Theoretical decay and theoretical development: The resurgence of institutional analysis

World Politics

Volumn 50, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 34-61

  Remmer, Karen L ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0001944294     PISSN: 00438871     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0043887100014714     Document Type: Article

References (184)

1. Samuel P. Huntington, "Political Development and Political Decay," World Politics 17 (April 1965).
2. William Kornhauscr, The Politics of Mass Society (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1959).
3. Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968). In a coauthored essay on political development that appeared some years later, Huntington and Jorge I. Domínguez observed that "It was . . . once argued that political development should be defined as political institutionalization. On subsequent reflection, however, there did not seem to be much to be gained by trying to identify one rather diffuse, controversial, and value-laden concept (like political development) with a somewhat more specific, analytical, and value-free concept (like institutionalization)." Huntington and Dominguez, "Political Development," in Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby, eds., Handbook of Political Science, vol. 3 (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1975), 47.
4. Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968). In a coauthored essay on political development that appeared some years later, Huntington and Jorge I. Domínguez observed that "It was . . . once argued that political development should be defined as political institutionalization. On subsequent reflection, however, there did not seem to be much to be gained by trying to identify one rather diffuse, controversial, and value-laden concept (like political development) with a somewhat more specific, analytical, and value-free concept (like institutionalization)." Huntington and Dominguez, "Political Development," in Fred I. Greenstein and Nelson W. Polsby, eds., Handbook of Political Science, vol. 3 (Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1975), 47.
5. This concept is drawn from Sigmund Neumann, "Comparative Politics: A Half-Century Appraisal," in Louis J. Cantori and Andrew H. Ziegler Jr., eds., Comparative Politics in the Post-Behavioral Era (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1988), 17.
6. See, for example, Ernest Duff and John McCamant, Violence and Repression in Latin America: A Quantitative and Historical Analysis (New York: Free Press, 1976); Ivo K. Feierabend, Rosalind L. Feierabend, and Ted Robert Gurr, eds., Anger, Violence and Politics (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973); Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970); Douglas A. Hibbs, Mass Political Violence: A Cross-National Causal Analysis (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973); Robert D. Putnam, "Toward Explaining Military Intervention in Latin American Politics," World Politics 20 (October 1967); Claude E. Welch Jr. and Arthur K. Smith, Military Role and Rule (North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1974).
7. See, for example, Ernest Duff and John McCamant, Violence and Repression in Latin America: A Quantitative and Historical Analysis (New York: Free Press, 1976); Ivo K. Feierabend, Rosalind L. Feierabend, and Ted Robert Gurr, eds., Anger, Violence and Politics (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973); Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970); Douglas A. Hibbs, Mass Political Violence: A Cross-National Causal Analysis (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973); Robert D. Putnam, "Toward Explaining Military Intervention in Latin American Politics," World Politics 20 (October 1967); Claude E. Welch Jr. and Arthur K. Smith, Military Role and Rule (North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1974).
8. See, for example, Ernest Duff and John McCamant, Violence and Repression in Latin America: A Quantitative and Historical Analysis (New York: Free Press, 1976); Ivo K. Feierabend, Rosalind L. Feierabend, and Ted Robert Gurr, eds., Anger, Violence and Politics (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973); Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970); Douglas A. Hibbs, Mass Political Violence: A Cross-National Causal Analysis (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973); Robert D. Putnam, "Toward Explaining Military Intervention in Latin American Politics," World Politics 20 (October 1967); Claude E. Welch Jr. and Arthur K. Smith, Military Role and Rule (North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1974).
9. See, for example, Ernest Duff and John McCamant, Violence and Repression in Latin America: A Quantitative and Historical Analysis (New York: Free Press, 1976); Ivo K. Feierabend, Rosalind L. Feierabend, and Ted Robert Gurr, eds., Anger, Violence and Politics (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973); Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970); Douglas A. Hibbs, Mass Political Violence: A Cross-National Causal Analysis (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973); Robert D. Putnam, "Toward Explaining Military Intervention in Latin American Politics," World Politics 20 (October 1967); Claude E. Welch Jr. and Arthur K. Smith, Military Role and Rule (North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1974).
10. See, for example, Ernest Duff and John McCamant, Violence and Repression in Latin America: A Quantitative and Historical Analysis (New York: Free Press, 1976); Ivo K. Feierabend, Rosalind L. Feierabend, and Ted Robert Gurr, eds., Anger, Violence and Politics (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973); Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970); Douglas A. Hibbs, Mass Political Violence: A Cross-National Causal Analysis (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973); Robert D. Putnam, "Toward Explaining Military Intervention in Latin American Politics," World Politics 20 (October 1967); Claude E. Welch Jr. and Arthur K. Smith, Military Role and Rule (North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1974).
11. See, for example, Ernest Duff and John McCamant, Violence and Repression in Latin America: A Quantitative and Historical Analysis (New York: Free Press, 1976); Ivo K. Feierabend, Rosalind L. Feierabend, and Ted Robert Gurr, eds., Anger, Violence and Politics (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973); Ted Robert Gurr, Why Men Rebel (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970); Douglas A. Hibbs, Mass Political Violence: A Cross-National Causal Analysis (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973); Robert D. Putnam, "Toward Explaining Military Intervention in Latin American Politics," World Politics 20 (October 1967); Claude E. Welch Jr. and Arthur K. Smith, Military Role and Rule (North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1974).
12. Seminal works in this vein include Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967); Reinhard Bendix, "Tradition and Modernity Reconsidered," Comparative Studies in Society and History 9 (April 1967); S. N. Eisenstadt, Tradition, Change, and Modernity (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973); Joseph R. Gusfield, "Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of Social Change," American Journal of Sociology 72 (January 1967); Barrington Moore, The Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966).
13. Seminal works in this vein include Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967); Reinhard Bendix, "Tradition and Modernity Reconsidered," Comparative Studies in Society and History 9 (April 1967); S. N. Eisenstadt, Tradition, Change, and Modernity (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973); Joseph R. Gusfield, "Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of Social Change," American Journal of Sociology 72 (January 1967); Barrington Moore, The Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966).
14. Seminal works in this vein include Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967); Reinhard Bendix, "Tradition and Modernity Reconsidered," Comparative Studies in Society and History 9 (April 1967); S. N. Eisenstadt, Tradition, Change, and Modernity (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973); Joseph R. Gusfield, "Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of Social Change," American Journal of Sociology 72 (January 1967); Barrington Moore, The Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966).
15. Seminal works in this vein include Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967); Reinhard Bendix, "Tradition and Modernity Reconsidered," Comparative Studies in Society and History 9 (April 1967); S. N. Eisenstadt, Tradition, Change, and Modernity (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973); Joseph R. Gusfield, "Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of Social Change," American Journal of Sociology 72 (January 1967); Barrington Moore, The Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966).
16. Seminal works in this vein include Lloyd I. Rudolph and Susanne Hoeber Rudolph, The Modernity of Tradition: Political Development in India (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967); Reinhard Bendix, "Tradition and Modernity Reconsidered," Comparative Studies in Society and History 9 (April 1967); S. N. Eisenstadt, Tradition, Change, and Modernity (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1973); Joseph R. Gusfield, "Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of Social Change," American Journal of Sociology 72 (January 1967); Barrington Moore, The Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1966).
17. Influential contributions include A. Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1966); Raúl Prebisch, "Development Problems of the Peripheral Countries and the Terms of Trade," in J. D. Theberge, ed., Towards a Dynamic Development Policy in Latin America (New York: United Nations, 1963); Karl de Schweinitz, Industrialization and Democracy: Economic Necessities and Political Possibilities (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1964).
18. Influential contributions include A. Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1966); Raúl Prebisch, "Development Problems of the Peripheral Countries and the Terms of Trade," in J. D. Theberge, ed., Towards a Dynamic Development Policy in Latin America (New York: United Nations, 1963); Karl de Schweinitz, Industrialization and Democracy: Economic Necessities and Political Possibilities (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1964).
19. Influential contributions include A. Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1966); Raúl Prebisch, "Development Problems of the Peripheral Countries and the Terms of Trade," in J. D. Theberge, ed., Towards a Dynamic Development Policy in Latin America (New York: United Nations, 1963); Karl de Schweinitz, Industrialization and Democracy: Economic Necessities and Political Possibilities (New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1964).
20. Seminal works include Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965); Alex Inkeles, "Making Men Modern: On the Causes and Consequences of Individual Change in Six Developing Countries," American Journal of Sociology 75 (September 1969); Alex Inkeles and David H. Smith, Becoming Modern (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974); Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society (New York: Free Press, 1958); Seymour Martin Lipset, "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy," American Political Science Review 53 (March 1959); Lucien W. Pye and Sidney Verba, eds., Political Culture and Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965).
21. Seminal works include Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965); Alex Inkeles, "Making Men Modern: On the Causes and Consequences of Individual Change in Six Developing Countries," American Journal of Sociology 75 (September 1969); Alex Inkeles and David H. Smith, Becoming Modern (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974); Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society (New York: Free Press, 1958); Seymour Martin Lipset, "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy," American Political Science Review 53 (March 1959); Lucien W. Pye and Sidney Verba, eds., Political Culture and Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965).
22. Seminal works include Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965); Alex Inkeles, "Making Men Modern: On the Causes and Consequences of Individual Change in Six Developing Countries," American Journal of Sociology 75 (September 1969); Alex Inkeles and David H. Smith, Becoming Modern (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974); Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society (New York: Free Press, 1958); Seymour Martin Lipset, "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy," American Political Science Review 53 (March 1959); Lucien W. Pye and Sidney Verba, eds., Political Culture and Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965).
23. Seminal works include Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965); Alex Inkeles, "Making Men Modern: On the Causes and Consequences of Individual Change in Six Developing Countries," American Journal of Sociology 75 (September 1969); Alex Inkeles and David H. Smith, Becoming Modern (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974); Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society (New York: Free Press, 1958); Seymour Martin Lipset, "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy," American Political Science Review 53 (March 1959); Lucien W. Pye and Sidney Verba, eds., Political Culture and Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965).
24. Seminal works include Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965); Alex Inkeles, "Making Men Modern: On the Causes and Consequences of Individual Change in Six Developing Countries," American Journal of Sociology 75 (September 1969); Alex Inkeles and David H. Smith, Becoming Modern (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974); Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society (New York: Free Press, 1958); Seymour Martin Lipset, "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy," American Political Science Review 53 (March 1959); Lucien W. Pye and Sidney Verba, eds., Political Culture and Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965).
25. Seminal works include Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba, The Civic Culture (Boston: Little, Brown, 1965); Alex Inkeles, "Making Men Modern: On the Causes and Consequences of Individual Change in Six Developing Countries," American Journal of Sociology 75 (September 1969); Alex Inkeles and David H. Smith, Becoming Modern (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974); Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society (New York: Free Press, 1958); Seymour Martin Lipset, "Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy," American Political Science Review 53 (March 1959); Lucien W. Pye and Sidney Verba, eds., Political Culture and Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965).
26. Claudio Véliz, The Centralist Tradition of Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980); Howard Wiarda, Politics and Social Change in Latin America: The Distinct Tradition (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1974); C. S. Whitaker Jr., The Politics of Tradition: Continuity and Change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970); Clair Holt, ed., Culture and Politics in Indonesia (Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1972).
27. Claudio Véliz, The Centralist Tradition of Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980); Howard Wiarda, Politics and Social Change in Latin America: The Distinct Tradition (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1974); C. S. Whitaker Jr., The Politics of Tradition: Continuity and Change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970); Clair Holt, ed., Culture and Politics in Indonesia (Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1972).
28. Claudio Véliz, The Centralist Tradition of Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980); Howard Wiarda, Politics and Social Change in Latin America: The Distinct Tradition (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1974); C. S. Whitaker Jr., The Politics of Tradition: Continuity and Change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970); Clair Holt, ed., Culture and Politics in Indonesia (Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1972).
29. Claudio Véliz, The Centralist Tradition of Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980); Howard Wiarda, Politics and Social Change in Latin America: The Distinct Tradition (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1974); C. S. Whitaker Jr., The Politics of Tradition: Continuity and Change in Northern Nigeria, 1946-1966 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970); Clair Holt, ed., Culture and Politics in Indonesia (Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1972).
30. David E. Apter, The Politics of Modernization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965); Gabriel Almond and James S. Coleman, eds., The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960); Daniel Lemer, The Passing of Traditional Society (New York: Free Press, 1958).
31. David E. Apter, The Politics of Modernization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965); Gabriel Almond and James S. Coleman, eds., The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960); Daniel Lemer, The Passing of Traditional Society (New York: Free Press, 1958).
32. David E. Apter, The Politics of Modernization (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965); Gabriel Almond and James S. Coleman, eds., The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960); Daniel Lemer, The Passing of Traditional Society (New York: Free Press, 1958).
33. Examples include Leonard Binder, Iran: Political Development in a Changing Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962); Goran Hyden, Political Development in Rural Tanzania (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1969); T. V. Sathyamurthy, The Political Development of Tanganyika (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1963); Karl Von Vorys, Political Development in Pakistan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965); Robert Edward Ward and Ardath W. Burks, Political Development in Modern Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968); and Robert E. Ward and Dankwart A. Rustow, eds., Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964).
34. Examples include Leonard Binder, Iran: Political Development in a Changing Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962); Goran Hyden, Political Development in Rural Tanzania (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1969); T. V. Sathyamurthy, The Political Development of Tanganyika (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1963); Karl Von Vorys, Political Development in Pakistan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965); Robert Edward Ward and Ardath W. Burks, Political Development in Modern Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968); and Robert E. Ward and Dankwart A. Rustow, eds., Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964).
35. Examples include Leonard Binder, Iran: Political Development in a Changing Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962); Goran Hyden, Political Development in Rural Tanzania (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1969); T. V. Sathyamurthy, The Political Development of Tanganyika (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1963); Karl Von Vorys, Political Development in Pakistan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965); Robert Edward Ward and Ardath W. Burks, Political Development in Modern Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968); and Robert E. Ward and Dankwart A. Rustow, eds., Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964).
36. Examples include Leonard Binder, Iran: Political Development in a Changing Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962); Goran Hyden, Political Development in Rural Tanzania (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1969); T. V. Sathyamurthy, The Political Development of Tanganyika (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1963); Karl Von Vorys, Political Development in Pakistan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965); Robert Edward Ward and Ardath W. Burks, Political Development in Modern Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968); and Robert E. Ward and Dankwart A. Rustow, eds., Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964).
37. Examples include Leonard Binder, Iran: Political Development in a Changing Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962); Goran Hyden, Political Development in Rural Tanzania (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1969); T. V. Sathyamurthy, The Political Development of Tanganyika (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1963); Karl Von Vorys, Political Development in Pakistan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965); Robert Edward Ward and Ardath W. Burks, Political Development in Modern Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968); and Robert E. Ward and Dankwart A. Rustow, eds., Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964).
38. Examples include Leonard Binder, Iran: Political Development in a Changing Society (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962); Goran Hyden, Political Development in Rural Tanzania (Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1969); T. V. Sathyamurthy, The Political Development of Tanganyika (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1963); Karl Von Vorys, Political Development in Pakistan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965); Robert Edward Ward and Ardath W. Burks, Political Development in Modern Japan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968); and Robert E. Ward and Dankwart A. Rustow, eds., Political Modernization in Japan and Turkey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964).
39. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
40. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
41. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
42. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
43. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
44. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
45. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
46. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
47. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
48. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
49. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
50. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
51. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
52. Seminal works include Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency and Development in Latin America, trans. Marjory Mattingly Urquidi (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979); Andre Gunder Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1967); Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya: The Political Economy of Colonialism (London: Heinemann, 1974); Theotonio dos Santos, "The Structure of Dependence," American Economic Review 60 (May 1970); Osvaldo Sunkel, "National Development Policy and External Dependence in Latin America," Journal of Development Studies 6 (October 1969). Related writings include Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale: A Critique of the Theory of Underdevelopment (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1974); and Arghiri Emmanuel, Unequal Exchange: A Study of the Imperialism of Trade (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1972). For scholarly overviews of the literature, see James A. Caporaso, "Dependency Theory: Continuities and Discontinuities in Development Studies," International Organization 34 (Autumn 1980); Cristóbal Kay, Latin American Theories of Development and Underdevelopment (London: Routledge, 1989); Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency," in Ivan Oxaal et al., eds., Beyond the Sociology of Development (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1975); Robert A. Packenham, The Dependency Movement: Scholarship and Politics in Development Studies (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1992); Gabriel Palma, "Dependency: A Formal Theory of Underdevelopment or a Methodology for the Analysis of Concrete Situations of Underdevelopment?" World Development 6 (July-August 1978); Ian Roxborough, "Unity and Diversity in Latin American History, Journal of Latin American Studies 16 (May 1984); Tony Smith, "The Underdevelopment of the Development Literature: The Case of Dependency Theory," World Politics 31 (January 1979).
53. Guillermo O'Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1973); idem, "Reflections on the Patterns of Change in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State," Latin American Research Review 13, no. 2 (1978). For an overview and critique of the model, see David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979). For extensions of the model to other regions, see Huag Baeg Im, "The Rise of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism in South Korea," World Politics 39 (January 1987); William Crowther, "Philippine Authoritarianism and the International Economy," Comparative Politics 18 (April 1986).
54. Guillermo O'Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1973); idem, "Reflections on the Patterns of Change in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State," Latin American Research Review 13, no. 2 (1978). For an overview and critique of the model, see David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979). For extensions of the model to other regions, see Huag Baeg Im, "The Rise of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism in South Korea," World Politics 39 (January 1987); William Crowther, "Philippine Authoritarianism and the International Economy," Comparative Politics 18 (April 1986).
55. Guillermo O'Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1973); idem, "Reflections on the Patterns of Change in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State," Latin American Research Review 13, no. 2 (1978). For an overview and critique of the model, see David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979). For extensions of the model to other regions, see Huag Baeg Im, "The Rise of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism in South Korea," World Politics 39 (January 1987); William Crowther, "Philippine Authoritarianism and the International Economy," Comparative Politics 18 (April 1986).
56. Guillermo O'Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1973); idem, "Reflections on the Patterns of Change in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State," Latin American Research Review 13, no. 2 (1978). For an overview and critique of the model, see David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979). For extensions of the model to other regions, see Huag Baeg Im, "The Rise of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism in South Korea," World Politics 39 (January 1987); William Crowther, "Philippine Authoritarianism and the International Economy," Comparative Politics 18 (April 1986).
57. Guillermo O'Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism: Studies in South American Politics (Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1973); idem, "Reflections on the Patterns of Change in the Bureaucratic-Authoritarian State," Latin American Research Review 13, no. 2 (1978). For an overview and critique of the model, see David Collier, ed., The New Authoritarianism in Latin America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1979). For extensions of the model to other regions, see Huag Baeg Im, "The Rise of Bureaucratic Authoritarianism in South Korea," World Politics 39 (January 1987); William Crowther, "Philippine Authoritarianism and the International Economy," Comparative Politics 18 (April 1986).
58. Gabriel A. Almond, "The Development of Political Development," in Myron Weiner and Samuel P. Huntington, eds., Understanding Political Development (Boston: Little, Brown, 1987), 451, 454.
59. Fernando Henrique Cardoso, "The Consumption of Dependency Theory in the United States," Latin American Research Review 12, no. 3 (1977), 15.
60. Howard J. Wiarda, Corporatism and National Development in Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1981); James M. Malloy, ed., Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977); Kenneth Paul Erickson, The Brazilian Corporative State and Working-Class Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977); Philippe C. Schmitter, Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971); Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Howard J. Wiarda, "Toward a Framework for the Study of Political Change in the Iberic-Latin Tradition: The Corporative Model," World Politics 25 (January 1973); David Chaplin, ed. Peruvian Nationalism: A Corporatist Revolution (New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction Books, 1976); Frederick B. Pike and Thomas Stritch, eds., The New Corporatism: Social-Political Structures in the Iberian World (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1974); T. M. Shaw, "Beyond Neocolonialism: Varieties of Corporatism in Africa," Journal of Modern African Studies 20 (June 1982).
61. Howard J. Wiarda, Corporatism and National Development in Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1981); James M. Malloy, ed., Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977); Kenneth Paul Erickson, The Brazilian Corporative State and Working-Class Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977); Philippe C. Schmitter, Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971); Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Howard J. Wiarda, "Toward a Framework for the Study of Political Change in the Iberic-Latin Tradition: The Corporative Model," World Politics 25 (January 1973); David Chaplin, ed. Peruvian Nationalism: A Corporatist Revolution (New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction Books, 1976); Frederick B. Pike and Thomas Stritch, eds., The New Corporatism: Social-Political Structures in the Iberian World (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1974); T. M. Shaw, "Beyond Neocolonialism: Varieties of Corporatism in Africa," Journal
62. Howard J. Wiarda, Corporatism and National Development in Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1981); James M. Malloy, ed., Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977); Kenneth Paul Erickson, The Brazilian Corporative State and Working-Class Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977); Philippe C. Schmitter, Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971); Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Howard J. Wiarda, "Toward a Framework for the Study of Political Change in the Iberic-Latin Tradition: The Corporative Model," World Politics 25 (January 1973); David Chaplin, ed. Peruvian Nationalism: A Corporatist Revolution (New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction Books, 1976); Frederick B. Pike and Thomas Stritch, eds., The New Corporatism: Social-Political Structures in the Iberian World (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1974); T. M. Shaw, "Beyond Neocolonialism: Varieties of Corporatism in Africa," Journal of Modern African Studies 20 (June 1982).
63. Howard J. Wiarda, Corporatism and National Development in Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1981); James M. Malloy, ed., Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977); Kenneth Paul Erickson, The Brazilian Corporative State and Working-Class Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977); Philippe C. Schmitter, Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971); Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Howard J. Wiarda, "Toward a Framework for the Study of Political Change in the Iberic-Latin Tradition: The Corporative Model," World Politics 25 (January 1973); David Chaplin, ed. Peruvian Nationalism: A Corporatist Revolution (New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction Books, 1976); Frederick B. Pike and Thomas Stritch, eds., The New Corporatism: Social-Political Structures in the Iberian World (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1974); T. M. Shaw, "Beyond Neocolonialism: Varieties of Corporatism in Africa," Journal of Modern African Studies 20 (June 1982).
64. Howard J. Wiarda, Corporatism and National Development in Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1981); James M. Malloy, ed., Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977); Kenneth Paul Erickson, The Brazilian Corporative State and Working-Class Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977); Philippe C. Schmitter, Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971); Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Howard J. Wiarda, "Toward a Framework for the Study of Political Change in the Iberic-Latin Tradition: The Corporative Model," World Politics 25 (January 1973); David Chaplin, ed. Peruvian Nationalism: A Corporatist Revolution (New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction Books, 1976); Frederick B. Pike and Thomas Stritch, eds., The New Corporatism: Social-Political Structures in the Iberian World (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1974); T. M. Shaw, "Beyond Neocolonialism: Varieties of Corporatism in Africa," Journal of Modern African Studies 20 (June 1982).
65. Howard J. Wiarda, Corporatism and National Development in Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1981); James M. Malloy, ed., Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977); Kenneth Paul Erickson, The Brazilian Corporative State and Working-Class Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977); Philippe C. Schmitter, Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971); Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Howard J. Wiarda, "Toward a Framework for the Study of Political Change in the Iberic-Latin Tradition: The Corporative Model," World Politics 25 (January 1973); David Chaplin, ed. Peruvian Nationalism: A Corporatist Revolution (New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction Books, 1976); Frederick B. Pike and Thomas Stritch, eds., The New Corporatism: Social-Political Structures in the Iberian World (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1974); T. M. Shaw, "Beyond Neocolonialism: Varieties of Corporatism in Africa," Journal of Modern African Studies 20 (June 1982).
66. Howard J. Wiarda, Corporatism and National Development in Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1981); James M. Malloy, ed., Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977); Kenneth Paul Erickson, The Brazilian Corporative State and Working-Class Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977); Philippe C. Schmitter, Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971); Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Howard J. Wiarda, "Toward a Framework for the Study of Political Change in the Iberic-Latin Tradition: The Corporative Model," World Politics 25 (January 1973); David Chaplin, ed. Peruvian Nationalism: A Corporatist Revolution (New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction Books, 1976); Frederick B. Pike and Thomas Stritch, eds., The New Corporatism: Social-Political Structures in the Iberian World (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1974); T. M. Shaw, "Beyond Neocolonialism: Varieties of Corporatism in Africa," Journal of Modern African Studies 20 (June 1982).
67. Howard J. Wiarda, Corporatism and National Development in Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1981); James M. Malloy, ed., Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977); Kenneth Paul Erickson, The Brazilian Corporative State and Working-Class Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977); Philippe C. Schmitter, Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971); Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Howard J. Wiarda, "Toward a Framework for the Study of Political Change in the Iberic-Latin Tradition: The Corporative Model," World Politics 25 (January 1973); David Chaplin, ed. Peruvian Nationalism: A Corporatist Revolution (New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction Books, 1976); Frederick B. Pike and Thomas Stritch, eds., The New Corporatism: Social-Political Structures in the Iberian World (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1974); T. M. Shaw, "Beyond Neocolonialism: Varieties of Corporatism in Africa," Journal of Modern African Studies 20 (June 1982).
68. Howard J. Wiarda, Corporatism and National Development in Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1981); James M. Malloy, ed., Authoritarianism and Corporatism in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977); Kenneth Paul Erickson, The Brazilian Corporative State and Working-Class Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977); Philippe C. Schmitter, Interest Conflict and Political Change in Brazil (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1971); Alfred Stepan, The State and Society: Peru in Comparative Perspective (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Howard J. Wiarda, "Toward a Framework for the Study of Political Change in the Iberic-Latin Tradition: The Corporative Model," World Politics 25 (January 1973); David Chaplin, ed. Peruvian Nationalism: A Corporatist Revolution (New Brunswick, N. J.: Transaction Books, 1976); Frederick B. Pike and Thomas Stritch, eds., The New Corporatism: Social-Political Structures in the Iberian World (Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1974); T. M. Shaw, "Beyond Neocolonialism: Varieties of Corporatism in Africa," Journal of Modern African Studies 20 (June 1982).
69. See, in particular, Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979); Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol, eds., Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985); Christian Anglade and Carlos Fortin, eds., The State and Capital Accumulation in Latin America, 2 vols. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990).
70. See, in particular, Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979); Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol, eds., Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985); Christian Anglade and Carlos Fortin, eds., The State and Capital Accumulation in Latin America, 2 vols. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990).
71. See, in particular, Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia, and China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979); Peter B. Evans, Dietrich Rueschemeyer, and Theda Skocpol, eds., Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985); Christian Anglade and Carlos Fortin, eds., The State and Capital Accumulation in Latin America, 2 vols. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990).
72. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
73. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
74. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
75. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
76. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
77. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
78. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
79. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
80. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
81. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
82. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
83. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
84. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
85. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
86. Gabriel Ben-Dor, State and Conflict in the Middle East. The Emergence of the Postcolonial State (New York: Praeger, 1983). Other relevant examples include Maria Helena Moreira Alves, State and Opposition in Military Brazil (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985); Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1986); Douglas C. Bennett and Kenneth E. Sharpe, Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985); Thomas M. Callaghy, The State-Society Struggle: Zaire in Comparative Perspective (New York: Columbia University Press, 1984); Zaki Ergas, ed., The African State in Transition (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987); Thomas B. Gold, State and Society in the Taiwan Miracle (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 1986); Merilee S. Grindle, State and Countryside: Development Policy and Agrarian Politics in Latin America (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986); Nora Hamilton, The Limits of State Autonomy: Post-Revolutionary Mexico (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1982); Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and State Capabilities in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988); Victor Nee and David Mozingo, eds., State and Society in Contemporary China (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983); Tim Niblock, ed., Iraq: The Contemporary State (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1982); Julius Edo Nyang'oro, The State and Capitalist Development in Africa: Declining Political Economies (New York: Praeger, 1989); Donald Rothchild and Naomi Chazan, eds., The Precarious Balance: The State and Society in Africa (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1988); Alain Rouquié, The Military and the State in Latin America, trans. Paul E. Sigmund (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987).
87. See Jill Crystal, "Authoritarianism and Its Adversaries in the Arab World," World Politics 46 (January 1994).
88. See Karen L. Remmer, "New Theoretical Perspectives on Democratization," Comparative Politics 27 (October 1995). See also Paul Starr, "The New Life of the Liberal State: Privatization and the Restructuring of State-Society Relations," in Ezra N. Suleiman and John Waterbury, eds., The Political Economy of Public Sector Reform and Privatization (Boulder, Colo,: Westview Press, 1990).
89. See Karen L. Remmer, "New Theoretical Perspectives on Democratization," Comparative Politics 27 (October 1995). See also Paul Starr, "The New Life of the Liberal State: Privatization and the Restructuring of State-Society Relations," in Ezra N. Suleiman and John Waterbury, eds., The Political Economy of Public Sector Reform and Privatization (Boulder, Colo,: Westview Press, 1990).
90. Mancur Olson Jr., "Some Social and Political Implications of Economic Development," World Politics 17 (April 1965), 527.
91. Lucien W. Pye, "Political Science and the Crisis of Authoritarianism," American Political Science Review 84 (March 1990), 7. According to Pye, "Modernization theory predicted that such developments as economic growth, the spread of science and technology, the acceleration and spread of communications, and the establishment of education systems would all contribute to political change."
92. See, for example, Migdal (fn. 18); Robert Dix, "Democratization and the Institutionalization of Latin American Political Parties," Comparative Political Studies 24 (January 1992); Robert W. Jackman, Power without Force: The Political Capacity of Nation-States (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993); Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully, eds., Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995).
93. See, for example, Migdal (fn. 18); Robert Dix, "Democratization and the Institutionalization of Latin American Political Parties," Comparative Political Studies 24 (January 1992); Robert W. Jackman, Power without Force: The Political Capacity of Nation-States (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993); Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully, eds., Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995).
94. See, for example, Migdal (fn. 18); Robert Dix, "Democratization and the Institutionalization of Latin American Political Parties," Comparative Political Studies 24 (January 1992); Robert W. Jackman, Power without Force: The Political Capacity of Nation-States (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993); Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully, eds., Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995).
95. See, for example, Migdal (fn. 18); Robert Dix, "Democratization and the Institutionalization of Latin American Political Parties," Comparative Political Studies 24 (January 1992); Robert W. Jackman, Power without Force: The Political Capacity of Nation-States (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1993); Scott Mainwaring and Timothy R. Scully, eds., Building Democratic Institutions: Party Systems in Latin America (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1995).
96. Andrew Shonfield, Modern Capitalism: The Changing Balance of Public and Private Power (London: Oxford University Press, 1965). See, for example, John Zysman, Governments, Markets, and Growth: Financial Systems and the Politics of Industrial Change (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983).
97. Andrew Shonfield, Modern Capitalism: The Changing Balance of Public and Private Power (London: Oxford University Press, 1965). See, for example, John Zysman, Governments, Markets, and Growth: Financial Systems and the Politics of Industrial Change (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983).
98. For an overview of this literature, see Gerald M. Meier, ed., Politics and Policy Making in Developing Countries: Perspectives on the New Political Economy (San Francisco: International Center for Growth, 1991).
99. For an overview of these trends, see John H. Goldthorpe, ed., Order and Conflict in Contemporary Capitalism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984); Ronald Rogowski, "Comparative Politics," in Ada W. Finifter, ed., Political Science: The State of the Discipline II (Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association, 1993).
100. For an overview of these trends, see John H. Goldthorpe, ed., Order and Conflict in Contemporary Capitalism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984); Ronald Rogowski, "Comparative Politics," in Ada W. Finifter, ed., Political Science: The State of the Discipline II (Washington, D.C.: American Political Science Association, 1993).
101. Seminal studies include Geoffrey Garrett and Peter Lange, "The Politics of Growth," Journal of Politics 47 (August 1985); Peter A. Gourevitch, Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to Economic Crises (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986); Peter A. Hall, Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986); Peter J. Katzenstein, Corporatism and Change: Austria, Switzerland, and the Politics of Industry (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984); idem, Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985); Mancur Olson Jr., The Rise and Decline of Nations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982); Zysman (fn. 24).
102. Seminal studies include Geoffrey Garrett and Peter Lange, "The Politics of Growth," Journal of Politics 47 (August 1985); Peter A. Gourevitch, Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to Economic Crises (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986); Peter A. Hall, Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986); Peter J. Katzenstein, Corporatism and Change: Austria, Switzerland, and the Politics of Industry (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984); idem, Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985); Mancur Olson Jr., The Rise and Decline of Nations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982); Zysman (fn. 24).
103. Seminal studies include Geoffrey Garrett and Peter Lange, "The Politics of Growth," Journal of Politics 47 (August 1985); Peter A. Gourevitch, Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to Economic Crises (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986); Peter A. Hall, Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986); Peter J. Katzenstein, Corporatism and Change: Austria, Switzerland, and the Politics of Industry (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984); idem, Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985); Mancur Olson Jr., The Rise and Decline of Nations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982); Zysman (fn. 24).
104. Seminal studies include Geoffrey Garrett and Peter Lange, "The Politics of Growth," Journal of Politics 47 (August 1985); Peter A. Gourevitch, Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to Economic Crises (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986); Peter A. Hall, Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986); Peter J. Katzenstein, Corporatism and Change: Austria, Switzerland, and the Politics of Industry (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984); idem, Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985); Mancur Olson Jr., The Rise and Decline of Nations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982); Zysman (fn. 24).
105. Seminal studies include Geoffrey Garrett and Peter Lange, "The Politics of Growth," Journal of Politics 47 (August 1985); Peter A. Gourevitch, Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to Economic Crises (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986); Peter A. Hall, Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986); Peter J. Katzenstein, Corporatism and Change: Austria, Switzerland, and the Politics of Industry (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984); idem, Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985); Mancur Olson Jr., The Rise and Decline of Nations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982); Zysman (fn. 24).
106. Seminal studies include Geoffrey Garrett and Peter Lange, "The Politics of Growth," Journal of Politics 47 (August 1985); Peter A. Gourevitch, Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to Economic Crises (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986); Peter A. Hall, Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986); Peter J. Katzenstein, Corporatism and Change: Austria, Switzerland, and the Politics of Industry (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984); idem, Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985); Mancur Olson Jr., The Rise and Decline of Nations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982); Zysman (fn. 24).
107. Seminal studies include Geoffrey Garrett and Peter Lange, "The Politics of Growth," Journal of Politics 47 (August 1985); Peter A. Gourevitch, Politics in Hard Times: Comparative Responses to Economic Crises (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1986); Peter A. Hall, Governing the Economy: The Politics of State Intervention in Britain and France (New York: Oxford University Press, 1986); Peter J. Katzenstein, Corporatism and Change: Austria, Switzerland, and the Politics of Industry (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1984); idem, Small States in World Markets: Industrial Policy in Europe (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1985); Mancur Olson Jr., The Rise and Decline of Nations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982); Zysman (fn. 24).
108. Barbara Stallings, ed., Global Change, Regional Response: The New International Context of Development (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 22.
109. For further elaboration of these contrasts, see Herbert H. Werlin, "Ghana and South Korea: Explaining Development Disparities - An Essay in Honor of Carl Rosberg," Journal of Asian and African Studies 29 (July-October, 1994). It may be noted that in a 1987 essay on political change, Huntington cited the same comparison in support of a cultural interpretation of development outcomes. Samuel P. Huntington, "The Goals of Development," in Weiner and Huntington (fn. 14), 25.
110. For further elaboration of these contrasts, see Herbert H. Werlin, "Ghana and South Korea: Explaining Development Disparities - An Essay in Honor of Carl Rosberg," Journal of Asian and African Studies 29 (July-October, 1994). It may be noted that in a 1987 essay on political change, Huntington cited the same comparison in support of a cultural interpretation of development outcomes. Samuel P. Huntington, "The Goals of Development," in Weiner and Huntington (fn. 14), 25.
111. See World Bank, World Tables 1993 (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1993).
112. See Deborah A. Bräutigam, "What Can We Learn from Taiwan? Political Economy, Industrial Policy, and Adjustment," Journal of Modern African Studies 32, no. 1 (1994); Frederic C. Deyo, ed., The Political Economy of New Asian Industrialism (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987); Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman, eds., Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin American and East Asia (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); Robert Wade, "East Asia's Economic Success: Conflicting Perspectives, Partial Insights, and Shaky Evidence," World Politics 44 (January 1992); Gordon White, ed., Developmental States in East Asia (London: Macmillan, 1988).
113. See Deborah A. Bräutigam, "What Can We Learn from Taiwan? Political Economy, Industrial Policy, and Adjustment," Journal of Modern African Studies 32, no. 1 (1994); Frederic C. Deyo, ed., The Political Economy of New Asian Industrialism (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987); Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman, eds., Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin American and East Asia (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); Robert Wade, "East Asia's Economic Success: Conflicting Perspectives, Partial Insights, and Shaky Evidence," World Politics 44 (January 1992); Gordon White, ed., Developmental States in East Asia (London: Macmillan, 1988).
114. See Deborah A. Bräutigam, "What Can We Learn from Taiwan? Political Economy, Industrial Policy, and Adjustment," Journal of Modern African Studies 32, no. 1 (1994); Frederic C. Deyo, ed., The Political Economy of New Asian Industrialism (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987); Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman, eds., Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin American and East Asia (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); Robert Wade, "East Asia's Economic Success: Conflicting Perspectives, Partial Insights, and Shaky Evidence," World Politics 44 (January 1992); Gordon White, ed., Developmental States in East Asia (London: Macmillan, 1988).
115. See Deborah A. Bräutigam, "What Can We Learn from Taiwan? Political Economy, Industrial Policy, and Adjustment," Journal of Modern African Studies 32, no. 1 (1994); Frederic C. Deyo, ed., The Political Economy of New Asian Industrialism (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987); Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman, eds., Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin American and East Asia (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); Robert Wade, "East Asia's Economic Success: Conflicting Perspectives, Partial Insights, and Shaky Evidence," World Politics 44 (January 1992); Gordon White, ed., Developmental States in East Asia (London: Macmillan, 1988).
116. See Deborah A. Bräutigam, "What Can We Learn from Taiwan? Political Economy, Industrial Policy, and Adjustment," Journal of Modern African Studies 32, no. 1 (1994); Frederic C. Deyo, ed., The Political Economy of New Asian Industrialism (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987); Gary Gereffi and Donald L. Wyman, eds., Manufacturing Miracles: Paths of Industrialization in Latin American and East Asia (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); Robert Wade, "East Asia's Economic Success: Conflicting Perspectives, Partial Insights, and Shaky Evidence," World Politics 44 (January 1992); Gordon White, ed., Developmental States in East Asia (London: Macmillan, 1988).
117. Robert H. Bates, Markets and States in Tropical Africa: The Political Basis of Agricultural Policies (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981), 3.
118. Jeffry A. Frieden, Debt, Development, and Democracy: Modern Political Economy and Latin America, 1965-1985 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991).
119. Huntingtion (fh.1), 415; Barbara Geddes, Politicians Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).
120. Huntingtion (fh.1), 415; Barbara Geddes, Politicians Dilemma: Building State Capacity in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).
121. Sylvia Maxfield, Governing Capital: International Finance and Mexican Politics (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1990).
122. Peter Evans, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995); Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992); Stephan Haggard, Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in Newly Industrializing Countries (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1990); John Williamson, ed., The Political Economy of Policy Reform (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1994).
123. Peter Evans, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995); Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992); Stephan Haggard, Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in Newly Industrializing Countries (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1990); John Williamson, ed., The Political Economy of Policy Reform (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1994).
124. Peter Evans, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995); Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992); Stephan Haggard, Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in Newly Industrializing Countries (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1990); John Williamson, ed., The Political Economy of Policy Reform (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1994).
125. Peter Evans, Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995); Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, eds., The Politics of Economic Adjustment (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992); Stephan Haggard, Pathways from the Periphery: The Politics of Growth in Newly Industrializing Countries (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1990); John Williamson, ed., The Political Economy of Policy Reform (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1994).
126. Peter Katzenstein, ed., Between Power and Plenty: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978).
127. See, for example, Barry Ames, "Electoral Rules, Constituency Pressures, and Pork Barrel: Bases of Voting in the Brazilian Congress," Journal of Politics 57 (May 1995); Ellen Comisso, "Legacies of the Past or New Institutions? The Struggle over Restitution in Hungary," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Barbara Geddes, "A Comparative Perspective on the Leninist Legacy in Eastern Europe," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Juan Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994); Arend Lijphart, ed., Parliamentary versus Presidential Government (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1996); Matthew Soberg Shugart and John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
128. See, for example, Barry Ames, "Electoral Rules, Constituency Pressures, and Pork Barrel: Bases of Voting in the Brazilian Congress," Journal of Politics 57 (May 1995); Ellen Comisso, "Legacies of the Past or New Institutions? The Struggle over Restitution in Hungary," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Barbara Geddes, "A Comparative Perspective on the Leninist Legacy in Eastern Europe," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Juan Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994); Arend Lijphart, ed., Parliamentary versus Presidential Government (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1996); Matthew Soberg Shugart and John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
129. See, for example, Barry Ames, "Electoral Rules, Constituency Pressures, and Pork Barrel: Bases of Voting in the Brazilian Congress," Journal of Politics 57 (May 1995); Ellen Comisso, "Legacies of the Past or New Institutions? The Struggle over Restitution in Hungary," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Barbara Geddes, "A Comparative Perspective on the Leninist Legacy in Eastern Europe," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Juan Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994); Arend Lijphart, ed., Parliamentary versus Presidential Government (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1996); Matthew Soberg Shugart and John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
130. See, for example, Barry Ames, "Electoral Rules, Constituency Pressures, and Pork Barrel: Bases of Voting in the Brazilian Congress," Journal of Politics 57 (May 1995); Ellen Comisso, "Legacies of the Past or New Institutions? The Struggle over Restitution in Hungary," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Barbara Geddes, "A Comparative Perspective on the Leninist Legacy in Eastern Europe," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Juan Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994); Arend Lijphart, ed., Parliamentary versus Presidential Government (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1996); Matthew Soberg Shugart and John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
131. See, for example, Barry Ames, "Electoral Rules, Constituency Pressures, and Pork Barrel: Bases of Voting in the Brazilian Congress," Journal of Politics 57 (May 1995); Ellen Comisso, "Legacies of the Past or New Institutions? The Struggle over Restitution in Hungary," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Barbara Geddes, "A Comparative Perspective on the Leninist Legacy in Eastern Europe," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Juan Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994); Arend Lijphart, ed., Parliamentary versus Presidential Government (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1996); Matthew Soberg Shugart and John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
132. See, for example, Barry Ames, "Electoral Rules, Constituency Pressures, and Pork Barrel: Bases of Voting in the Brazilian Congress," Journal of Politics 57 (May 1995); Ellen Comisso, "Legacies of the Past or New Institutions? The Struggle over Restitution in Hungary," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Barbara Geddes, "A Comparative Perspective on the Leninist Legacy in Eastern Europe," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Juan Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994); Arend Lijphart, ed., Parliamentary versus Presidential Government (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1996); Matthew Soberg Shugart and John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
133. See, for example, Barry Ames, "Electoral Rules, Constituency Pressures, and Pork Barrel: Bases of Voting in the Brazilian Congress," Journal of Politics 57 (May 1995); Ellen Comisso, "Legacies of the Past or New Institutions? The Struggle over Restitution in Hungary," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Barbara Geddes, "A Comparative Perspective on the Leninist Legacy in Eastern Europe," Comparative Political Studies 28 (July 1995); Juan Linz and Arturo Valenzuela, eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994); Arend Lijphart, ed., Parliamentary versus Presidential Government (New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Arend Lijphart and Carlos H. Waisman, eds., Institutional Design in New Democracies: Eastern Europe and Latin America (Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1996); Matthew Soberg Shugart and John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
134. See James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," American Political Science Review 78 (September 1984); Grant Jordan, "Policy Community Realism versus 'New' Institutionalist Ambiguity," Political Studies 38 (September 1990); Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). Important examples of work carried out within the framework of different insritutionalist traditions include Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992); R. Kent Weaver and Bert A. Rockman, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993); Katzenstein (fn. 37); S. D. Krasner, Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials, Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Margaret Levi, Of Rule and Revenue (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
135. See James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," American Political Science Review 78 (September 1984); Grant Jordan, "Policy Community Realism versus 'New' Institutionalist Ambiguity," Political Studies 38 (September 1990); Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). Important examples of work carried out within the framework of different insritutionalist traditions include Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992); R. Kent Weaver and Bert A. Rockman, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993); Katzenstein (fn. 37); S. D. Krasner, Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials, Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Margaret Levi, Of Rule and Revenue (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
136. See James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," American Political Science Review 78 (September 1984); Grant Jordan, "Policy Community Realism versus 'New' Institutionalist Ambiguity," Political Studies 38 (September 1990); Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). Important examples of work carried out within the framework of different insritutionalist traditions include Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992); R. Kent Weaver and Bert A. Rockman, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993); Katzenstein (fn. 37); S. D. Krasner, Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials, Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Margaret Levi, Of Rule and Revenue (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
137. See James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," American Political Science Review 78 (September 1984); Grant Jordan, "Policy Community Realism versus 'New' Institutionalist Ambiguity," Political Studies 38 (September 1990); Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). Important examples of work carried out within the framework of different insritutionalist traditions include Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992); R. Kent Weaver and Bert A. Rockman, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993); Katzenstein (fn. 37); S. D. Krasner, Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials, Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Margaret Levi, Of Rule and Revenue (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
138. See James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," American Political Science Review 78 (September 1984); Grant Jordan, "Policy Community Realism versus 'New' Institutionalist Ambiguity," Political Studies 38 (September 1990); Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). Important examples of work carried out within the framework of different insritutionalist traditions include Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992); R. Kent Weaver and Bert A. Rockman, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993); Katzenstein (fn. 37); S. D. Krasner, Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials, Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Margaret Levi, Of Rule and Revenue (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
139. See James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," American Political Science Review 78 (September 1984); Grant Jordan, "Policy Community Realism versus 'New' Institutionalist Ambiguity," Political Studies 38 (September 1990); Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). Important examples of work carried out within the framework of different insritutionalist traditions include Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992); R. Kent Weaver and Bert A. Rockman, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993); Katzenstein (fn. 37); S. D. Krasner, Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials, Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Margaret Levi, Of Rule and Revenue (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
140. See James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," American Political Science Review 78 (September 1984); Grant Jordan, "Policy Community Realism versus 'New' Institutionalist Ambiguity," Political Studies 38 (September 1990); Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). Important examples of work carried out within the framework of different insritutionalist traditions include Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992); R. Kent Weaver and Bert A. Rockman, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993); Katzenstein (fn. 37); S. D. Krasner, Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials, Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Margaret Levi, Of Rule and Revenue (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
141. See James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," American Political Science Review 78 (September 1984); Grant Jordan, "Policy Community Realism versus 'New' Institutionalist Ambiguity," Political Studies 38 (September 1990); Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). Important examples of work carried out within the framework of different insritutionalist traditions include Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992); R. Kent Weaver and Bert A. Rockman, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993); Katzenstein (fn. 37); S. D. Krasner, Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials, Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Margaret Levi, Of Rule and Revenue (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
142. See James G. March and Johan P. Olsen, "The New Institutionalism: Organizational Factors in Political Life," American Political Science Review 78 (September 1984); Grant Jordan, "Policy Community Realism versus 'New' Institutionalist Ambiguity," Political Studies 38 (September 1990); Walter W. Powell and Paul J. DiMaggio, eds., The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). Important examples of work carried out within the framework of different insritutionalist traditions include Sven Steinmo, Kathleen Thelen, and Frank Longstreth, eds., Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992); R. Kent Weaver and Bert A. Rockman, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1993); Katzenstein (fn. 37); S. D. Krasner, Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials, Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978); Douglass C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Margaret Levi, Of Rule and Revenue (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).
143. See, for example, Barry Ames, Political Survival: Politicians and Public Policy in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987); Larry L. Wade and Sung Jin Kang, "The Democratic Breakout in South Korea: An Informal Game-Theoretic Account," Asian Perspective 17 (Fall-Winter 1993); Bates (fn. 32).
144. See, for example, Barry Ames, Political Survival: Politicians and Public Policy in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987); Larry L. Wade and Sung Jin Kang, "The Democratic Breakout in South Korea: An Informal Game-Theoretic Account," Asian Perspective 17 (Fall-Winter 1993); Bates (fn. 32).
145. See, for example, Barry Ames, Political Survival: Politicians and Public Policy in Latin America (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987); Larry L. Wade and Sung Jin Kang, "The Democratic Breakout in South Korea: An Informal Game-Theoretic Account," Asian Perspective 17 (Fall-Winter 1993); Bates (fn. 32).
146. See, for example, Haggard (fn. 36); Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995); Tariq Banuri, ed., Economic Liberalization: No Panacea - The Experiences of Latin America and Asia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991).
147. See, for example, Haggard (fn. 36); Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995); Tariq Banuri, ed., Economic Liberalization: No Panacea - The Experiences of Latin America and Asia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991).
148. See, for example, Haggard (fn. 36); Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995); Tariq Banuri, ed., Economic Liberalization: No Panacea - The Experiences of Latin America and Asia (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991).
149. For overviews of the democratization literature, see Daniel H. Levine, "Paradigm Lost: Dependency to Democracy," World Politics 40 (April 1988); Karen L. Remmer, "New Wine or Old Bottlenecks? The Study of Latin American Democracy," Comparative Politics 23 (July 1991).
150. For overviews of the democratization literature, see Daniel H. Levine, "Paradigm Lost: Dependency to Democracy," World Politics 40 (April 1988); Karen L. Remmer, "New Wine or Old Bottlenecks? The Study of Latin American Democracy," Comparative Politics 23 (July 1991).
151. See, for example, Michael Bratton and Nicolas van de Walle, "Neopatrimonial Regimes and Political Transitions in Africa," World Politics 46 (July 1994); Karen L. Remmer, Military Rule in Latin America (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989); Philip G. Roeder, Red Sunset: The Failure of Soviet Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993); Baohui Zhang, "Corporatism, Totalitarianism, and Transitions to Democracy," Comparative Political Studies 27 (April 1994).
152. See, for example, Michael Bratton and Nicolas van de Walle, "Neopatrimonial Regimes and Political Transitions in Africa," World Politics 46 (July 1994); Karen L. Remmer, Military Rule in Latin America (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989); Philip G. Roeder, Red Sunset: The Failure of Soviet Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993); Baohui Zhang, "Corporatism, Totalitarianism, and Transitions to Democracy," Comparative Political Studies 27 (April 1994).
153. See, for example, Michael Bratton and Nicolas van de Walle, "Neopatrimonial Regimes and Political Transitions in Africa," World Politics 46 (July 1994); Karen L. Remmer, Military Rule in Latin America (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989); Philip G. Roeder, Red Sunset: The Failure of Soviet Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993); Baohui Zhang, "Corporatism, Totalitarianism, and Transitions to Democracy," Comparative Political Studies 27 (April 1994).
154. See, for example, Michael Bratton and Nicolas van de Walle, "Neopatrimonial Regimes and Political Transitions in Africa," World Politics 46 (July 1994); Karen L. Remmer, Military Rule in Latin America (Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989); Philip G. Roeder, Red Sunset: The Failure of Soviet Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993); Baohui Zhang, "Corporatism, Totalitarianism, and Transitions to Democracy," Comparative Political Studies 27 (April 1994).
155. See, in particular, Adam Przeworski, Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991).
156. Barbara Stallings, "International Influence on Economic Policy: Debt, Stabilization, and Structural Reform," in Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36), 43.
157. I have drawn these terms from Jonus Pontusson's insightful review essay, "From Comparative Public Policy to Political Economy: Putting Political Institutions in Their Place and Taking Interests Seriously," Comparative Political Studies 28 (April 1995), 122.
158. See Stallings (fn. 28).
159. See, for example, Karen L. Remmer, "The Process of Democratization in Latin America," Studies in Comparative International Development 27 (Winter 1992-93).
160. Robert O. Keohane, "The World Political Economy and the Crisis of Embedded Liberalism," in John H. Goldthorpe, ed., Order and Conflict in Contemporary Capitalism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), 15.
161. See George Tsebelis, "Decision Making in Political Systems: Veto Players in Presidentialism, Paliamentarism, Multicameralism and Multipartyism," British Journal of Political Science 25 (July 1995).
162. Geddes (fh. 38).
163. Alison Brysk, The Politics of Human Rights in Argentina (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994); Kathryn Sikkink, "Human Rights Issue-Networks in Latin America," International Organization 47 (Summer 1993).
164. Alison Brysk, The Politics of Human Rights in Argentina (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994); Kathryn Sikkink, "Human Rights Issue-Networks in Latin America," International Organization 47 (Summer 1993).
165. Pontusson (fn. 46), 144.
166. See, for example, Tony Killick, "Relevance, Meaning and Determinants of Flexibility," in Killick, ed., The Flexible Economy: Causes and Consequences of the Adaptability of National Economies (London: Routledge, 1995). He observes: "There is near unanimity that relative state autonomy is one of the factors that has worked to the advantage of the East Asian 'miracle' economies" (p. 4).
167. See, for example, Joan M. Nelson, Economic Crisis and Policy Choice: The Politics of Adjustment in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); Stephan Haggard, Richard N. Cooper, and Chung-in Moon, "Policy Reform in Korea," in Robert H. Bates and Anne O. Krueger, eds., Political and Economic Interactions in Economic Policy Reform (London: Blackwell, 1993); Louis A. Picard and Michele Garrity, eds., Policy Reform for Sustainable Development in Africa: The Institutional Imperative (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1994).
168. See, for example, Joan M. Nelson, Economic Crisis and Policy Choice: The Politics of Adjustment in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); Stephan Haggard, Richard N. Cooper, and Chung-in Moon, "Policy Reform in Korea," in Robert H. Bates and Anne O. Krueger, eds., Political and Economic Interactions in Economic Policy Reform (London: Blackwell, 1993); Louis A. Picard and Michele Garrity, eds., Policy Reform for Sustainable Development in Africa: The Institutional Imperative (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1994).
169. See, for example, Joan M. Nelson, Economic Crisis and Policy Choice: The Politics of Adjustment in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990); Stephan Haggard, Richard N. Cooper, and Chung-in Moon, "Policy Reform in Korea," in Robert H. Bates and Anne O. Krueger, eds., Political and Economic Interactions in Economic Policy Reform (London: Blackwell, 1993); Louis A. Picard and Michele Garrity, eds., Policy Reform for Sustainable Development in Africa: The Institutional Imperative (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 1994).
170. See, for example, Stephan Haggard and Robert R. Kaufman, "The Political Economy of Inflation and Stabilization in Middle-Income Countries," in Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36.).
171. For a notable exception that explores the complex interplay between economic and political liberalization with specific reference to the transformation of state structures, see Kanishka Jayasuriya, "Political Economy of Democratisation in East Asia," Asian Perspective 18 (Fall-Winter 1994).
172. See Remmer (fn. 43).
173. See Bates and Krueger (fn. 55).
174. Jeffrey Herbst, State Politics in Zimbabwe (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 249.
175. For a cogent critique of this tendency based upon research into automobile industrialization efforts in five countries in East and Southeast Asia, see Richard F. Doner, "Limits of State Strength: Toward an Institutionalist View of Economic Development," World Politics 44 (April 1992).
176. According to Haggard and Kaufman, for example, "reform initiatives are more likely where and when political institutions insulate politicians and their technocratic allies from particular interest group constraints, at least in the short run." Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36), 19. They develop the same argument in The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions: "The sucessful initiation of reform depends on rulers who have personal control over economic decision-making, the security to recruit and back a cohesive 'reform team,' and die political authority to override bureaucratic and political opposition to policy change." Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 41), 9. See also Merilee S. Grindle and John W. Thomas, Public Choices and Policy Change: The Political Economy of Reform in Developing Countries (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991); John Waterbury, "The Heart of the Matter? Public Enterprise and the Adjustment Process," in Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36); Thomas M. Callaghy, "Political Passions and Economic Interests: Economic Reform and Political Structure in Africa," in Thomas M. Callaghy and John Ravenhill, eds., Hemmed In: Responses to Africa's Decline (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993); idem, "Lost Between State and Market: The Politics of Economic Adjustment in Ghana, Zambia, and Nigeria," in Nelson (fn. 55).
177. According to Haggard and Kaufman, for example, "reform initiatives are more likely where and when political institutions insulate politicians and their technocratic allies from particular interest group constraints, at least in the short run." Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36), 19. They develop the same argument in The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions: "The sucessful initiation of reform depends on rulers who have personal control over economic decision-making, the security to recruit and back a cohesive 'reform team,' and die political authority to override bureaucratic and political opposition to policy change." Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 41), 9. See also Merilee S. Grindle and John W. Thomas, Public Choices and Policy Change: The Political Economy of Reform in Developing Countries (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991); John Waterbury, "The Heart of the Matter? Public Enterprise and the Adjustment Process," in Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36); Thomas M. Callaghy, "Political Passions and Economic Interests: Economic Reform and Political Structure in Africa," in Thomas M. Callaghy and John Ravenhill, eds., Hemmed In: Responses to Africa's Decline (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993); idem, "Lost Between State and Market: The Politics of Economic Adjustment in Ghana, Zambia, and Nigeria," in Nelson (fn. 55).
178. According to Haggard and Kaufman, for example, "reform initiatives are more likely where and when political institutions insulate politicians and their technocratic allies from particular interest group constraints, at least in the short run." Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36), 19. They develop the same argument in The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions: "The sucessful initiation of reform depends on rulers who have personal control over economic decision-making, the security to recruit and back a cohesive 'reform team,' and die political authority to override bureaucratic and political opposition to policy change." Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 41), 9. See also Merilee S. Grindle and John W. Thomas, Public Choices and Policy Change: The Political Economy of Reform in Developing Countries (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991); John Waterbury, "The Heart of the Matter? Public Enterprise and the Adjustment Process," in Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36); Thomas M. Callaghy, "Political Passions and Economic Interests: Economic Reform and Political Structure in Africa," in Thomas M. Callaghy and John Ravenhill, eds., Hemmed In: Responses to Africa's Decline (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993); idem, "Lost Between State and Market: The Politics of Economic Adjustment in Ghana, Zambia, and Nigeria," in Nelson (fn. 55).
179. According to Haggard and Kaufman, for example, "reform initiatives are more likely where and when political institutions insulate politicians and their technocratic allies from particular interest group constraints, at least in the short run." Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36), 19. They develop the same argument in The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions: "The sucessful initiation of reform depends on rulers who have personal control over economic decision-making, the security to recruit and back a cohesive 'reform team,' and die political authority to override bureaucratic and political opposition to policy change." Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 41), 9. See also Merilee S. Grindle and John W. Thomas, Public Choices and Policy Change: The Political Economy of Reform in Developing Countries (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991); John Waterbury, "The Heart of the Matter? Public Enterprise and the Adjustment Process," in Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36); Thomas M. Callaghy, "Political Passions and Economic Interests: Economic Reform and Political Structure in Africa," in Thomas M. Callaghy and John Ravenhill, eds., Hemmed In: Responses to Africa's Decline (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993); idem, "Lost Between State and Market: The Politics of Economic Adjustment in Ghana, Zambia, and Nigeria," in Nelson (fn. 55).
180. According to Haggard and Kaufman, for example, "reform initiatives are more likely where and when political institutions insulate politicians and their technocratic allies from particular interest group constraints, at least in the short run." Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36), 19. They develop the same argument in The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions: "The sucessful initiation of reform depends on rulers who have personal control over economic decision-making, the security to recruit and back a cohesive 'reform team,' and die political authority to override bureaucratic and political opposition to policy change." Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 41), 9. See also Merilee S. Grindle and John W. Thomas, Public Choices and Policy Change: The Political Economy of Reform in Developing Countries (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991); John Waterbury, "The Heart of the Matter? Public Enterprise and the Adjustment Process," in Haggard and Kaufman (fn. 36); Thomas M. Callaghy, "Political Passions and Economic Interests: Economic Reform and Political Structure in Africa," in Thomas M. Callaghy and John Ravenhill, eds., Hemmed In: Responses to Africa's Decline (New York: Columbia University Press, 1993); idem, "Lost Between State and Market: The Politics of Economic Adjustment in Ghana, Zambia, and Nigeria," in Nelson (fn. 55).
181. See, for example, Joseph LaPalombara, "Bureaucracy and Political Development: Notes, Queries, and Dilemmas," in LaPalombara, ed., Bureaucracy and Political Development (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963), who, like Huntingdon, suggested that it would be worth sacrificing speed in economic development to achieve political goals.
182. Huntington (fn. 1), 413.
183. March and Olsen (fn. 39), 747.
184. William H. Riker, "Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions," American Political Science Review 74 (June 1980), 444-45.