The portrayal of women in U.S. prime time television

Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 20-34

  Elasmar, Michael ^a,b   Hasegawa, Kazumi ^a,c,d   Brain, Mary ^b,e  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b BOSTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c EMERSON COLLEGE   (United States)

^d ENCOM   (Australia)

^e Weber Croup Europe   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0002089693     PISSN: 08838151     EISSN: 15506878     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08838159909364472     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Atkin, D. (1991). The evolution of television series addressing single women, 1966-1990. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 35(4), 517-523.
2. Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall..
3. Cobb, N. J., Stevens-Long, J., & Goldstein, S. (1982). The influence of televised models on toy preference in children. Sex Roles, 8(10), 1075-1080.
4. Dictionary of Occupational Titles (4th ed.). (1991). Washington, D.C: United States Department of Labor.
5. Dominick, J. R. (1979). The portrayal of women in prime time, 1953-1977. Sex Roles, 5(4), 405-411.
6. Downing, M. (1974). Heroine of the daytime serial. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 130-137.
7. Downs, A. C. (1981). Sex-role stereotyping on prime-time television. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 138, 253-258.
8. Harris, M. B., & Voorhees, S. D. (1981). Sex-role stereotypes and televised models of emotion. Psychological Reports, 48, 826.
9. Hollands Peevers, B. (1979). Androgyny on the TV screen? An analysis of sex role portrayal. Sex Roles, 5(6), 797-809.
10. Gerbner, G. (1981). Cultural Indicators Project, TV Message Analysis. Unpublished document, The Annenberg School of Communications, University of Pennsylvania.
11. Lemon, J. (1977). Women and blacks on prime-time television. Journal of Communication, 27(4), 70-79.
12. McNeil, J. C. (1975). Feminism, femininity, and the television series: A content analysis. Journal of Broadcasting, 19(3), 259-271.
13. Mackey, W. D., & Hess, D. J. (1982). Attention structure and stereotypy of gender on television: An empirical monograph. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 106, 199-215.
14. Miller, M. M., & Reeves, B. (1976). Dramatic TV content and children's sex-role stereotypes. Journal of Broadcasting, 20(1), 35-50.
15. Ogburn, W.F. (1964). The Hypothesis of Cultural Lag. In A. Etzioni & E. Etzioni (Eds.), Social Change: Sources, Patterns and Consequences, (pp. 459-462). New York, NY: Basic Books.
16. Pingree, S. (1978). The effects of nonsexist television commercials and perceptions of reality on children's attitudes about women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2(3), 262-277.
17. Ruble, D. N., Balaban, T., & Cooper, J. (1981). Gender constancy and the effects of sex-typed televised toy commercials. Child Development, 52(2), 667-673.
18. Seggar, J. F. (1975). Imagery of women in television drama: 1974. Journal of Broadcasting, 19(3), 273-282.
19. Seggar, J. F., & Wheeler, P. (1973). World of work on TV: Ethnic and sex representation in TV drama. Journal of Broadcasting, 17(2), 201-214.
20. Signorielli, N. (1989). Television and conceptions about sex roles: Maintaining conventionality and the status quo. Sex Roles, 21(5/6), 341-360.
21. Tan, A.S. (1986). Social learning of aggression from television. In J. Bryant & D. Zillman (Eds.), Perspectives on Media Effects (pp. 41-55). Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
22. Tedesco, N. S. (1974). Patterns in prime time. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 119-124.
23. Turow, J. (1974). Advising and ordering: Daytime, prime time. Journal of Communication, 24(2), 138-141.
24. Vande Berg, L. R., & Streckfuss, D. (1992). Prime-time television's portrayal of women and the world of work: A demographic profile. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 36(2), 195-208.
25. Weigel, R. H., & Loomis, J. W. (1981). Televised models of female achievement revisited: Some progress. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 11(1), 58-63.