miami Herald (August 13, 1996); Bill Schacker, "Professors Learn How to Combat High-Tech Cheating," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (July 29, 1996). The last three articles are from NewsBank NewsFile.
48. There are at least three such sites on the Web as of this writing: School Sucks at http:// www.schoolsucks.com/; The Report/Essay Database (http://shell.idt.net/∼zorro3/reports. html); and Evil House Of Cheat (http:// www.CheatHouse.com/index.html). School Sucks, which has been accessed over 200,000 times since its inception in May 1996, claims to provide college students with "good examples to study, not plagiarize." The Report/ Essay Database posts a notice that its files "are to be used as a reference guide only," but Evil House of Cheat uses no subterfuge. Its name and motto ("why fail?") speak for themselves. Articles about term paper sites include Brooke A. Masters, "Education: Teachers, Beware: Web Sites Take Cheating Online," The Detroit News (October 4, 1996), http:// www.detnews.com/1996/menu/stories/ 67974.htm; Diana Fishlock, "Technology and Cheating," The Express-Times (Easton, PA) September 20, 1996; Fred Tasker, "New Web Site with Term Papers Creates a Nationwide Debate," The Miami Herald (August 13, 1996); Bill Schacker, "Professors Learn How to Combat High-Tech Cheating," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (July 29, 1996). The last three articles are from NewsBank NewsFile.
49. There are at least three such sites on the Web as of this writing: School Sucks at http:// www.schoolsucks.com/; The Report/Essay Database (http://shell.idt.net/∼zorro3/reports. html); and Evil House Of Cheat (http:// www.CheatHouse.com/index.html). School Sucks, which has been accessed over 200,000 times since its inception in May 1996, claims to provide college students with "good examples to study, not plagiarize." The Report/ Essay Database posts a notice that its files "are to be used as a reference guide only," but Evil House of Cheat uses no subterfuge. Its name and motto ("why fail?") speak for themselves. Articles about term paper sites include Brooke A. Masters, "Education: Teachers, Beware: Web Sites Take Cheating Online," The Detroit News (October 4, 1996), http:// www.detnews.com/1996/menu/stories/ 67974.htm; Diana Fishlock, "Technology and Cheating," The Express-Times (Easton, PA) September 20, 1996; Fred Tasker, "New Web Site with Term Papers Creates a Nationwide Debate," The Miami Herald (August 13, 1996); Bill Schacker, "Professors Learn How to Combat High-Tech Cheating," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (July 29, 1996). The last three articles are from NewsBank NewsFile.
50. There are at least three such sites on the Web as of this writing: School Sucks at http:// www.schoolsucks.com/; The Report/Essay Database (http://shell.idt.net/∼zorro3/reports. html); and Evil House Of Cheat (http:// www.CheatHouse.com/index.html). School Sucks, which has been accessed over 200,000 times since its inception in May 1996, claims to provide college students with "good examples to study, not plagiarize." The Report/ Essay Database posts a notice that its files "are to be used as a reference guide only," but Evil House of Cheat uses no subterfuge. Its name and motto ("why fail?") speak for themselves. Articles about term paper sites include Brooke A. Masters, "Education: Teachers, Beware: Web Sites Take Cheating Online," The Detroit News (October 4, 1996), http:// www.detnews.com/1996/menu/stories/ 67974.htm; Diana Fishlock, "Technology and Cheating," The Express-Times (Easton, PA) September 20, 1996; Fred Tasker, "New Web Site with Term Papers Creates a Nationwide Debate," The Miami Herald (August 13, 1996); Bill Schacker, "Professors Learn How to Combat High-Tech Cheating," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (July 29, 1996). The last three articles are from NewsBank NewsFile.
51. There are at least three such sites on the Web as of this writing: School Sucks at http:// www.schoolsucks.com/; The Report/Essay Database (http://shell.idt.net/∼zorro3/reports. html); and Evil House Of Cheat (http:// www.CheatHouse.com/index.html). School Sucks, which has been accessed over 200,000 times since its inception in May 1996, claims to provide college students with "good examples to study, not plagiarize." The Report/ Essay Database posts a notice that its files "are to be used as a reference guide only," but Evil House of Cheat uses no subterfuge. Its name and motto ("why fail?") speak for themselves. Articles about term paper sites include Brooke A. Masters, "Education: Teachers, Beware: Web Sites Take Cheating Online," The Detroit News (October 4, 1996), http:// www.detnews.com/1996/menu/stories/ 67974.htm; Diana Fishlock, "Technology and Cheating," The Express-Times (Easton, PA) September 20, 1996; Fred Tasker, "New Web Site with Term Papers Creates a Nationwide Debate," The Miami Herald (August 13, 1996); Bill Schacker, "Professors Learn How to Combat High-Tech Cheating," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (July 29, 1996). The last three articles are from NewsBank NewsFile.
52. There are at least three such sites on the Web as of this writing: School Sucks at http:// www.schoolsucks.com/; The Report/Essay Database (http://shell.idt.net/∼zorro3/reports. html); and Evil House Of Cheat (http:// www.CheatHouse.com/index.html). School Sucks, which has been accessed over 200,000 times since its inception in May 1996, claims to provide college students with "good examples to study, not plagiarize." The Report/ Essay Database posts a notice that its files "are to be used as a reference guide only," but Evil House of Cheat uses no subterfuge. Its name and motto ("why fail?") speak for themselves. Articles about term paper sites include Brooke A. Masters, "Education: Teachers, Beware: Web Sites Take Cheating Online," The Detroit News (October 4, 1996), http:// www.detnews.com/1996/menu/stories/ 67974.htm; Diana Fishlock, "Technology and Cheating," The Express-Times (Easton, PA) September 20, 1996; Fred Tasker, "New Web Site with Term Papers Creates a Nationwide Debate," The Miami Herald (August 13, 1996); Bill Schacker, "Professors Learn How to Combat High-Tech Cheating," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (July 29, 1996). The last three articles are from NewsBank NewsFile.
53. There are at least three such sites on the Web as of this writing: School Sucks at http:// www.schoolsucks.com/; The Report/Essay Database (http://shell.idt.net/∼zorro3/reports. html); and Evil House Of Cheat (http:// www.CheatHouse.com/index.html). School Sucks, which has been accessed over 200,000 times since its inception in May 1996, claims to provide college students with "good examples to study, not plagiarize." The Report/ Essay Database posts a notice that its files "are to be used as a reference guide only," but Evil House of Cheat uses no subterfuge. Its name and motto ("why fail?") speak for themselves. Articles about term paper sites include Brooke A. Masters, "Education: Teachers, Beware: Web Sites Take Cheating Online," The Detroit News (October 4, 1996), http:// www.detnews.com/1996/menu/stories/ 67974.htm; Diana Fishlock, "Technology and Cheating," The Express-Times (Easton, PA) September 20, 1996; Fred Tasker, "New Web Site with Term Papers Creates a Nationwide Debate," The Miami Herald (August 13, 1996); Bill Schacker, "Professors Learn How to Combat High-Tech Cheating," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (July 29, 1996). The last three articles are from NewsBank NewsFile.
54. There are at least three such sites on the Web as of this writing: School Sucks at http:// www.schoolsucks.com/; The Report/Essay Database (http://shell.idt.net/∼zorro3/reports. html); and Evil House Of Cheat (http:// www.CheatHouse.com/index.html). School Sucks, which has been accessed over 200,000 times since its inception in May 1996, claims to provide college students with "good examples to study, not plagiarize." The Report/ Essay Database posts a notice that its files "are to be used as a reference guide only," but Evil House of Cheat uses no subterfuge. Its name and motto ("why fail?") speak for themselves. Articles about term paper sites include Brooke A. Masters, "Education: Teachers, Beware: Web Sites Take Cheating Online," The Detroit News (October 4, 1996), http:// www.detnews.com/1996/menu/stories/ 67974.htm; Diana Fishlock, "Technology and Cheating," The Express-Times (Easton, PA) September 20, 1996; Fred Tasker, "New Web Site with Term Papers Creates a Nationwide Debate," The Miami Herald (August 13, 1996); Bill Schacker, "Professors Learn How to Combat High-Tech Cheating," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (July 29, 1996). The last three articles are from NewsBank NewsFile.
55. There are at least three such sites on the Web as of this writing: School Sucks at http:// www.schoolsucks.com/; The Report/Essay Database (http://shell.idt.net/∼zorro3/reports. html); and Evil House Of Cheat (http:// www.CheatHouse.com/index.html). School Sucks, which has been accessed over 200,000 times since its inception in May 1996, claims to provide college students with "good examples to study, not plagiarize." The Report/ Essay Database posts a notice that its files "are to be used as a reference guide only," but Evil House of Cheat uses no subterfuge. Its name and motto ("why fail?") speak for themselves. Articles about term paper sites include Brooke A. Masters, "Education: Teachers, Beware: Web Sites Take Cheating Online," The Detroit News (October 4, 1996), http:// www.detnews.com/1996/menu/stories/ 67974.htm; Diana Fishlock, "Technology and Cheating," The Express-Times (Easton, PA) September 20, 1996; Fred Tasker, "New Web Site with Term Papers Creates a Nationwide Debate," The Miami Herald (August 13, 1996); Bill Schacker, "Professors Learn How to Combat High-Tech Cheating," Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (July 29, 1996). The last three articles are from NewsBank NewsFile.
56. For a discussion on the nature of the Web see Patricia Hults, "Noodling down the Internet: Or, One Foot in the Fast Lane, the Other Stuck in the Trenches," The Reference Librarian 51/52 (1995): 236. Other Stuck in the Trenches," The Reference Librarian 51/52 (1995): 236.
57. For a discussion on the nature of the Web see Patricia Hults, "Noodling down the Internet: Or, One Foot in the Fast Lane, the Other Stuck in the Trenches," The Reference Librarian 51/52 (1995): 236. Other Stuck in the Trenches," The Reference Librarian 51/52 (1995): 236.
58. See Oberman, "Library Instruction," p. 318.
59. A collection of highly useful sites might include, for example, Hoover's Online, the Census Bureau, and the White House. These can be found at the following URLs: Hoover's at http://www.hoovers.cm/; the U.S. Census at http://www.census.gov; and the White House at http://www.whitehouse.gov.
60. For a discussion of the issues involved in making the Web into a digital library, see Clifford Lynch in "Searching the Internet," Scientific American 276 (March 1997): 52-56.
61. See Arp, "Reflecting on Reflecting," p. 455.
62. See Betsy Baker, Mary M. Huston, & Maureen Pastine, "Making Connections: Teaching Information Retrieval," Library Trends 39 (Winter 1991): 201-22.
63. See Doran, "The Internet," pp. 22-26.
64. See Pask & Snow, "Undergraduate Instruction," p. 308.
65. Carol Kuhlthau, Seeking Meaning: A Process Approach to Library and Information Services (Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp., 1993): pp. 42-46. Prefocus exploration is the third stage of Kulthau's Information Search Process. It is characterized by many negative emotions such as uncertainty and doubt and is often the most trying part of the process for many students.
66. Tomaiuolo & Packer, "An Analysis," p. 61.
67. Laurie J. Flynn, "Desperately Seeking Surfers," New York Times (November 11, 1996), p. C5.
68. Pask & Snow, "Undergraduate Instruction," p. 310.
69. Carla List, "Sanctifying the Internet," American Libraries 26 (November 1995): 1019-1022.
70. "Students Sound off on the Internet," American Libraries 27 (February 1996): 45-51.
71. Stephen P. Pilon, "Students Sound off on the Internet," American Libraries 27 (February 1996): 49.
72. Ruth Wallach & Linda McCann, "Weaving the Web into Course Integrated Instruction," Untangling the Web (Santa Barbara: University of California, Santa Barbara, 1996), http://www.library.ucsb.edu/ untangle/wallach.html.
73. Michael Schuyler, "Predictions for the Future of Online," Computers in Libraries 16 (May 1996): 38.
74. David Dorman, "Observations on the North American Library Automation Marketplace," American Libraries 16 (September 1996): 40-43.
75. See Oberman, "Avoiding the Cereal Syndrome," p. 192.
76. Fishel & Stevens, "Teaching the Internet," p. 110.
77. Rettig, "Beyond 'Cool,'" pp. 5-6; Pask & Snow, "Undergraduate Instruction," p. 314.
78. Rettig, "Beyond 'Cool,'" pp. 5-6; Pask & Snow, "Undergraduate Instruction," p. 314.
79. The URL for the U.S. Census Bureau's "POPClock" is http://www.census.gov/cgibin/popclock; the "APL Quote Server" URL is http://www.secapl.com/cgi-bin/qs.
80. The URL for the U.S. Census Bureau's "POPClock" is http://www.census.gov/cgibin/popclock; the "APL Quote Server" URL is http://www.secapl.com/cgi-bin/qs.
81. Wallach & McCann, "Weaving the Web into Course Integrated Instruction."
82. FAMSF-Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco is at http://www.thinker.org/. Access to these art works is significantly improved (most museums display only 5% of their collection). The public can view the collection on the Web and may now request and schedule time to view works that are normally held in storage.
83. The VMI Archives URL is http:// www.vmi.edu/∼archtml/index.html.
84. Gertrude Himmelfarb, "A Neo-Luddite Reflects on the Internet," The Chronicle of Higher Education 43 (November 1, 1996): A56.
85. Horus' History Links is at http:// www.ucr.edu/h-gig/horuslinks.html and The Library of Congress American Memory Collection may be found at http:// lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ammemhome.html.
86. For an excellent example of this, see the homepage of an undergraduate biology class (http://www.uwo.ca/mni/Biology_221a/ intro.html) which has links to many pertinent authoritative pages such as the Centers for Disease Control.
87. "Shakespeare" at http://the-tech.mit.edu/ Shakespeare/works.html; "Narrative Matters: Shelley's Frankenstein" at http:// www.georgetown.edu/irvinemj/english016/ franken/franken.html; and Bartleby Library at http://www.cc.columbia.edu/acis/bartleby/.
88. "Shakespeare" at http://the-tech.mit.edu/ Shakespeare/works.html; "Narrative Matters: Shelley's Frankenstein" at http:// www.georgetown.edu/irvinemj/english016/ franken/franken.html; and Bartleby Library at http://www.cc.columbia.edu/acis/bartleby/.
89. "Shakespeare" at http://the-tech.mit.edu/ Shakespeare/works.html; "Narrative Matters: Shelley's Frankenstein" at http:// www.georgetown.edu/irvinemj/english016/ franken/franken.html; and Bartleby Library at http://www.cc.columbia.edu/acis/bartleby/.
90. The United States Code may be found at Cornell at http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/.
91. Rettig, "Beyond 'Cool,'" stresses that the evaluative criterion of uniqueness is especially important with Web sources, and that these strengths need to be noted and evaluated. See p. 9.
92. See Pask & Snow, "Undergraduate Instruction," p. 309.
93. Ibid., p. 320.
94. See Wallach & McCann, "Weaving the Web into Course Integrated Instruction," pp. 4-5.
95. Nancy F. Stimson & Nancy Schiller, "Internet Rx Office Visits: Just What the Dr. Ordered," College & Research Libraries News 57 (December 1996): 723-725. This recent article outlines a proactive program of one-to-one sessions with faculty which includes introducing them to the Web and Internet resources for their research and classroom use.
96. Pask & Snow, "Undergraduate Instruction," p. 316.
97. Oberman, "Library Instruction," p. 320.
98. Ibid.
99. Oberman, "Avoiding the Cereal Syndrome," p. 197.
100. Tomaiuolo & Packer, "An Analysis," p. 62.
101. NMSU's URL is http://library.nmsu.edu/ projects/tutorial/www.approaches.html.
102. Rettig, "Beyond 'Cool,'" p. 2.
103. Fishel & Stevens, "Teaching the Internet," p. 118.
104. Pask & Snow, "Undergraduate Instruction," pp. 313-315.
105. Another valuable site, recently reviewed by John Creech, "Internet Reviews," College & Research Libraries News 57 (December 1996): 777-778, is Robert Drudge's My Virtual Reference Desk at http://www.refdesk.com. Creech recommends the site for freshmen and basic library instruction.
106. Another valuable site, recently reviewed by John Creech, "Internet Reviews," College & Research Libraries News 57 (December 1996): 777-778, is Robert Drudge's My Virtual Reference Desk at http://www.refdesk.com. Creech recommends the site for freshmen and basic library instruction.
107. Pask & Snow, "Undergraduate Instruction," pp. 308, 312-315.
108. Louis B, Rosenfeld, "Guides, Clearinghouses, and Value-Added Repackaging: Some Thoughts on How Librarians Can Improve the Internet," Reference Services Review 22 (Winter 1994): 11-16.
109. List, "Sanctifying the Internet," p. 1021.
110. See, for example, Wallach & McCann, "Weaving the Web into Course Integrated Instruction," p. 4; Hults, "Noodling Down the Internet," p. 237.
111. See, for example, Wallach & McCann, "Weaving the Web into Course Integrated Instruction," p. 4; Hults, "Noodling Down the Internet," p. 237.
112. Wallach & McCann, "Weaving the Web into Course Integrated Instruction," p. 2.
113. See, for example, James Coates, "Internet Is Thick with False Webs of Conspiracy," Chicago Tribune (November 10, 1996); Tracy Thompson, "World Wide Web: The Craziest Rumors Fall through the Net," The Washington Post (February 21, 1996); Elizabeth Corcoran & John Schwartz, "On-Line Databases Draw Privacy Protests; Unfounded Lexis-Nexis Report Reflects Worry about Growing Files," The Washington Post (September 20, 1996); Kevin Merida & Marilyn W. Thompson, "Raid Rumor Fueled Fears in Militias," The Washington Post (February 21, 1996).
114. See, for example, James Coates, "Internet Is Thick with False Webs of Conspiracy," Chicago Tribune (November 10, 1996); Tracy Thompson, "World Wide Web: The Craziest Rumors Fall through the Net," The Washington Post (February 21, 1996); Elizabeth Corcoran & John Schwartz, "On-Line Databases Draw Privacy Protests; Unfounded Lexis-Nexis Report Reflects Worry about Growing Files," The Washington Post (September 20, 1996); Kevin Merida & Marilyn W. Thompson, "Raid Rumor Fueled Fears in Militias," The Washington Post (February 21, 1996).
115. See, for example, James Coates, "Internet Is Thick with False Webs of Conspiracy," Chicago Tribune (November 10, 1996); Tracy Thompson, "World Wide Web: The Craziest Rumors Fall through the Net," The Washington Post (February 21, 1996); Elizabeth Corcoran & John Schwartz, "On-Line Databases Draw Privacy Protests; Unfounded Lexis-Nexis Report Reflects Worry about Growing Files," The Washington Post (September 20, 1996); Kevin Merida & Marilyn W. Thompson, "Raid Rumor Fueled Fears in Militias," The Washington Post (February 21, 1996).
116. See, for example, James Coates, "Internet Is Thick with False Webs of Conspiracy," Chicago Tribune (November 10, 1996); Tracy Thompson, "World Wide Web: The Craziest Rumors Fall through the Net," The Washington Post (February 21, 1996); Elizabeth Corcoran & John Schwartz, "On-Line Databases Draw Privacy Protests; Unfounded Lexis-Nexis Report Reflects Worry about Growing Files," The Washington Post (September 20, 1996); Kevin Merida & Marilyn W. Thompson, "Raid Rumor Fueled Fears in Militias," The Washington Post (February 21, 1996).