Blood residues on fluted points from eastern Beringia

American Antiquity

Volumn 63, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 21-46

  Loy, Thomas H ^a   Dixon, E James ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b Denver Museum Natural History   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001839374     PISSN: 00027316     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2694774     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Alexander, H. L. 1974 The Association of Aurignacoid Elements with Fluted Point Complexes in North America. In International Conference on the Prehistory and Paleoecology of Western North American Arctic and Subarctic, edited by C. Raymond and P. Schiedermann, pp. 21-32, University of Calgary Archaeological Association, Calgary, Alberta.
2. Anderson, D. D. 1968 A Stone Age Campsite at the Gateway to America. Scientific American 218(6):24-33.
3. Andrew, W. 1965 Comparative Hematology. Grune and Stratton. New York.
4. Brown, T. A., and K. A. Brown 1992 Ancient DNA and the Archaeologist. Antiquity 66:10-63.
5. Brunner, H., and B. J. Coman 1974 The Identification of Mammalian Hair. Inkata Press. Melbourne, Australia.
6. Bryan, A. L. 1969 Early Man in America and the Late Pleistocene Chronology of Western Canada and Alaska. Current Anthropology 10:339-365.
7. Buckley, H. E. 1958 Crystal Growth. John Wiley, New York.
8. Clark, D. W. 1972 Archaeology of the Batza Téna Obsidian Source, West-Central Alaska. Anthropological Papers 15(2):1-21. University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
9. 1984 Some Practical Applications of Obsidian Hydration Dating in the Subarctic. Arctic 37:91-109.
10. 1991 The Northern (Alaska-Yukon) Fluted Points. In Clovis: Origins and Adaptations, edited by R. Bonnichsen and K. L. Turnmire, pp. 35-48. Peopling of the Americas Publications, Center for the Study of the First Americans, Oregon State University, Corvallis.
11. Clark, D. W., and A. McF. Clark 1975 Fluted Points from the Batza Téna Obsidian Source of the Koyukuk River Region, Alaska. Anthropological Papers 17(2):31-38. University of Alaska, Fairbanks.
12. Cox, S. 1993 Crystal Gazing: The Future of Hemoglobin Crystallization in Archaeology. Unpublished Bachelor's (Honours) thesis, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
13. Cronyn, J. M. 1990 The Elements of Archaeological Conservation. Routledge, New York.
14. Culliford, B.J. 1971 The Examination and Typing of Bloodstains in the Crime Laboratory. Publication No. Pr-71-7. U.S. Department of Justice, Washington D.C.
15. Custer, J. G., J. Ilgenfritz, and K. R. Doms 1988 A Cautionary Note on the Use of Chemstrips for Detection of Blood Residues on Prehistoric Stone Tools. Journal of Archaeological Science 15:343-345.
16. Czok, R., and T. H. Bücher 1960 Enzymes from Muscle Myogen. Advances in Protein Chemistry 15:323-347.
17. Davis, C. W. 1979 Cultural Resource Survey and Clearance. In National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, edited by E. S. Hall, Jr., pp. E1-E19. U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California.
18. Day, M. G. 1966 Identification of Hair and Feathers in Faeces of Stoats and Weasles. Journal of Zoology 48:201-217. London.
19. 1993 Quest for the Origins of the First Americans. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
20. Dixon, M., and E. C. Webb 1961 Enzyme Fractionation by Salting Out: A Theoretical Note. Advances in Protein Chemistry 16:197-219.
21. Don, R. H., P. T. Cox, B. J. Wainwright, K. Baker, and J. S. Mattick 1991 "Touchdown" PCR to Circumvent Spurious Priming during Gene Amplification. Nucleic Acids Research 19(14):4008.
22. Drysdale, J. W., P. G. Righetti, and H. F. Bunn 1971 The Separation of Human and Animal Hemoglobins by Isoelectric Focusing in Polyacrylamide Gel. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 229:42-50.
23. Dumond, D. E. 1982 Trends and Traditions in Alaskan Prehistory: The Place of Norton Culture. Arctic Anthropology 19(2):39-51.
24. Erlich, H. A. (editor) 1990 PCR Technology. Stockton Press, New York.
25. Forsgren, A., and J. Sjöquist 1967 Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus: Reaction with Rabbit Gamma Globulin. Journal of Immunology 99(1):19-24.
26. Gal, R. 1976 Paleo-Indians of the Brooks Range: A Tradition of Uncontrolled Comparison. Paper presented at the 41st Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, St. Louis, Missouri.
27. Gurfinkle, D., and U. M. Franklin 1988 A Study of the Feasibility of Detecting Blood Residue on Artifacts. Journal of Archaeological Science 15:83-97.
28. Guthrie, R. D. 1990 Frozen Fauna of the Mammoth Steppe. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
29. Hagelberg, E., B. Sykes, and R. Hedges 1989 Ancient Bone DNA Amplified. Nature 342:485.
30. Harper, J. R., N. Mahmoudi, and A. Orengo 1982 Protein A - Bearing Staphylococcus aureus as the Solid Phase in an Enzyme Immunoassay and Its Application to Determination of Urinary Albumin. Clinical Chemistry 28:2378-2382.
31. Haynes, C. V., Jr. 1964 Fluted Projectile Points, Their Age and Dispersal. Science 145:1408-1412.
32. 1971 Time, Environment, and Early Man. Arctic Anthropology 8(2):3-14.
33. 1982 Were Clovis Progenitors in Beringia? In Paleoecology of Beringia, edited by D. M. Hopkins, J. V. Mathews Jr., C. E. Schweger, and S. B. Young, pp. 383-398. Academic Press, New York.
34. Higaki, R. S., and W. M. S. Philp 1976 A Study of the Sensitivity, Stability and Specificity of Phenolphthalein as an Indicator Test for Blood. Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal 9(3):97-102.
35. Higuchi, R., C. H. von Beroldingen, G. F. Sensabaugh, and H. A. Erlich 1988 DNA Typing from Single Hairs. Nature 332:543-546.
36. Höss, M., and S. Pääbo 1993 DNA Extraction from Pleistocene Bones by a Silica-Based Purification Method. Nucleic Acids Research 21:3913-3914.
37. Humphrey, R. L. 1966 The Prehistory of the Utukok River Region Arctic Alaska: Early Fluted Point Tradition with Old World Relationships. Current Anthropology 7:586-588.
38. Hyland, D., J. Tersak, J. Adovasio, and M. Siegel 1990 Identification of the Species of Origin of Residual Blood on Lithic Material. American Antiquity 55:104-112.
39. Johnson, E. 1991 Late Pleistocene Cultural Occupation on the Southern Plains. In Clovis: Origins and Adaptations, edited by R. Bonnichsen and K. L. Turnmire, pp. 215-236. Peopling of the Americas Publications, Center for the Study of the First Americans, Oregon State University, Corvallis.
40. Kendrew, J. C. 1949 The Crystal Structure of Horse Myoglobin. In Haemoglobin, edited by F. J. W. Roughton and J. C. Kendrew, pp. 148-160. Butterworth, London.
41. Kendrew, J. C., and M. F. Perutz 1949 The Application of X-ray Crystallography to the Study of Biological Macromolecules. In Haemoglobin, edited by F. J. W. Roughton and J. C. Kendrew, pp. 161-182. Butterworth, London.
42. Kerr, P. 1959 Optical Mineralogy. McGraw-Hill, New York.
43. Krieger, A. 1963 The Earliest Cultures in the Western United States. American Antiquity 28:138-158.
44. Laemmli, U. K. 1970 Cleaving of Structural Proteins during Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680-684.
45. Lowenstein, J. M. 1985 Molecular Approaches to the Identification of Species. American Scientist 73:541-543.
46. Loy, T. H. 1983 Prehistoric Blood Residues: Detection on Tool Surfaces and Identification of Species of Origin. Science 220:1269-1271.
47. 1987 Recent Advances in Blood Residue Analysis. In Archaeometry, Further Australasian Studies, edited by W. Ambrose and J. M. C. Mummery, pp. 57-65. Australian National University, Canberra.
48. 1990 Prehistoric Organic Residues: Recent Advances in Identification, Dating and Their Antiquity. In Archaeometry '90, edited by W. Wagner, and M. Pemicka, pp. 645-656. Birkhäser Verlag, Basel.
49. 1992 DNA and Proteins from Blood Residues on Stone Tools and Rock Art. Paper delivered at the 145th Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Chicago.
50. 1993a The Artifact as Site: An Example of the Biomolecular Analysis of Organic Residues on Prehistoric Tools. World Archaeology 25:44-62.
51. 1993b Prehistoric Organic Residue Analysis: The Future Meets the Past. In A Community of Culture, edited by W. Ambrose, A. Andrews, R. Jones, A. Thorne, M. Spriggs, and D. Yen, pp. 56-72. Occasional Papers Vol. 21. Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, Canberra.
52. 1993c On the Dating of Prehistoric Organic Residues. The Artefact. 16:46-49. Melbourne, Australia.
53. Loy, T. H., M. David, and D. Buckle 1993 Protocol for Hemoglobin Testing Using the Ames Hemastix™. Manuscript on file. Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
54. Loy, T. H., and B. L. Hardy 1992 Blood Residue Analysis of 90,000-Year-Old Stone Tools from Tabun Cave, Israel. Antiquity 66:24-35.
55. Loy, T. H., R. Jones, D. E. Nelson, B. Meehan, J. Vogel, J. Southon, and R. Cosgrove 1990 Accelerator Radiocarbon Dating of Human Blood Proteins in Pigments from Late Pleistocene Art Sites in Australia. Antiquity 64:110-116.
56. Loy, T. H., and K. I. Matthaei 1994a Species of Origin Determination from Prehistoric Blood Residues Using Ancient Genomic DNA. Australasian Biotechnology 4(3):161-162.
57. 1994b Species Identification of Prehistoric Blood Residues by Amplification of Genomic DNA. Manuscript on file, Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
58. Loy, T. H., K. Matthaei, M. Reed, and K. C. Reed 1991 PCR in Archaeology: A Temporal Molecular Microscope. In The Organization and Expression of the Genome 13: Conference Abstracts, p. 4. Lorne, Australia. Genome Research Conference, Sydney, Australia.
59. Loy, T. H., and D. E. Nelson 1986 Potential Applications of the Organic Residues on Ancient Tools. In Proceedings of the 24th International Symposium on Archaeometry, edited by J. Olin and J. Blackman, pp. 179-186. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington D.C.
60. Loy, T. H., and A. R. Wood 1989 Blood Residue Analysis at Çayönü Tepesi, Turkey. Journal of Field Archaeology 16:451-460.
61. Martin, P. S. 1967 Prehistoric Overkill. In Pleistocene Extinctions: The Search for a Cause, edited by P. S. Martin and H. E. Wright, pp. 75-120. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
62. 1973 The Discovery of America. Science 179:969-974.
63. 1975 Paleolithic Players on the American Stage: Man's Impact on the Late Pleistocene Megafauna. In Arctic and Alpine Environments, edited by J. C. Ives and R. G. Garry, pp. 669-700. Methuen, London.
64. 1982 The Pattern and Meaning of Holarctic Mammoth Extinction. In Paleoecology of Beringia, edited by D. M. Hopkins, J. V. Matthews, Jr., C. E. Schweger, and S. B. Young, pp. 399-408. Academic Press. New York.
65. 1984 Prehistoric Extinctions: The Global Model. In Quaternary Extinctions, a Prehistoric Revolution, edited by P. S. Martin and R. G. Klein, pp.354-403. University of Arizona Press. Tucson.
66. Miyai, K. 1981 Enzyme Immunoassay System - Schematic Representation. In Enzyme Immunoassay, edited by E. Ishikawa, T. Kawai, and K. Miyai, pp. 123-135. Igaku-Shoin, Tokyo.
67. Morlan, R. E. 1977 Fluted Point Makers and the Extinction of the Arctic-Steppe Biome in Eastern Beringia. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 1:95-108.
68. Morlan R. E., and J. Cinq-Mars 1982 Ancient Beringians: Human Occupation in the Late Pleistocene of Alaska and Yukon Territory. In Paleoecology of Beringia, edited by D. M. Hopkins, J. V. Mathews, Jr., C. E. Schweger, and S. B. Young, pp. 307-326. Academic Press, New York.
69. Muller-Beck, H. J. 1966 Paleohunters in America: Origins and Diffusion Science 152:1191-1210.
70. Naito, E., K. Dewa, H. Ymanouchi, and R. Kominami 1992 Ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid (rRNA) Gene Typing for Species Identification. Journal of Forensic Sciences 37:396-403.
71. Nelson, D. E., T. H. Loy, J. S. Vogel, and J. R. Southon 1986 Radiocarbon Dating Blood Residues on Prehistoric Stone Tools. Radiocarbon 28:170-174.
72. Newman, M., and P. Julig 1989 The Identification of Protein Residues on Lithic Artifacts from a Stratified Boreal Forest Site. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 13:119-132.
73. Oshima, M., T. Inoue, and M. Hara 1982 Identification of Species Specific Hemoglobin by Isoelectric Focusing. Forensic Science International 20:277-286.
74. Pääbo, S. 1985 Molecular Cloning of Ancient Egyptian Mummy DNA. Nature 314:644-645.
75. Pääbo, S., R. Higuchi, and A. C. Wilson 1989 Ancient DNA and the Polymerase Chain Reaction. Journal of Biological Chemistry 246(2):1-4.
76. Perutz, M. F. 1949 Recent Developments in the X-ray Study of Haemoglobin. In Haemoglobin, edited by F. J. W. Roughton and J. C. Kendrew, pp. 135-146. Butterworth, London.
77. Péwé, T. L. 1975 Quaternary Geology of Alaska.. Paper No. 835. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.
78. Prager, E. M., A. C. Wilson, J. M. Lowenstein, and V. M. Sarich 1980 Mammoth Albumin. Science 209:287-289.
79. Reichert, E. T., and A. P. Brown 1909 The Dfferentiation and Specificity of Corresponding Proteins and Other Vital Substances in Relation to Biological Classification and Organic Evolution: The Crystallography of Hemoglobins. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C.
80. Righetti, P. G. 1983 Isoelectric Focusing: Theory, Methodology and Applications. Elsevier Biomedical Press, Amsterdam.
81. Righetti, P. G., and A. B. Bosisio 1981 Applications of Isoelectric Focusing to the Analysis of Plant and Food Proteins. Electrophoresis 2:65-75.
82. Schultze, H., and J. Hemmans 1966 The Molecular Biology of Human Proteins. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
83. Sinclair, A., and W. Slattery 1982 Identification of Meat According to Species by lsoelectric Focusing. Australian Veterinary Journal 58:77-80.
84. Solecki, R. S. 1951a Archaeology and Ecology of the Arctic Slope of Alaska. Smithsonian Institution Annual Report, 1950:469-495.
85. 1951b Notes on Two Archaeological Discoveries in Northern Alaska, 1950. American Antiquity 17:55-57.
86. Steck, T. L. 1989 Red Cell Shape. In Cell Shape: Determinants, Regulation and Regulatory Role, edited by W. D. Stein and F. Bronner, pp. 156-178. Academic Press, San Diego.
87. Sutton, J. G. 1983 The Identification of Trout and Salmon Blood on the Basis of the Enzyme, Superoxide Dismutase, Observed by Isoelectric Focusing. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 23:241-243.
88. Thompson, M. 1948 Notes on the Archaeology of the Utukok River, Northwestern Alaska. American Antiquity 14:62-65.
89. Titmus, G. L., and J. C. Woods 1991 Fluted Points from the Snake River Plain. In Clovis: Origins and Adaptations, edited by R. Bonnichsen and K. L. Turnmire, pp. 119-134. Peopling of the Americas Publications. Center for the Study of the First Americans, Oregon State University, Corvallis.
90. Washino, R. K. 1977 Identification of Host Blood Meals in Arthropods: Final Report. Army Contract No. DAMD17-74-C-4069. U.S. Army Research and Development Command, Washington, D.C.
91. Washino, R. K., and G. Else 1972 Identification of Blood Meals of Hematophagous Arthropods by the Hemoglobin Crystallization Method. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 21(1):120-124.
92. Weissman I. L., L. Hood, and W. B. Wood 1978 Essential Concepts in Immunology. Benjamin Cummings. Menlo Park, California.
93. Wendorf, F. 1966 Early Man in the New World: Problems of Migration. American Naturalist 100:253-270.
94. Willey, G. R., and P. Phillips 1958 Method and Theory in American Archaeology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
95. Wright, C., K. J. Willan, J. Sjödahl, D. R. Burton, and R. A. Dwek 1977 The Interaction of Protein A and the Fc Fragment of Rabbit Immunoglobulin G as Probed by Complement-Fixation and Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance Studies. Journal of Biochemistry 167:661-668.
96. Zlatkis, A., B. Zak, and A. J. Boyle 1958 A New Method for the Direct Determination of Serum Cholesterol. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 41:486-492.