The gender gap in internet use: Why men use the internet more than women - A literature review

Cyberpsychology and Behavior

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 3-10

  Morahan Martin, Janet ^a  

^a BRYANT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002137027     PISSN: 10949313     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/cpb.1998.1.3     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. CommerceNet/Nielsen. (1997). CommerceNet/Nielsen Internet demographics survey: Frequently asked questions [On-line]. Available: http://www.nielsenmedia. com/
2. CyberAtlas. (1996). Usage patterns [On-line]. Available: http://www.cyberatlas.com
3. Graphics, Visualization and Usability Center (GVU). (1997). GVU's WWW user surveys [On-line]. Atlanta: Georgia Tech Research Corporation. Available: http://www.gatech.edu/user_surveys
4. NUA. (1997). Latest surveys [On-line]. Dublin: NUA Ltd. Available: http://www.nua.com
5. Rheingold, H. (1993). The virtual community: Homesteading on the electronic frontier. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
6. Atwood, G. (1996, March 12). Click and drag: On the Internet's reactionary impact on male-female interactions. Digital Media, 10, 26.
7. Dibbell, J. (1993, December 21). A rape in Cyberspace or how an evil clown, a Haitian trickster spirit, two wizards, and a cast of dozens turned a database into a society. The Village Voice, pp. 36-42.
8. Wylie, M. (1995, January 2). No place for women: Internet is flawed model for the infobahn. Digital Media, 4, 3.
9. Dambrot, F., Watkins-Malek, S., Silling, S., Marshall, R., & Garver, J. (1985). Correlates of sex differences in attitudes toward and involvement with computers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 27, 71-86.
10. Lockheed, M. (1985). Women, girls and computers: A first look at the evidence. Sex Roles, 13, 115-122.
11. Modianos, D., & Hartman, J. (1990). Report on the Bradley University Residential Computing Project. Collegiate Microcomputer, 8, 129-137.
12. Morahan-Martin, J. Olinsky, A., & Schumacher, P. (1992). Gender differences in computer experience, skills, and attitudes among incoming college students. Collegiate Microcomputer, 10, 1-8.
13. Nelson, Wiese, & Cooper, J. (1991). Getting started with computers: Experience, anxiety, and relational style. Computers in Human Behavior, 7, 185-202.
14. Simmons Market Research Bureau. (1987). 1987 study of media and markets. New York: Author.
15. Wilder, G., Mackie, D., & Cooper, J. (1985). Gender and computers: Two surveys of computer-related attitudes. Sex Roles, 13, 215-228.
16. Miura, I. (1987). The relationship of self-efficacy expectations to computer interest and course enrollment in college. Sex Roles, 16, 303-311.
17. Gilroy, F., & Desai, H. (1986). Computer anxiety: Sex, race and age. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 25, 711-719.
18. Igbaria, M., & Chakrabarti, A. (1990). Computer anxiety and attitudes toward microcomputer use. Behavior and Information Technology, 9, 229-241.
19. Rosen, L., & Maguire, P. (1990). Myths and realities of computerphobia: A meta-analysis. Anxiety Research, 3, 167-179.
20. Hesse-Biber, S., & Gilbert, M. (1994). Closing the technological gender gap: Feminist pedagogy in the computer-assisted classroom. Teaching Sociology, 22, 19-31.
21. Kiesler, S., Sproull, L., & Eccles, J. (1985). Pool halls, chips, and war games: Women in the culture of computing. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 9, 451-462.
22. Turkle, S. (1984). The second self: Computers and the human spirit. New York: Simon & Schuster.
23. Turkle, S. (1995). Life on the screen: Identity in the age of the Internet. New York: Simon & Schuster.
24. Griffiths, M. (1993, September). Are computer games bad for children? The Psychologist, 9, 401-407.
25. DeWitt, K. (1997, June 23). Girl games on computers, where shoot 'em up simply won't do. New York Times, p. D3.
26. Morahan-Martin, J., & Schumacher, P. (in press). Gender differences in Internet usage, behaviors, and attitudes among undergraduates. In G. Salvendy (Ed.), HCI International '97: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Amsterdam; Elsevier Science.
27. Bruckman, A. (1992). Identity workshop: Emergent social and psychological phenomena in text-based virtual reality [On-line]. Unpublished manuscript, MIT Media Laboratory, Cambridge, MA. Available FTP: Host-name: media.mit.edu Directory: pub/MediaMOO/ Papers/identity-workshop
28. Curtis, P. (1992). Mudding: Social phenomena in text-based virtual realities. Proceedings of Directions in Advanced Computing Conference (DIAC '92) [On-line]. Available FTP: parcftp.xerox.com/pub/MOO/papers/DIAC92. {pstxt}
29. Turkle, S. (1994). Constructions and reconstructions of self in virtual reality: Playing in the MUDs. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 1, 158-167.
30. Morahan-Martin, J., & Schumacher, P. (1997, August). Incidence and correlates of pathological Internet use. Paper presented at the 105th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Chicago.
31. Young, K. (1996, August). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Paper presented at the 104th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto.
32. Young, K. (1997, August). What makes online usage stimulating: Potential explanations for pathological Internet use. Paper presented at the 105th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Chicago.
33. Anderson, R., Bikson, T., Law, S.E., Mitchell, B. (1995). Universal access to e-mail: Feasibility and societal implications. Santa Monica, CA. Rand Corp.
34. Allen, B. (1995). Gender and computer-mediated communication. Sex Roles, 32, 557-563.
35. McCormick, N.B., & McCormick, J.W. (1992). Computer friends and foes: Content of undergraduates' electronic mail. Computers in Human Behavior, 8, 379-405.
36. Tannen, D. (1997). Women and men talking: An interactional sociolinguistic approach. In M.R. Walsh (Ed.), Women, men, and gender: Ongoing debates (pp. 82-90). New Haven CT: Yale University Press.
37. Sorensen, L. (1996, February 29). Reach out and touch someone: Women networking on the Internet. Paper presented at the Center for Research on Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA.
38. Brand, S. (1995, Spring). We owe it all to the hippies. Time [Special edition], 145, 54-56.
39. Herring, S. (1994). Politeness in computer culture: Why women thank and men flame. In M. Bucholtz, A. Liang, L. Sutton, & C. Hines (Eds.), Cultural performances: Proceedings of the Third Berkeley Women and Language Conference (pp. 278-294). Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley Women and Language Group.
40. th Convention of the American Library Association, Miami. Available: http://www.cpsr.org/cpsr/gender/ herring.txt
41. Herring, S. (1996). Posting in a different voice: Gender and ethics in computer-mediated communication. In C. Ess (Ed.), Philosophical approaches to computer-mediated communication (pp. 115-145). Albany: SUNY Press.
42. Herring, S. (1992). Gender and participation in computer-mediated linguistic discourse (Report No. FL 020 341). Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 345 552)
43. Tannen, D. (1990). You just don't understand: Women and men in conversation. New York: Morrow.
44. Kramarae, C., & Taylor, H.J. (1993) Women and men on electronic networks: A conversation or a monologue. In H.J. Taylor, C. Dramarae, & M. Ebben (Eds.), Women, information technology, and scholarship (pp. 52-61). Urbana, IL: Center for Advanced Study.
45. Hall, A. (1984). Non-verbal sex differences: Communication accuracy and expressive style. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
46. Stewart, L.P., Cooper, P.I., & Friedley, S.A. (1986). Communication between the sexes: Sex differences and sex-role relationships. Scottsdale, AZ: Gorsuch Scarisbrick.
47. Herring, S., Johnson, D., & DiBenedetto, T. (1992). Participation in electronic discourse in a "feminist" field. In M. Bucholtz, K. Hall, & B. Moonwomon (Eds.), Locating power: Proceedings of the Second Berkeley Women and language Conference (pp. 250-262). Berkeley: University of California, Berkeley Women and Language Group.
48. Spender, D. (1989). The Writing or the Sex?: (or why you don't have to read women's writing to know it's no good). New York; Pergamon Press.
49. Scherer, K., & Bost, J. (1997, August). Internet use patterns: Is there Internet dependency on campus? Paper presented at the 105th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Chicago.
50. Sandberg, J. (1997, June 16). Talk is cheap. Wall Street Journal, p. 120.
51. Brenner, V. (1996). An initial report on the online assessment of Internet addiction: The first 30 days of the Internet Usage Survey Prep: Psychology Preprint Server [On-line]. Available: http://www. ccsnet.com.pap8b/638b012ptxt
52. Shotten, M. (1991). The costs and benefits of computer addiction. Behaviour and Information Technology, 10, 219-230.
53. Rakow, L. (1988). Gendered technology, gendered practice. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 5, 57-70.
54. Brand, S. (1987). The media lab: Inventing the future at MIT. New York: Viking Penguin.
55. U.S. National Center for Education Statistics. (1994). Digest of education statistics. Washington, DC: Author.