Crime, Punishment, and the Market for Offenses

Journal of Economic Perspectives

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 43-67

  Ehrlich, Isaac ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001985405     PISSN: 08953309     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1257/jep.10.1.43     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Avio, Kenneth, "Capital Punishment in Canada: A Time-Series Analysis of the Deterrence Hypothesis," Canadian Journal of Economics, November 1979, 12:4, 647-76.
2. Balkin, Steven, and John F. McDonald, "The Market of Street Crime: An Economic Analysis of Victim-Offender Interaction," Journal of Urban Economics, November 1981, 10:3, 390-405.
3. Bartel, Ann, "An Analysis of Firm Demand for Protection Against Crime," Journal of Legal Studies, June 1975, 4:2, 443-78.
4. Becker, Gary, "Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach," Journal of Political Economy, 1968, 76:2, 169-217.
5. Becker, Gary, and William Landes, Essays in the Economics of Crime and Punishment. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974.
6. Block, Michael, and John Heineke, "A Labor Theoretical Analysis of Criminal Choice," American Economic Review, June 1975, 65:3, 314-25.
7. Block, Michael, Frederick Nold, and Joseph Sidak, "The Deterrent Effect of Antitrust Enforcement," Journal of Political Economy, 1981, 89:3, 429-45.
8. Blumstein, Alfred, Jacqueline Cohen, and Daniel Nagin, Deterrence and Incapacitation: Estimating the Effects of Criminal Sanctions on Crime Rates. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Science, 1978.
9. Cameron, Samuel, "The Economics of Crime and Deterrence: A Survey of Theory and Evidence," Kyklos, 1988, 41:2, 301-23.
10. Carr-Hill, R. A., and Nicholas Stern, "An Econometric Model of Supply and Control of Recorded Offenses in England and Wales," Journal of Public Economics, November 1973, 2, 289-318.
11. Clotfelter, Charles, "Public Service, Private Substitutes and the Demand for Protection Against Crime," American Economic Review, December 1977, 67:5, 867-77.
12. Cook, Philip, "The Correctional Carrot: Better Jobs for Parolees," Policy Analysis, Winter 1975, 1, 12-51.
13. Cook, Philip, "The Supply and Demand of Criminal Opportunities." In Tonry, Michael, and Morris Norval, eds., Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research. Vol. 7, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986, pp. 1-28.
14. Durkheim, Emile, The Rules of Sociological Methods. 8th ed., New York: Free Press, 1958.
15. Ehrlich, Isaac, "Participation in Illegitimate Activities: A Theoretical and Empirical Investigation," Journal of Political Economy, 1973, 81:3, 521-65.
16. Ehrlich, Isaac, "Participation in Illegitimate Activities: An Economic Analysis." In Becker, Gary, and William Landes, eds., The Economics of Crime And Punishment. New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 68-134.
17. Ehrlich, Isaac, "The Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment: A Question of Life and Death," American Economic Review, June 1975a, 65:3, 397-417.
18. Ehrlich, Isaac, "On the Relation Between Education and Crime." In Juster, F. T., ed., Education, Income and Human Behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975b, pp. 313-37.
19. Ehrlich, Isaac, "Capital Punishment and Deterrence: Some Further Thoughts and Additional Evidence," Journal Political Economy, 1977, 85:4, 741-88.
20. Ehrlich, Isaac, "On the Usefulness of Controlling Individuals: An Economic Analysis of Rehabilitation, Incapacitation and Deterrence," American Economic Review, June 1981, 71:3, 307-22.
21. Ehrlich, Isaac, "The Optimum Enforcement of Laws and the Concept of Justice: A Positive Analysis," International Review of Law & Economics, June 1982, 2, 3-27.
22. Ehrlich, Isaac, and Gary Becker, "Market Insurance, Self-Insurance and Self-Protection," Journal of Political Economy, 1972, 80:4, 623-48.
23. Ehrlich, Isaac, and George Brower, "On the Issue of Causality in the Economic Model of Crime and Law Enforcement: Some Theoretical Considerations and Experimental Evidence," American Economic Review, May 1987, 77:2, 99-110.
24. Ehrlich, Isaac, and Joel Gibbons, "On the Measurement of Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment and the Theory of Deterrence," Journal of Legal Studies, January 1977, 6:1, 35-50.
25. Ehrlich Isaac, and Zhiqiang Liu, "Extreme Bounds Analysis and the Deterrence Hypothesis - Where is the Con?," mimeo, 1995.
26. Ehrlich, Isaac, and Francis Lui, "Corruption and Economic Growth," mimeo, State University of New York at Buffalo, 1995.
27. Ehrlich, Isaac, and Randall Mark, "Fear of Deterrence: A Critical Evaluation of the 'Report of the Panel on Research on Deterrent and Incapacitation Effects,'" Journal of Legal Studies, June 1977, 6:2, 293-316.
28. Fleisher, Belton, The Economics of Delinquency. Chicago: Quadrangle, 1966.
29. Freeman, Richard, "Crime and Unemployment." In Wilson, J. Q., Crime and Public Policy. San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1983, pp. 89-106.
30. Freeman, Scott, Jeffrey Grogger, and Jon Sonstelie, "The Spatial Concentration of Crime," mimeo, 1995.
31. Friedman, David, "Efficient Institutions for the Private Enforcement of Law," Journal of Legal Studies, June 1984, 13:2, 379-97.
32. Glaeser, Edward, Bruce Sacerdote, and Jose Scheinkman, "Crime and Social Interaction," mimeo, 1995.
33. Goldberg, Itzhak, and Frederick Nold, "Does Reporting Deter Burglary? - An Empirical Analysis of Risk and Return in Crime," Review of Economics and Statistics, August 1980, 62, 424-31.
34. Grogger, Jeffrey, "Certainty Versus Severity of Punishment," Economic Inquiry, April 1991, 29, 297-309.
35. Hoenack, Stephen, and William Weiler, "A Structural Model of Murder Behavior and the Criminal Justice System," American Economic Review, June 1980, 70:3, 327-41.
36. Landes, William, and Richard Posner, "The Private Enforcement of Law," Journal of Legal Studies, January 1975, 4:1, 1-46.
37. Layson, Stephen, "Homicide and Deterrence: Another View of the Canadian Time-Series Evidence," Canadian Journal of Economics, February 1983, 16:1, 52-73.
38. Layson, Stephen, "Homicide and Deterrence: A Reexamination of the United States Time-Series Evidence," Southern Economic Journal, July 1985, 52, 68-89.
39. Leamer, Edward, "Let's Take the Con Out of Econometrics," American Economic Review, March 1983, 73, 31-43.
40. Levitt, Steven, "Reporting Behavior of Crime Victims and the Size of the Police Force: Implications for Studies of Police Effectiveness Using Reported Crime Data," mimeo, Harvard University, 1994.
41. Levitt, Steven, "Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime." NBER Working Paper Series No. 4991, 1995a.
42. Levitt, Steven, "How Do Increased Arrest Rates Appear to Reduce Crime: Deterrence, Incapacitation, or Measurement Error?," mimeo, Harvard University, 1995b.
43. Lipton, D., R. Martinson, and J. Wilks, The Effectiveness of Correctional Treatments: A Survey of Treatment Evaluation Studies. New York: Praeger, 1975.
44. McAleer, Michael, Adrian Pagan, and Paul A. Volker, "What Will Take the Con Out of Econometrics?," American Economic Review, June 1985, 75, 293-307.
45. McManus, Walter, "Estimates of the Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment: The Importance of the Researcher's Prior Beliefs," Journal of Political Economy, April 1985, 93, 417-25.
46. Myers, Samuel, "Estimating the Economic Model of Crime: Employment Versus Punishment Effects," Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1983, 98, 157-66.
47. Paley, William, The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy. 1785. Reprint, London: T. Davidson, Whitefriars, 1822.
48. Palmer, John, "Economic Analysis of the Deterrent Effect of Punishment: A Review," Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, January 1977, 14:1, 4-21.
49. Phillips, Llad, and Subhash Ray, "Evidence on the Identification and Causality Dispute about the Death Penalty." In Applied Time Series Analysis. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1982, pp. 313-40.
50. Phillips, Llad, and Harold Votey, "Crime Control in California," Journal of Legal Studies, June 1975, 4:2, 327-49.
51. Piehl, Anne, "Learning While Doing Time," mimeo, Working Paper Series R94-25, Kennedy School, Harvard University, 1994.
52. Polinsky, Mitchell, and Steven Shavell, "The Optimal Tradeoff Between the Probability and Magnitude of Fines," American Economic Review, December 1979, 69:5, 880-91.
53. Pyle, David, The Economics of Crime and Law Enforcement. London: Macmillan, 1983.
54. Reuter, Peter, Robert MacCoun, and Patrick Murphy, "Money from Crime: A Study of the Economics of Drug Dealing in Washington, D.C.," reviewed by Henry Miller, Contemporary Drug Problems, Winter 1990, 18:4, 713-6.
55. Rossi, Peter, Richard Berk, and Kenneth Lenihan, Money, Work, and Crime: Experimental Evidence. New York: Academic Press, 1980.
56. Rottenberg, Simon, "The Clandestine Distribution of Heroin, Its Discovery and Suppression," Journal of Political Economy, 1968, 76:1, 78-90.
57. Sah, Raaj, "Social Osmosis and Patterns of Crime," Journal of Political Economy, 1991, 99:6, 1272-95.
58. Sellin, Thorsten, The Death Penalty. Philadelphia: American Law Institute, 1959.
59. Sellin, Thorsten, Capital Punishment. New York: Harper & Row, 1967.
60. Smith Adam, The Wealth of Nations. 1776. Reprint, New York: Random House, 1937.
61. Stigler, George, "The Optimum Enforcement of Laws," Journal of Political Economy, 1970, 78:3, 526-36.
62. Tauchen, Helen, Ann Dryden, and Harriet Griesinger. "Criminal Deterrence: Revisiting the Issue with a Birth Cohort," Review of Economics and Statistics, August 1994, 76:3, 399-412.
63. Thaler, Richard, "An Econometric Analysis of Property Crime: An Interaction Between Police and Criminals," Journal of Public Economics, August 1977, 8, 37-51.
64. Trumbull, William, "Estimation of the Economic Model of Crime Using Aggregate and Individual Level Data," Southern Economic Journal, October 1989, 56, 423-39.
65. Tullock, Gordon, "The Welfare Costs of Tariffs, Monopolies, and Theft," Economic Inquiry, June 1967, 5, 224-32.
66. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, National Corrections Reporting Program. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1991.
67. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1992.
68. U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reports. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1960, 1961, and 1991.
69. U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons, Characteristics of State Prisoners. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice, 1960.
70. Vandaele, Walter, "An Econometric Model of Auto Theft in the United States." In Heineke, J. M., ed., Economic Models of Criminal Behavior. New York: North-Holland, 1978, pp. 303-90.
71. Van den Haag, Ernest, Punishing Criminals. New York: Free Press, 1975.
72. Viscusi, Kip, "The Risks and Rewards of Criminal Activity: A Comprehensive Test of Criminal Deterrence," Journal of Labor Economics, 1986, 4:3, 317-40.
73. Witte, Ann Dryden, "Estimating the Economic Model of Crime with Individual Data," Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1980, 94, 57-84.
74. Wolpin, Kenneth, "An Economic Analysis of Crime and Punishment in England and Wales," Journal of Political Economy, 1978a, 86:5, 815-40.
75. Wolpin, Kenneth, "Capital Punishment and Homicide in England: A Summary of Results," American Economic Review, May 1978b, 682, 422-27.