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84915159825
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Two classics deal with innovation as a process. The first is the major work by Everett Rogers titled Diffusion of Innovations (Free Press at Glencoe, 1962). Two decades have passed since its publication, but this book still offers the most lucid portrayal of innovation as a phased change that occurs over time. On the organizational side, Gerald Zaltman et al.'s book titled Innovations in Organizations (John Wiley & Sons, 1973) gives particular attention to the relationship between management structure and the change process. This is our favorite source book for understanding the interplay between structure and process—or phases in innovation.
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84915201307
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The following sources deal with organizational factors in innovation: “Innovation, Integration, and Marginality: A Survey of Physicians” (American Sociological Review, October 1960), by Herbert Menzel; “The Speed of Response of Firms to New Techniques,” (Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1963), by Edwin Mansfield; and “Big Steel, Invention, and Innovation” (Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1966), by Walter Adams and Joel Dirlam.
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84915197907
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Examples of studies that have further explored the idea of cosmopolitanism in innovation are “Sociometric Location and Innovativeness: Reformulation and Extension of the Diffusion Model” (American Sociological Review, April 1970), by Marshall Becker; “Hospital Adoption of Innovation: The Role of Integration into External Informational Environments” (Journal of Health and Social Behavior, April 1978), by John Kimberly; “Organizational Cosmopolitanism and Innovativeness” (Academy of Management Journal, June 1983), by Thomas Robertson and Yuram Wind; and “A Contingent Approach to Strategy and Tactics in Project Planning” (American Planning Association Journal, April 1979), by John Bryson and Andre Delbecq.
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84915175769
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Two important studies on information processing and innovation are “External Communication and Project Performance: An Investigation into the Role of Gatekeepers” (Management Science, November 1980), by Michael Tushman and Robert Katz; “Communication Across Organizational Boundaries: Special Boundary Roles in the Innovation Process” (Administrative Science Quarterly, December 1977), by Michael Tushman; and Managing the Flow of Technology (MIT Press, 1977), by Thomas Allen.
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84915157050
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Finally, The New Science of Management Decision (Harper & Row, 1960), by Herbert Simon and “Determinants of Innovation in Organizations” (American Political Science Review, March 1969), by Lawrence Mohr are pertinent works on decision making and innovation.
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