Do-e Khordad and the specter of democracy

Middle East Report

Volumn , Issue 212, 1999, Pages

  Ehsani, Kaveh ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO   (United States)

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EID: 0001783773     PISSN: 08992851     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (14)

1. For example, the remote village of Rudbal in the province of Fars (67 kilometers southwest of Shiraz) has electricity and had drinking water since 1981. Its first high-school was created in 1982, and its first kindergarten in 1984. More than 50 percent of the 2000 inhabitants of this village (primarily members of the settled Lor tribes) are now literate. Every household has a radio and many also have televisions. See Jamshid Sidaqat-Kish, Taknigari-yi Rusta-yi Rudhal [A Monography of the Village of Rudhal], (Shiraz: Pazhouheshkadeh-yi Fars, 1998), pp. 7, 11-12, 18, 20, 24.
2. For a discussion see Asef Bayat, "Squatters and the State: Back Street Politics in the Islamic Republic," Middle East Report (November-December 1994), pp. 10-14.
3. Sarshomari-yi Nufus va Maskan 1375, Natayej-i Tafsili [The 1996 Census of the Population and Housing] (Tehran: Center for Iran's Statistics), 1997, pp. 15-16.
4. See the speech of Heshmatollah Tabarzeddi on October 21, 1997.
5. See Sabh 64 (Azar 1375 /December 1996), p. 58.
6. Ahmad Ahmadi, "Rabiteh-yi tabi'at va falsafeh" [the Relationship Between Nature and Philosophy], Danishgah-i Inqilab 98-99 (Summer-Autumn 1993), pp. 35, 37.
7. Mohammad Mojtahed-Shabestari, "Din va 'Aql, Sokhan-i Akhar" [Religion and Reason, the Last Word], Keyhan-i Farhangui (July-August 1989), p.14.
8. See Kadiva's interview in The Daily Khordad 25-27 (January 1999). Iran's Special Clergy Court accused Kadivar of plotting against the Islamic regime, and he was jailed in February 1999. The mobilization of thousands of university and theology students calling for his release has thus far proved unfruitful.
9. See Firuzeh Khal'atbari, "Iran, a Unique Underground Economy," in Thierry Coville (ed.), L'économie de l'Iran islamique: entre Etat et le marché (Tehran: Institut Français de Recherche en Iran, (1994), pp. 113-131.
10. Bahman 3 (6 Isfand 1375/24 February 1996), p. 3. Bahman was a weekly published by Ataollah Mohajerani, the current minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance. Following the March-April 1996 legislative elections, he was forced to cease publication due to his profound disagreements with the conservative clergy.
11. A.H. Mehryar, M.Tabibian, R.Gholipour, Changing Patterns of Household Incomes, 1974-1993 (Tehran: Institute for Research on Planning and Development, 1995), pp. 6-7.
12. See Azadeh Kian-Thiébaut, "Les stratégies des intellectuels religieux et clercs iraniens face à la modernité occidentale," Revue Française de Science Politique 47/6 (December 1997), pp. 776-797.
13. For further discussion see, among others, Azadeh Kian-Thiébaut, "Women and Politics in Post-Islamist Iran: the Gender-Conscious Drive to Change," British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 24/1 (1997), pp. 75-96; and "L'émergence d'un discours féminin: un enjeu politique en Iran post-islamiste," Les Cahiers de l'Orient, Spécial Femmes en Islam 3 (1997), pp. 55-72.
14. For further discussion see, among others, Azadeh Kian-Thiébaut, "Women and Politics in Post-Islamist Iran: the Gender-Conscious Drive to Change," British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 24/1 (1997), pp. 75-96; and "L'émergence d'un discours féminin: un enjeu politique en Iran post-islamiste," Les Cahiers de l'Orient, Spécial Femmes en Islam 3 (1997), pp. 55-72.