Heparin therapy and monitoring: Guidelines and practice parameters for clinical and laboratory approaches

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis

Volumn 2, Issue 1 SUPPL., 1996, Pages

  Bick, Rodger L ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT DALLAS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Low molecular weight heparin; Thromboembolism; Thrombosis; Unfractionated heparin

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002142858     PISSN: 10760296     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Jaques LB, McDuffie HM. The chemical and anticoagulant nature of heparin. Semin Thromb Hemost 1978;4:277.
2. Hirsh J. Mechanisms of action and monitoring of anticoagulants. Semin Thromb Hemost 1986;12:1.
3. Thomas DP. Heparin. Clin Haematol 1981;10:443.
4. Thomas DP. Heparin, low molecular weight heparin, and heparin analogues. Br J Haematol 1984;58:385.
5. Wessler S. Small doses of heparin and a new concept of hypercoagulability. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1974;33:81.
6. Bick RL. Clinical relevance of antithrombin III. Semin Thromb Hemost 1982;8:276.
7. Barrowcliffe TW, Johnson EA, Eggleton CA, Thomas DP. Anticoagulant activities of lung and mucous heparins. Thromb Res 1977;12:27.
8. Yin ET. Effect of heparin on the neutralization of factor Xa and thrombin by the plasma alpha-2-globulin inhibitor. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1975;33:43.
9. Leyvraz PF, Richard J, Buchmann F. Adjusted versus fixed dose subcutaneous heparin in the prevention of deep-vein thrombosis after total hip replacement. N Engl J Med 1983;309:954.
10. Turpie AGG, Robinson JG, Doyle DJ, Mulji AS. Comparison of high-dose with low-dose subcutaneous heparin to prevent left ventricular mural thrombosis in patients with acute transmural anterior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989;320:352.
11. Thaler E, Lechner K. Antithrombin III deficiency and thromboembolism. Clin Haematol 1981;10:369.
12. Anderson LO, Barrowcliffe TW, Holmer E, Johnson EA, Soderstrom G. Molecular weight dependency of the heparin potentiated inhibition of thrombin and activated factor X. Effect of heparin neutralization in plasma. Thromb Res 1979;15:521.
13. Alkjaersig N, Roy L, Fletcher A. Analysis of gel exclusion chromatographic data by chromatographic plate theory analysis: application to plasma fibrinogen chromatography. Thromb Res 1973;3:525.
14. Irwin JF, Seegers WH, Andary TJ, Fekete LF, Novoa E. Blood coagulation as a cybernetic system: control of autoprothrombin-C(Xa)formation. Thromb Res 1975;6:431.
15. Muller-Berghaus G. Pathophysiology of generalized intravascular coagulation. Semin Thromb Hemost 1977;3:209.
16. Seegers WH, Irwin JF, Hivegas AB. Blood coagulation: a cybernetic system modified in hemophilia [Abstract]. Proc IX Congress World Fed Hemophilia 1974:3.
17. Harpel PC, Rosenberg RD. Alpha-2-macroglobuin and antithrombin-heparin cofactor: modulators of hemostasis and inflammatory reactions. Prog Hemost Thromb 1976;3:145.
18. Mammen EF. Physiology and biochemistry of blood coagulation. In: Bang NU, Beller FK, Deutsch E, Mammen EF, eds. Thrombosis and bleeding disorders: theory and methods. New York: Academic Press, 1971:1.
19. Murano G. "The Hageman Connection": interrelationships between complement, kinins, and coagulation. Am J Hematol 1978;4:409.
20. Seegers WH. Use and regulation of blood clotting mechanisms. In: Seegers WH, ed. Blood clotting enzymology. New York: Academic Press, 1971:1.
21. Brinkhous KM, Smith HP, Warner ED, Seegers WH. Inhibition of blood clotting and unidentified substances which act in conjunction with heparin to prevent the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Am J Physiol 1939;125:683.
22. Seegers WH, Miller KD, Andrews EB, Murphey RC. Fundamental interaction and effect of storage, other adsorbents, and blood clotting in plasma antithrombin activity. Am J Physiol 1952;169:700.
23. Abildgaard U, Graven K, Godai HC. Assay of progressive antithrombin in plasma. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1970;34:224.
24. Seegers WH, Cole ER, Harmison CR, Monkhouse FC. Neutralization of autoprothrombin-C activity with antithrombin. Can J Biochem 1964;42:359.
25. Seegers WH, Schroer H, Kagami M. Interaction of purified autoprothrombin I with antithrombin. Can J Biochem 1964;42: 425.
26. Vennerod AM, Laake K, Soleberg AK, Stromland S. Inactivation and binding of human plasma kallikrein by antithrombin III and heparin. Thromb Res 1976;9:457.
27. Johnson EA, Kirkwood TBL, Sterling Y, et al. Four heparin preparations: anti-Xa potentiating effect of heparin after subcutaneous injection. Thromb Haemost 1976;35:586.
28. Holmer E, Lindahl U, Backstrom G, et al. Anticoagulant activities and effects on platelets of a heparin fragment with high affinity for antithrombin. Thromb Res 1980;18:861.
29. Abildgaard U. Binding of thrombin to antithrombin III. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1969;24:23.
30. Bentley PG, Kakkar VV, Scully MF, et al. An objective study of alternative methods of heparin administration. Thromb Res 1980;18:177.
31. Kurachi K, Schmer G, Hermodson M, Teller D, Davie EW. Inhibition of bovine factor IXa by antithrombin-III. Biochemistry 1976;15:368.
32. Lahiri B, Rosenberg RD, Talamo RC, Mitcheli B, Bagdasarian A, Coleman RW. Antithrombin-III: An inhibitor of human plasma kallikrein [Abstract]. Fed Proc 1974;33:642.
33. Stead N, Kaplan AP, Rosenberg RD. Inhibition of activated Factor XII by antithrombin-heparin cofactor. J Biol Chem 1976;251:6481.
34. Rosenberg RD, Damus P. The purification and mechanism of action of human antithrombin-heparin cofactor. J Biol Chem 1973;248:6490.
35. Hook M, Bjork I, Hopwood J, Lindahl U. Anticoagulant action of heparin: separation of high-activity and low-activity heparin species by affinity chromatography on immobilized antithrombin. FEBS Lett 1976;66:90.
36. Li E, Orton H, Feinman R. The interaction of thrombin and heparin. Proflavine dye binding studies. Biochemistry 1974;13: 5012.
37. Walker F, Esmon C. The molecular mechanism of heparin action: II. Separation of functionally different heparins by affinity chromatography. Thromb Res 1979;14:219.
38. Yin E, Eisenkramer L, Butler J. Heparin interaction with activated factor X and its inhibitor. Adv Exp Med Biol 1974;52: 239.
39. Pomerantz M, Owen W. A catalytic role for heparin. Evidence of a ternary complex of heparin cofactor, thrombin, and heparin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1978;535:66.
40. Nordeman B, Nordling K, Bjork I. A differential effect of low-affinity heparin on the inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa by antithrombin. Thromb Res 1980;17:595.
41. Thomas D, Merton R, Lewis W, Barrowcliffe T. Studies in man and experimental animals of a low molecular weight heparin fraction. Thromb Haemost 1981;45:214.
42. Carlstrom A, Lieden K, Bjork I. Decreased binding of heparin to antithrombins following the interaction between antithrombin and thrombin. Thromb Res 1977;11:785.
43. Negus D, Friedgood A, Cox JJ, Peel ALG, Wells BW. Ultralow dose intravenous heparin in the prevention of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet 1980;1:891.
44. Thomas DP, Barrowcliffe TW, Merton RE, Stocks J, Dawes J. In vivo release of anti-Xa clotting activity by a heparin analogue. Thromb Res 1980;17:831.
45. Thomas DP, Merton RE, Barrowcliffe TW, Mullow B, Johnson EA. Anti-factor Xa activity of heparan sulfate. Thromb Res 1979;14:501.
46. Marcum JA, Rosenberg RD. Role of endothelial cell surface heparin-like polysaccharides. Ann NY Acad Sci 1989;556:81.
47. Jaques L, Mahadoo J. Pharmacodynamics and clinical effectiveness of heparin. Semin Thromb Hemost 1978;4:298.
48. Hatton M, Berry L, Regoeczi E. Inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III in the presence of certain glycosaminoglycans found in the mammalian aorta. Thromb Res 1978;13:655.
49. Wight T. Vessel proteoglycans and thrombogenesis. Prog Hemost Thromb 1980;5:1.
50. Kakkar VV, Lawrence D, Bentley PG, de Haas HA, Ward VP, Scully MF. A comparative study of low doses of heparin and a heparin analogue in the prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. Thromb Res 1978;13:111.
51. Bick RL, Fareed J, Walenga J, et al. Heparin releasable tissue factor pathway inhibitor during interventional cardiovascular procedures. Blood 1994;84:81.
52. Fareed J, Callas D, Hoppensteadt D, Bermes EW. Tissue factor antigen levels in various biological fluids. Blood Coag Fibrinol 1995;6:1.
53. Fareed J, Pifarre R, Leya F, Hoppensteadt D, Walenga J, Bick RL. Platelet factor 4 and antithrombin III are not the sole determinants of the heparinization response. Circulation 1994; 90:180.
54. Bick RL, Kovacs I, Fekete L. A new two-stage functional assay forantithrombin III (heparin co-factor): clinical and laboratory evaluation. Thromb Res 1976;8:745.
55. Odegard O, Lie M, Abildgaard U. Heparin cofactor activity measured with an amidolytic method. Thromb Res 1975;6: 287.
56. Teiem AN, Abildgaard R. On the value of the activated partial thromboplastin time in monitoring heparin therapy. Thromb Haemost 1976;35:592.
57. Shapiro GA, Huntzinger SW, Wilson JE. Variation among commercial activated partial thromboplastin time reagents in response to heparin therapy. Am J Clin Pathol 1977;67:477.
58. Bick RL, McClain BJ. A comparison of five activated partial thromboplastin times and the activated clotting time during heparin therapy. Thromb Haemost 1983;50:236.
59. Denson KWE, Bonnar J. The measurement of heparin. A method based on the potentiation of anti-factor Xa. Thromb Diath Haemorrh 1973;30:471.