Specific heat spectroscopy: Origins, status and applications of the 3ω method

Thermochimica Acta

Volumn 304-305, Issue SPEC. ISS., 1997, Pages 51-66

  Birge, Norman O ^a   Dixon, Paul K ^b   Menon, Narayanan ^c  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

3 ; Glass transition; Method; Specific heat spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001787791     PISSN: 00406031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s0040-6031(97)00201-3     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. R. Kohlrausch, Pogg. Ann. Phys., 91 (1854) 198.
2. K.F. Herzfeld and T.A. Litivitz, Absorption and Dispersion of Ultrasonic Waves (Academic Press, New York and London, 1959).
3. For a review of the phenomenology of glasses, see J. Wong and C.A. Angell, Glass: Structure by Spectroscopy (Dekker, New York, 1976). A more recent review is given by M.D. Ediger, C.A. Angell and S.R. Nagel, J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 13200.
4. For a review of the phenomenology of glasses, see J. Wong and C.A. Angell, Glass: Structure by Spectroscopy (Dekker, New York, 1976). A more recent review is given by M.D. Ediger, C.A. Angell and S.R. Nagel, J. Phys. Chem. 100 (1996) 13200.
5. P.G. Oblad and R.F. Newton, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 59 (1937) 2495.
6. N.O. Birge and S.R. Nagel, Phys. Rev. Lett., 54 (1985) 2674.
7. N.O. Birge, Phys. Rev. B, 34 (1986) 1631.
8. N.O. Birge and S.R. Nagel, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 58 (1987) 1464.
9. T. Christensen, J. Phys. (Paris), 46 (1985) C8-635.
10. W. Kauzmann, Chem. Rev., 43 (1948) 219.
11. Efforts by Birge (ref. 6) to separate the thermal conductivity from the specific heat by combining the data from a planar heater with those from a second experiment using a wire geometry were not successful in the temperature range where the specific heat was frequency-dependent.
12. P.K. Dixon and S.R. Nagel, Phys. Rev. Lett., 61 (1988) 341.
13. N. Menon, J. Chem. Phys., 105 (1996) 5246.
14. See Chapter 12 of E.M. Lifshitz and L.P. Pitaevskii, Statistical Physics, Vol. 5 of Course of Theoretical Physics by Landau and Lifshitz, (Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980).
15. Eq. (2) was written in terms of the enthalpy, rather than the entropy, in ref. 6. That error was then propagated in refs. 12 and 48. (Enthalpy fluctuations include a second term, as shown in ref. 13.) We are grateful to the referee for pointing out this error.
16. J. Jackle, Z. Physik B, 64 (1986) 41.
17. J. Jackle, Physica A, 162 (1990) 377.
18. W. Gotze and A. Latz, J. Phys. Condens. Matter, 1 (1989) 4169.
19. D.W. Oxtoby, J. Chem. Phys., 85 (1986) 1549.
20. R. Zwanzig, J. Chem. Phys., 88 (1988) 5381.
21. Some work along these lines has been done by T. Christensen and N.B. Olsen, Phys. Rev. B, 49 (1994) 15396 and J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 362 (1994) 172-174.
22. Some work along these lines has been done by T. Christensen and N.B. Olsen, Phys. Rev. B, 49 (1994) 15396 and J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 362 (1994) 172-174.
23. K.D. Maglic, A. Cezairliyan and V.E. Peletsky (Eds.), Compendium of Thermophysical Property Measurement Methods, Vol. 1 (Plenum Press, New York, 1984).
24. P.F. Sullivan and G. Seidel, Phys. Rev., 173 (1968) 679.
25. See, for example, R. Bachman et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum., 43 (1972) 205.
26. The original references (refs. 5-7) put the drive current at frequency ω/2, so that the measurement occurs at frequency ω. We have adopted the different notation in this article in deference to the growing use of the name '3ω method' in the literature.
27. Ebeling, Ann. d. Phys., 27 (1908) 391.
28. O.M. Corbini, Physik Z., 11 (1910) 413 and 12 (1911) 292.
29. O.M. Corbini, Physik Z., 11 (1910) 413 and 12 (1911) 292.
30. L.R. Holland, J. Appl. Phys., 34 (1963) 2350; L.R. Holland and R.C. Smith, J. Appl. Phys., 37 (1966) 4528.
31. L.R. Holland, J. Appl. Phys., 34 (1963) 2350; L.R. Holland and R.C. Smith, J. Appl. Phys., 37 (1966) 4528.
32. At about the same time as the work of Birge and Nagel, 3ω methods were invented independently for other problems. See for example, M.A. Dubson, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., 3 (1986) 622.
33. D.G. Cahill and R.O. Pohl, Phys. Rev. B, 35 (1987) 4067; D.G. Cahill, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61 (1990) 802.
34. D.G. Cahill and R.O. Pohl, Phys. Rev. B, 35 (1987) 4067; D.G. Cahill, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61 (1990) 802.
35. P.K. Dixon and L. Wu, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 60 (1989) 3329.
36. P.K. Dixon, Phys. Rev. B, 42 (1990) 8179.
37. Alternatively, one can choose a completely different geometry such as a thin wire, see Refs. 10 and 48.
38. H.S. Carslaw and J.C. Jaeger, Conduction of Heat in Solids, (Clarendon, New York, 1959).
39. pK(ω) has been applied to supercooled liquids by Büchner and Korpium, Appl. Phys. B 43 (1987) 29. They use a photoacoustic technique wherein a thin layer of carbon black is laid on the interface between the sample and a gas and illuminated with a laser beam, chopped at the frequency ω. A microphone and lock-in are used to pick up the acoustic signal in the gas.
40. Y.H. Jeong, S.R. Nagel and S. Bhattacharya, Phys. Rev. A, 34 (1986) 602.
41. H. Vogel, Phys. Z. 22 (1921) 645; G.S. Fulcher, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 6 (1926) 339.
42. H. Vogel, Phys. Z. 22 (1921) 645; G.S. Fulcher, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 6 (1926) 339.
43. C.A. Angell, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 49 (1988) 863.
44. G. Williams and D.C. Watts, Trans. Farad. Soc., 66 (1966) 80.
45. D.W. Davidson and R.H. Cole, J. Chem. Phys., 18 (1950) 1417.
46. Wu et al., J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 131 (1991) 32; P.K. Dixon et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 1108.
47. Wu et al., J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 131 (1991) 32; P.K. Dixon et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 65 (1990) 1108.
48. N. Menon and S.R. Nagel, Phys. Rev. Lett., 71 (1993) 4095.
49. D.L. Leslie-Pelecky and N.O. Birge, Phys. Rev. Lett., 72 (1993) 1232.
50. Y.H. Jeong and I.K. Moon, Phys. Rev., B 52 (1995) 6381.
51. N. Menon, S.R. Nagel and D.C. Venerus, Phys. Rev. Lett., 73 (1994) 963.
52. G.S. Grest and S.R. Nagel, J. Phys. Chem., 91 (1987) 4916.
53. H. Leyser, A. Schulte, W. Doster and W. Petry, Phys. Rev. E, 51 (1995) 5899.
54. S.M. Lee, S.M. Lin, S.-I. Kwun and Y.H. Jeong, Sol. State. Comm., 88 (1993) 361.
55. I.K. Moon, Y.H. Jeong and S.-I. Kwun, Rev. Sci. Instr., 67 (1996) 29.
56. D.H. Jung, T.W. Kwon, D.J. Bae, I.K. Moon and Y.H. Jeong, Meas. Sci. Tech., 3 (1992) 475.
57. M. Settles, F. Post, D. Muller, A. Schulte and W. Doster, Biophys. Chem., 43 (1992) 107.