The role of hypothalamic peptides in the control of energy balance and body weight

Current Opinion in Endocrinology and Diabetes

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 51-58

  Dryden, Simon ^a   Williams, Gareth ^a  

^a ROYAL LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001874278     PISSN: 10683097     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00060793-199602000-00009     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Frankish HM, Dryden S, Hopkins DFC, Wang Q, Williams G: Neuropeptide Y, the hypothalamus and diabetes: insight into the control of metabolism. Peptides 1995, 16:757-771. This review summarizes the known effects of NPY on food intake and energy balance. It also examines the role of NPY in diabetes and the implications for the control of energy homeostasis in conditions such as energy deficit and obesity.
2. Vettor R, Zarjevski N, Cusin I, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Jeanrenaud B: Induction and reversibility of an obese syndrome by intraventricular neuropeptide Y administration to normal rats. Diabetologia 1994, 37:1202-1208.
3. Davis L, Marks JL: Role of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in body weight regulation. Am J Physiol 1994, 266:R1687-R1691.
4. Strack AM, Sebastian RJ, Schwartz MW, Dallan MF: Glucocorticoids and insulin: reciprocal signals for energy balance. Am J Physiol 1995, 268:R142-R149.
5. Billington CJ, Briggs JE, Harker S, Grace M, Levine AS: Neuropeptide Y in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: a center coordinating energy balance. Am J Physiol 1994, 266:R1765-R1770. The authors showed that NPY injection could increase mRNA expression in a key white fat storage enzyme and reduce mRNA expression in the key brown fat protein, suggesting that NPY can coordinate several components of energy metabolism.
6. Van Dijk G, Bottone AE, Strubbe JH, Steffans AB: Hormonal and metabolic effects of paraventricular hypothalamic administration of neuropeptide Y during rest and feeding. Brain Res 1994, 660:96-103.
7. Bray GA, York DA: Hypothalamic genetic obesity in experimental animals: an autonomic and endocrine hypothesis. Physiol Rev 1979, 59:719-809.
8. Jeanrenaud B: A hypothesis on the aetiology of obesity: dysfunction of the central nervous system as a primary cause. Diabetologia 1985, 28:502-513.
9. Dryden S, Pickavance L, Prankish HM, Williams G: Increased neuropeptide Y secretion in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats. Brain Res 1995, 690:185-188.
10. Beck B, Stricker Krongrad A, Musse N, Nicholas J-P, Burlet C: Putative neuropeptide antagonist failed to decrease overeating in obese Zucker rats. Neurosci Lett 1995, 181:126-128.
11. Wahlestedt C, Reis DJ: Neuropeptide Y-related peptides and their receptors: are the receptors potential therapeutic drug targets? Ann Rev Toxicol 1993, 32:309-352.
12. Schwartz MW, Figlewicz DP, Baskin DG, Woods SC, Porte D: Insulin in the brain: a hormonal regulator of energy balance. Endocr Rev 1992, 13:387-414.
13. Tempel DL, Liebowitz SF: Glucocorticoid receptors in the paraventricular nucleus: interactions with noradrenaline, neuropeptide Y and galanin in relation to feeding. Am J Physiol 1993, 265:E794-E800.
14. Sipols AJ, Baskin DG, Schwartz MW: Effect of intracerebroventricular insulin infusion on diabetic hyperphagia and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression. Diabetes 1995, 44:147-151.
15. Cusin I, Dryden S, Wang Q, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Jeanrenaud B, Williams G: Effect of sustained physiological hyperinsulinemia on hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and NPY mRNA levels in the rat. J Neuroendocrinol 1995, 7:193-197.
16. Reinhardt RR, Bondy CA: Insulin-like growth factors cross the blood-brain-barrier. Endocrinology 1994, 135:1753-1761.
17. Orosco M, Rouch C, Nicolaidis S: Resistance of the obese Zucker rat to insulin-infused feeding and to satiety induced by coinfusion of insulin and glucose. Appetite 1994, 23:209-218.
18. Akabayashi A, Watanabe Y, Wahlestedt C, McEwan BS, Paez X, Leibowitz SF: Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y, its gene expression and receptor activity: relation to circulating corticosterone in adrenalectomised rats. Brain Res 1994, 665:201-212.
19. Hanson ES, Dallman MF: Neuropeptide Y (NPY) may integrate responses of hypothalamic feeding systems and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. J Neuroendocrinol 1995, 7:273-279.
20. Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM: Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and Its human homologue. Nature 1994, 372:425-432. This was a key paper of 1994, with the cloning and sequencing of the first gene implicated in obesity (that of the ob/ob mouse). A human homologue was also cloned. The authors found two mutations of ob, one that causes a 20-fold increase in ob mRNA and a second that does not synthesize ob mRNA.
21. Wilding JPH, Gilbey SG, Bailey CJ, Batt RAL, Williams G, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR: Increased NPY mRNA and decreased neurotensin mRNA in the hypothalamus of the obese (ob/ob) mouse. Endocrinology 1993, 132:1939-1944.
22. Stephens TW, Basinski M, Bristow PK, Bue-Valleskey JM, Burgert SG, Craft L, Hale J, Hoffmann J, Hsiung NH, Kriauciunas A, MaKellar W, Rosteck PR, Schoner B, Smith D, Tinsley FC, Zhang XY, Heiman M: The role of neuropeptide Y in the antiobesity action of the obese gene product Nature 1995, 377:530-532. This study showed that ob can alter an important regulator of appetite, namely NPY. In addition to increasing food intake and body weight, chronic ob administration increased NPY gene expression and release in vitro.
23. Pelleymounter MA, Cullin MJ, Baker MB, Hecht R, Winters D, Boone T, Collins F: Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science 1995, 269:540-543.
24. Halaas JL, Gajiwali KS, Maffei M, Cohen SL, Chait BT, Rabinowitz D, Lallone RL, Burley SK, Friedman JM: Weight reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science 1995, 269:543-546.
25. Campfield LA, Smith FJ, Guisez Y, Devos R, Burn P: Recombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks. Science 1990, 269:546-549.
26. Dryden S, Frankish HM, Wang Q, Williams G: Neuropeptide Y and energy balance: one way ahead for the treatment of obesity? Eur J Clin Invest 1994, 24:293-308.
27. Dryden S, Wang Q, Frankish HM, Pickavance L, Williams G: The serotonin antagonist methysergide increases neuropeptide Y (NPY) synthesis and secretion in the hypothalamus of the rat Brain Res 1995, 699:12-18.
28. Li B-H, Xu B, Rowland NE, Kalra SP: c-fos Expression in the rat brain following central administration of neuropeptide Y and effects on food consumption. Brain Res 1994, 665:277-284.
29. Lambert PD, Phillips PJ, Wilding JPH, Bloom SR, Herbert JC: c-fos Expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus following intracerebroventricular infusions of neuropeptide Y. Brain Res 1995, 670:59-65.
30. Gehlert DR: Subtypes of receptors for neuropeptide Y: Implications for the targetting of therapeutics. Life Sci 1994, 55:551-562.
31. Stanley BG, Magdalin W, Seirafi S, Nguyen MM, Leibowitz SF: Evidence for neuropeptide Y mediation of eating produced by food deprivation and for a variant of the Y1 receptor mediating this peptide's effect Peptides 1992, 13:581-587.
32. Larsen PJ, Jessop DS, Chowdrey HS, Lightman SL, Mikkelsen JD: Chronic administration of glucocorticoids directly upregulate preproneuropeptide Y and Y1-receptor mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus of the rat J Neuroendocrinol 1994, 6:153-159.
33. Dumont Y, Satoh H, Cadieux A, Taoudi Bencheckroun, Pheng LH, St Pierre S, Fournier A, Quirion R: Evaluation of truncated neuro-peptide Y analogs with modifications of the tyrosine residue in position 1 on Y1, Y2 and Y3 receptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol 1993, 238:37-45.
34. Jolicouer FB, Bouali SM, Fournier A, St Pierre S: Mapping of hypothalamic sites involved in the effects of NPY on body temperature and food intake. Brain Res Bull 1995, 36:125-129.
35. 2-34 as a novel radioligand for neuropeptide Y receptors. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1993, 19:727.
36. 2 receptors with distinguished conformations. Eur J Biochem 1994, 225:947-958.
37. Tseng A, Inglis A, Selbie LA, Moriaty M, Potter EK: Neuropeptide Y analog with selective antagonism of effects mediated by postjunctional Y1 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1994, 271:265-271.
38. 27-36 fragment. This molecule reduced the feeding response to NPY and may act as an NPY antagonist.
39. Rudolf K, Eberlein W, Engel W, Weiland HA, Willim KD, Entzeroth M, Weinen W, Beck-Sickinger AG, Doods HN: The first highly potent and selective non-peptide neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist: BIBP3226. Eur J Pharmacol 1994, 271:R11-R13.
40. Jacques D, Cadieux A, Dumont Y, Quirion R: Apparent affinity and potency of BIBP3226, a non-peptide neuropeptide Y receptor antagonist on purported neuropeptide Y, Y1, Y2 and Y3 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1995, 278:R3-R5.
41. Haddo O, Meeran K, Bloom SR: A potent non-peptide NPY Y1 antagonist (BIPP 3226) inhibits both NPY and galanin but not noradrenaline induced feeding. Diabet Med 1995, 12(suppl 2):S20.
42. Mamoun AH, Anderstam B, Bergstrom J, Qureshi GA, Soderstein P: Diet-independent suppression of ingestive behavior by cholecystokinin octapeptide and amino acids. Am J Physiol 1995, 268:R520-R527.
43. Strohmayer AJ, Greenberg D: Devazepide alters meal patterns in lean but not obese male Zucker rats. Physiol Behav 1994, 56:1037-1039.
44. Ballinger A, McLoughlin L, Medbak S, Clark M: Cholecystokinin is a satiety hormone in humans at physiological post-prandial plasma concentrations. Clin Sci 1995, 89:375-381. This paper describes a novel radioimmunoassay procedure for measuring plasma CCK. The effect of infusions of CCK-8 on food intake in health subjects was also measured.
45. Beck B, Burlet A, Nicolas J-P, Burlet C: Galanin in the hypothalamus of fed and fasted lean and obese Zucker rats. Brain Res 1993, 623:124-130.
46. Akabayashi A, Koenig JI, Watanabe Y, Alexander JT, Leibowitz SF: Galanin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus: a neurochemical marker for fat ingestion and body weight gain. Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A 1994, 91:10,375-10,379.
47. Smith BK, York DA, Bray GA: Chronic cerebroventricular galanin does not induce sustained hyperphagia or obesity. Peptides 1994, 15:1267-1272. Chronic cerebroventricular injection of galanin increased daytime food intake but not 24-hour intake in rats fed both high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets.
48. Flynn FW: Bombesin-like peptides in the regulation of ingestive behavior. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1994, 739:120-134.