Adducts of titanium tetrachloride with organosulfur compounds. Crystal and molecular structures of TiCl4(C4H8S)2 and (TiCl4)2(CH3SSCH3)

Polyhedron

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-9

  Lewkebandara, T Suren ^a   McKarns, Peggy J ^a   Haggerty, Brian S ^b   Yap, Glenn P A ^b   Rheingold, Arnold L ^b   Winter, Charles H ^a  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

Author keywords

Chemical vapor deposition; Titanium disulfide; Titanium tetrachloride; Titanium trisulfide

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002169172     PISSN: 02775387     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(97)00309-4     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. For leading references to the use of titanium disulfide as cathodes in lithium batteries, see: Venkatasetty, H. V., ed, Lithium Battery Technology; Wiley-Interscience, New York. 1984; Kanehori, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Miyauchi, K. and Kudo, T., Solid State Ionics, 1983, 9/10, 1445; Whittingham, M. S., Prog. Solid State Chem., 1978, 12, 41; Wilson, J. A. and Yoffe, A. D., Adv. Phys., 1969, 18, 193; Scrosati, B., Electrochim. Acta, 1981, 26, 1559.
2. For leading references to the use of titanium disulfide as cathodes in lithium batteries, see: Venkatasetty, H. V., ed, Lithium Battery Technology; Wiley-Interscience, New York. 1984; Kanehori, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Miyauchi, K. and Kudo, T., Solid State Ionics, 1983, 9/10, 1445; Whittingham, M. S., Prog. Solid State Chem., 1978, 12, 41; Wilson, J. A. and Yoffe, A. D., Adv. Phys., 1969, 18, 193; Scrosati, B., Electrochim. Acta, 1981, 26, 1559.
3. For leading references to the use of titanium disulfide as cathodes in lithium batteries, see: Venkatasetty, H. V., ed, Lithium Battery Technology; Wiley-Interscience, New York. 1984; Kanehori, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Miyauchi, K. and Kudo, T., Solid State Ionics, 1983, 9/10, 1445; Whittingham, M. S., Prog. Solid State Chem., 1978, 12, 41; Wilson, J. A. and Yoffe, A. D., Adv. Phys., 1969, 18, 193; Scrosati, B., Electrochim. Acta, 1981, 26, 1559.
4. For leading references to the use of titanium disulfide as cathodes in lithium batteries, see: Venkatasetty, H. V., ed, Lithium Battery Technology; Wiley-Interscience, New York. 1984; Kanehori, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Miyauchi, K. and Kudo, T., Solid State Ionics, 1983, 9/10, 1445; Whittingham, M. S., Prog. Solid State Chem., 1978, 12, 41; Wilson, J. A. and Yoffe, A. D., Adv. Phys., 1969, 18, 193; Scrosati, B., Electrochim. Acta, 1981, 26, 1559.
5. For leading references to the use of titanium disulfide as cathodes in lithium batteries, see: Venkatasetty, H. V., ed, Lithium Battery Technology; Wiley-Interscience, New York. 1984; Kanehori, K.; Matsumoto, K.; Miyauchi, K. and Kudo, T., Solid State Ionics, 1983, 9/10, 1445; Whittingham, M. S., Prog. Solid State Chem., 1978, 12, 41; Wilson, J. A. and Yoffe, A. D., Adv. Phys., 1969, 18, 193; Scrosati, B., Electrochim. Acta, 1981, 26, 1559.
6. For leading references, see : Bill, R. C., Wear, 1985, 106, 283; Newnham, J. and Singh, K., Sci. Tech. Aerosp. Rep., 1977, 15, Abstr. No. N77-32323; Zuev, A. M. and Klabakov, A. G., Tr., Chelyab, Politekh. Inst., 1974, 152, 127; Chem. Abstr., 1977, 87, 120191f; Hopkins, V. and Campbell, M., Lubr. Eng., 1977, 33, 252; McCommell, B. D., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ., 1976, 452, 124.
7. For leading references, see : Bill, R. C., Wear, 1985, 106, 283; Newnham, J. and Singh, K., Sci. Tech. Aerosp. Rep., 1977, 15, Abstr. No. N77-32323; Zuev, A. M. and Klabakov, A. G., Tr., Chelyab, Politekh. Inst., 1974, 152, 127; Chem. Abstr., 1977, 87, 120191f; Hopkins, V. and Campbell, M., Lubr. Eng., 1977, 33, 252; McCommell, B. D., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ., 1976, 452, 124.
8. For leading references, see : Bill, R. C., Wear, 1985, 106, 283; Newnham, J. and Singh, K., Sci. Tech. Aerosp. Rep., 1977, 15, Abstr. No. N77-32323; Zuev, A. M. and Klabakov, A. G., Tr., Chelyab, Politekh. Inst., 1974, 152, 127; Chem. Abstr., 1977, 87, 120191f; Hopkins, V. and Campbell, M., Lubr. Eng., 1977, 33, 252; McCommell, B. D., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ., 1976, 452, 124.
9. For leading references, see : Bill, R. C., Wear, 1985, 106, 283; Newnham, J. and Singh, K., Sci. Tech. Aerosp. Rep., 1977, 15, Abstr. No. N77-32323; Zuev, A. M. and Klabakov, A. G., Tr., Chelyab, Politekh. Inst., 1974, 152, 127; Chem. Abstr., 1977, 87, 120191f; Hopkins, V. and Campbell, M., Lubr. Eng., 1977, 33, 252; McCommell, B. D., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ., 1976, 452, 124.
10. For leading references, see : Bill, R. C., Wear, 1985, 106, 283; Newnham, J. and Singh, K., Sci. Tech. Aerosp. Rep., 1977, 15, Abstr. No. N77-32323; Zuev, A. M. and Klabakov, A. G., Tr., Chelyab, Politekh. Inst., 1974, 152, 127; Chem. Abstr., 1977, 87, 120191f; Hopkins, V. and Campbell, M., Lubr. Eng., 1977, 33, 252; McCommell, B. D., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ., 1976, 452, 124.
11. For leading references, see : Bill, R. C., Wear, 1985, 106, 283; Newnham, J. and Singh, K., Sci. Tech. Aerosp. Rep., 1977, 15, Abstr. No. N77-32323; Zuev, A. M. and Klabakov, A. G., Tr., Chelyab, Politekh. Inst., 1974, 152, 127; Chem. Abstr., 1977, 87, 120191f; Hopkins, V. and Campbell, M., Lubr. Eng., 1977, 33, 252; McCommell, B. D., Natl. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ., 1976, 452, 124.
12. CVD routes to titanium disulfide films: (a) Kanehori, K., Kirino, F., Miyauchi, K. and Kudo, T., J. Electrochem. Soc., 1989, 136, 1265;
13. (b) Kikkawa, S., Miyazaki, M. and Koizumi, M., J. Mater. Res., 1990, 5, 2894;
14. (c) Kanehori, K., Ito, Y., Kirino, F., Miyauchi, K. and Kudo, T., Solid State Ionics, 1986, 18/19, 818;
15. (d) Zehnder, D., Deshpandey, C., Dunn, B. and Bunshah, R. F., Solid State Ionics, 1986, 18/19, 813;
16. (e) Ogumi, Z., Uchimoto, Y. and Takehara, Z. I., J. Power Sources, 1989, 26, 457;
17. (f) Kanehori, Y., Ogumi, Z. and Takehara, Z., GS News Tech. Rep., 1987, 46, 21.
18. Chang, H. S. W. and Schleich, D. M., J. Solid State Chem., 1992, 100, 62.
19. For other routes to titanium disulfide films, see: Meunier, G., Dormoy, R. and Levasseur, A., Mater. Sci. Eng., B, 1989, B3, 19; Uchida, T., Fuji, Y. and Wakihara, M., Proc. Electrochem. Soc., 1988, 88, 401.
20. For other routes to titanium disulfide films, see: Meunier, G., Dormoy, R. and Levasseur, A., Mater. Sci. Eng., B, 1989, B3, 19; Uchida, T., Fuji, Y. and Wakihara, M., Proc. Electrochem. Soc., 1988, 88, 401.
21. Winter, C. H., Lewkebandara, T. S. and Proscia, J. W., Chem. Mater., 1992, 4, 1144; Winter, C. H. and Lewkebandara, T. S., US Patents 5 112 650, 1992; 5 298 295, 1994; 5 409 735, 1995; 5 409 735, 1995.
22. Winter, C. H., Lewkebandara, T. S. and Proscia, J. W., Chem. Mater., 1992, 4, 1144; Winter, C. H. and Lewkebandara, T. S., US Patents 5 112 650, 1992; 5 298 295, 1994; 5 409 735, 1995; 5 409 735, 1995.
23. Winter, C. H., Lewkebandara, T. S., Proscia, J. W. and Rheingold, A. L., Inorg. Chem., 1993, 32, 3807.
24. Thiol and hydrogen sulfide adducts: Demarçay, M. E., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1873, 20, 127; Biltz, W. and Keunecke, E., Z. Anorg. Chem., 1925, 147, 171; Ralston, A. W. and Wilkinson, J. A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1928, 50, 258; Ahuja, H. S., Jain, S. C. and Rivest, R., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 2459; Bosnea, L. and Fisel, S., An. Stiint. Univ. "Al. I. Cuza" Iais. Sect. 1c, 1974, 20, 75; Bensalem, A. and Schleich, D. M., Mat. Res. Bull., 1988, 23, 857.
25. Thiol and hydrogen sulfide adducts: Demarçay, M. E., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1873, 20, 127; Biltz, W. and Keunecke, E., Z. Anorg. Chem., 1925, 147, 171; Ralston, A. W. and Wilkinson, J. A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1928, 50, 258; Ahuja, H. S., Jain, S. C. and Rivest, R., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 2459; Bosnea, L. and Fisel, S., An. Stiint. Univ. "Al. I. Cuza" Iais. Sect. 1c, 1974, 20, 75; Bensalem, A. and Schleich, D. M., Mat. Res. Bull., 1988, 23, 857.
26. Thiol and hydrogen sulfide adducts: Demarçay, M. E., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1873, 20, 127; Biltz, W. and Keunecke, E., Z. Anorg. Chem., 1925, 147, 171; Ralston, A. W. and Wilkinson, J. A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1928, 50, 258; Ahuja, H. S., Jain, S. C. and Rivest, R., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 2459; Bosnea, L. and Fisel, S., An. Stiint. Univ. "Al. I. Cuza" Iais. Sect. 1c, 1974, 20, 75; Bensalem, A. and Schleich, D. M., Mat. Res. Bull., 1988, 23, 857.
27. Thiol and hydrogen sulfide adducts: Demarçay, M. E., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1873, 20, 127; Biltz, W. and Keunecke, E., Z. Anorg. Chem., 1925, 147, 171; Ralston, A. W. and Wilkinson, J. A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1928, 50, 258; Ahuja, H. S., Jain, S. C. and Rivest, R., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 2459; Bosnea, L. and Fisel, S., An. Stiint. Univ. "Al. I. Cuza" Iais. Sect. 1c, 1974, 20, 75; Bensalem, A. and Schleich, D. M., Mat. Res. Bull., 1988, 23, 857.
28. Thiol and hydrogen sulfide adducts: Demarçay, M. E., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1873, 20, 127; Biltz, W. and Keunecke, E., Z. Anorg. Chem., 1925, 147, 171; Ralston, A. W. and Wilkinson, J. A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1928, 50, 258; Ahuja, H. S., Jain, S. C. and Rivest, R., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 2459; Bosnea, L. and Fisel, S., An. Stiint. Univ. "Al. I. Cuza" Iais. Sect. 1c, 1974, 20, 75; Bensalem, A. and Schleich, D. M., Mat. Res. Bull., 1988, 23, 857.
29. Thiol and hydrogen sulfide adducts: Demarçay, M. E., Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1873, 20, 127; Biltz, W. and Keunecke, E., Z. Anorg. Chem., 1925, 147, 171; Ralston, A. W. and Wilkinson, J. A., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1928, 50, 258; Ahuja, H. S., Jain, S. C. and Rivest, R., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 2459; Bosnea, L. and Fisel, S., An. Stiint. Univ. "Al. I. Cuza" Iais. Sect. 1c, 1974, 20, 75; Bensalem, A. and Schleich, D. M., Mat. Res. Bull., 1988, 23, 857.
30. Adducts of tetrahydrothiophene and pentamethylene sulfide: Kharlamova, E. N., Guryanova, E. N. and Kharchenko, V. G., Zh. Struk. Khim., 1971, 12, 637; Goldshtein. I. P., Kharlamova, E. N. and Guryanova, E. N., J. Gen. Chem. USSR, 1968, 38, 1925; Kharlamova, E. N. and Guryanova, E. N., Zh. Struk. Khim., 1965, 6, 859 ; Ahuja, H. S., Jain, S. C. and Rivest, R., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 2459 ; Hessett, B. and Perkins, P. G., J. Chem. Soc., 1970, 3229.
31. Adducts of tetrahydrothiophene and pentamethylene sulfide: Kharlamova, E. N., Guryanova, E. N. and Kharchenko, V. G., Zh. Struk. Khim., 1971, 12, 637; Goldshtein. I. P., Kharlamova, E. N. and Guryanova, E. N., J. Gen. Chem. USSR, 1968, 38, 1925; Kharlamova, E. N. and Guryanova, E. N., Zh. Struk. Khim., 1965, 6, 859 ; Ahuja, H. S., Jain, S. C. and Rivest, R., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 2459 ; Hessett, B. and Perkins, P. G., J. Chem. Soc., 1970, 3229.
32. Adducts of tetrahydrothiophene and pentamethylene sulfide: Kharlamova, E. N., Guryanova, E. N. and Kharchenko, V. G., Zh. Struk. Khim., 1971, 12, 637; Goldshtein. I. P., Kharlamova, E. N. and Guryanova, E. N., J. Gen. Chem. USSR, 1968, 38, 1925; Kharlamova, E. N. and Guryanova, E. N., Zh. Struk. Khim., 1965, 6, 859 ; Ahuja, H. S., Jain, S. C. and Rivest, R., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 2459 ; Hessett, B. and Perkins, P. G., J. Chem. Soc., 1970, 3229.
33. Adducts of tetrahydrothiophene and pentamethylene sulfide: Kharlamova, E. N., Guryanova, E. N. and Kharchenko, V. G., Zh. Struk. Khim., 1971, 12, 637; Goldshtein. I. P., Kharlamova, E. N. and Guryanova, E. N., J. Gen. Chem. USSR, 1968, 38, 1925; Kharlamova, E. N. and Guryanova, E. N., Zh. Struk. Khim., 1965, 6, 859 ; Ahuja, H. S., Jain, S. C. and Rivest, R., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 2459 ; Hessett, B. and Perkins, P. G., J. Chem. Soc., 1970, 3229.
34. Adducts of tetrahydrothiophene and pentamethylene sulfide: Kharlamova, E. N., Guryanova, E. N. and Kharchenko, V. G., Zh. Struk. Khim., 1971, 12, 637; Goldshtein. I. P., Kharlamova, E. N. and Guryanova, E. N., J. Gen. Chem. USSR, 1968, 38, 1925; Kharlamova, E. N. and Guryanova, E. N., Zh. Struk. Khim., 1965, 6, 859 ; Ahuja, H. S., Jain, S. C. and Rivest, R., J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem., 1968, 30, 2459 ; Hessett, B. and Perkins, P. G., J. Chem. Soc., 1970, 3229.
35. Adducts of dimethyl sulfide: Valloton, M. and Herbach, A. E., Helv. Chim. Acta, 1975, 58, 2272; Baker, K. and Fowles, G. W. A., J. Less Common Metals, 1965, 8, 47; Turin, E., Nielson, R. M. and Merbach, A. E., Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1987, 134, 67; Beattie, I. R. and Webster, M., J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3507; Westland, A. D. and Westland, L., Can. J. Chem., 1965, 43, 426.
36. Adducts of dimethyl sulfide: Valloton, M. and Herbach, A. E., Helv. Chim. Acta, 1975, 58, 2272; Baker, K. and Fowles, G. W. A., J. Less Common Metals, 1965, 8, 47; Turin, E., Nielson, R. M. and Merbach, A. E., Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1987, 134, 67; Beattie, I. R. and Webster, M., J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3507; Westland, A. D. and Westland, L., Can. J. Chem., 1965, 43, 426.
37. Adducts of dimethyl sulfide: Valloton, M. and Herbach, A. E., Helv. Chim. Acta, 1975, 58, 2272; Baker, K. and Fowles, G. W. A., J. Less Common Metals, 1965, 8, 47; Turin, E., Nielson, R. M. and Merbach, A. E., Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1987, 134, 67; Beattie, I. R. and Webster, M., J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3507; Westland, A. D. and Westland, L., Can. J. Chem., 1965, 43, 426.
38. Adducts of dimethyl sulfide: Valloton, M. and Herbach, A. E., Helv. Chim. Acta, 1975, 58, 2272; Baker, K. and Fowles, G. W. A., J. Less Common Metals, 1965, 8, 47; Turin, E., Nielson, R. M. and Merbach, A. E., Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1987, 134, 67; Beattie, I. R. and Webster, M., J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3507; Westland, A. D. and Westland, L., Can. J. Chem., 1965, 43, 426.
39. Adducts of dimethyl sulfide: Valloton, M. and Herbach, A. E., Helv. Chim. Acta, 1975, 58, 2272; Baker, K. and Fowles, G. W. A., J. Less Common Metals, 1965, 8, 47; Turin, E., Nielson, R. M. and Merbach, A. E., Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1987, 134, 67; Beattie, I. R. and Webster, M., J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3507; Westland, A. D. and Westland, L., Can. J. Chem., 1965, 43, 426.
40. For other organosulfur adducts of titanium tetrachloride, see: Clark, R. J. H. and Errington, W., Inorg. Chem., 1966, 5, 650; Wade, S. R. and Willey, G. R., Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1983, 72, 201.
41. For other organosulfur adducts of titanium tetrachloride, see: Clark, R. J. H. and Errington, W., Inorg. Chem., 1966, 5, 650; Wade, S. R. and Willey, G. R., Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1983, 72, 201.
42. For a discussion of E - H⋯Cl-Ti hydrogen bonding, see: Winter, C. H., Sheridan, P. H. and Heeg, M. J., Inorg. Chem., 1991, 30, 1962.
43. McKarns, P. J., Lewkebandara, T. S., Proscia, J. W. and Winter, C. H., unpublished results, Wayne State University.