The challenges ahead

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 8, Issue 2, 1997, Pages

  Gyimah Boadi, E ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL NUCLEAR RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Ghana)

^b Intl Forum for Democratic Studies   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002183612     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.1997.0023     Document Type: Article

References (14)

1. Nii Sowa, Adjustment in Africa: Lessons from Ghana (Overseas Development Institute Briefing Paper No. 3, London, England, July 1996).
2. Michael Holman and Michela Wrong, "Ghana 1996: An African Trailblazer Begins to Falter," Financial Times (London), 9 July 1996; see also Todd J. Moss and David G. Williams, "Can Ghana's Economic Reform Survive the 1996 Elections?" CSIS Africa Notes, No. 175, August 1995.
3. Michael Holman and Michela Wrong, "Ghana 1996: An African Trailblazer Begins to Falter," Financial Times (London), 9 July 1996; see also Todd J. Moss and David G. Williams, "Can Ghana's Economic Reform Survive the 1996 Elections?" CSIS Africa Notes, No. 175, August 1995.
4. See Daily Graphic (Accra), 5 September 1996, 10-11.
5. See the NDC's 1996 election manifesto, "Moving Ghana Forward," printed as a supplement in Daily Graphic, 1 October 1996; and the presidential report to parliament of 6 January 1995, entitled Ghana - Vision 2020, The First Step: 1996-2000 (Accra: Government Printer, 1995).
6. See the NDC's 1996 election manifesto, "Moving Ghana Forward," printed as a supplement in Daily Graphic, 1 October 1996; and the presidential report to parliament of 6 January 1995, entitled Ghana - Vision 2020, The First Step: 1996-2000 (Accra: Government Printer, 1995).
7. It has not been possible for me to get the full details of funding for the elections and their sources. My own estimates suggest external funding of between $12 and $15 million for Electoral Commission activities. Partial details of external funding for the Commission are provided in Kwasi Afriyie Badu and John Larvie, Elections in Ghana 1996, Part 1 (Accra: Electoral Commission of Ghana and Friedrich Ebert Foundation, 1996), 75-76.
8. Albert Adu Boahen, The Ghanaian Sphinx: Reflections on the Contemporary History of Ghana, 1972-1987 (Accra: Academy of Arts and Sciences Press, 1989).
9. This maximalist definition is from Larry Diamond, Juan J. Linz, and Seymour Martin Lipset's editors' introduction to Politics in Developing Countries: Comparing Experiences with Democracy (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1995), 53.
10. There was a clear pro-NDC bias in news coverage and editorial opinion in the state-controlled print and electronic media - though the opposition parties had equal opportunity in the holding of press conferences and to broadcast on Ghana Television.
11. For a recent analysis of the PNDC-NDC rural political machine, see Paul Nugent, Big Men, Small Boys and Politics in Ghana (Accra: Asempa Press, 1995).
12. He apparently believes that there is sufficient accountability and transparency in the internal process involved in the drawing up of budget estimates within the military. See E.K.D. Anku-Tsede, "Defense Budgeting: Accountability and Transparency, the Experience of Ghana in the Fourth Republic, 1993-1996" (paper presented at a conference on "The Military and Civil Society in Africa," sponsored by the Africa Leadership Forum, Lilongwe, Malawi, 23-25 September 1996).
13. The Association of Committees for the Defense of the Revolution had reportedly been used to quell antigovernment riots in Accra in May 1995. "Kume preko - Kill Me Now!" Africa Confidential, 26 May 1995, 1-2.
14. Africa Now, October 1996, D3.