Redeployment and continuous learning in the 21st century: Hard lessons and positive examples from the downsizing era

Academy of Management Executive

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 67-78

  London, Manuel ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0001782983     PISSN: 10795545     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5465/ame.1996.3145320     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. See M.W. Browne (1995). Supply exceeds demand for Ph.D.'s in many science fields. New York Times, July 4, p. 16.
2. This paper is based upon the 1995 Lydia S. and Samuel S. Dubin Invited Lecture presented at The Pennsylvania State University. The author is grateful to Dr. Donna S. Queeney and Dr. James L. Farr for their encouragement in the preparation of this paper. Cases described here are drawn from chapters in my 1995 edited volume, Employees, Careers, and Job Creation: Developing Growth-Oriented Human Resource Strategies and Programs, published by Jossey-Bass as part of the Professional Practice Series sponsored by the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
3. For examples of research on this topic see R. Kessler, J. Turner, & J. House, (1989). Unemployment, re-employment, and emotional functioning in a community sample. American Sociological Review, 54, 648-657;
4. C. Leana & D.C. Feldman, (1992). Coping wifh job loss: How individuals, organizations and communities respond to layoffs. New York: Lexington;
5. and R. Payne, & J. Hartley, (1987). A test of a model for explaining the effective experience of unemployed men. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 60, 31-47.
6. Some studies have examined the effects of training and outplacement programs. A good example is R. Caplan, A. Vinokur, R. Price, & M. van Ryan, (1989), "Job seeking, re-employment, and mental health: A randomized field experiment in coping with job loss," Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 759-769.
7. Other studies have examined the effects of personal and demographic characteristics such as age, gender, and personal expectations on the ability of individuals to find new work. For research on age effects, see, for instance, D. Shapiro, D. & S. Sandell, (19850, "Age discrimination in wages and displaced older men," Southern Economic Journal, 52, 90-102.
8. For research on gender, see E. Rosen, (1987), Bitter choices: Blue collar women in and out of work, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
9. For an understanding of career transitions, see M.W. McCall, Jr., M.M. Lombardo, & A.M. Morrison, (1988). The lessons of experience: How successful executives develop on the job. New York: Lexington Books.
10. S. Klarreich (1993). "RET: A powerful tool to turn a traumatic job termination into an enlightening career transition," Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 11, 77-89.
11. S. Klarreich Ibid., pp. 82-83.
12. M. London (1993). "Career motivation of full-and part-time workers in mid and late career." The International Journal of Career Management, 5(1), 21-29.
13. These findings come from S.R. Rhodes (1983), "Age-related differences in work attitudes and behavior: A review and conceptual analysis," Psychological Bulletin, 93, 328-367;
14. G. McEvoy, & W. Cascio (1989). "Cumulative evidence of the relationship between employees age and job performance," Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 11-17;
15. and J. Cleveland, & A. Berman, (1987). "Age perceptions of jobs: Convergence of two questionnaires," Psychological Reports, 60, 1075-1081;
16. and B.S. Lawrence (1988), 'New wrinkles in the theory of age: Demography, norms, and performance ratings," Academy of Management Journal, 31, 309-337.
17. I.L. Goldstein (1993). Training in organizations: Needs assessment, development, and evaluation (3rd. Edition), Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, p. 324.
18. For a more detailed description, see R.H. Price, & A.D. Vinokur (1995), "The Michigan JOBS Program: Supporting career transitions in a time of organizational downsizing," In M. London (ed.), Employees, Careers, and Economic Growth. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
19. See also, A.D. Vinokur, M. van Ryn, E.M. Gramlich, & R.H. Price. (1991), "Long-term follow-up and benefit-cost analysis of the jobs program: A preventive intervention for the unemployed," Journal of Applied Psychology, 76, 213-219.
20. For more information about this program see G. Wolf, J. Casey, J. Pufahl, & M. London, (1995), "Developing displaced engineers for job creation in high technology firms," in London, M. (ed.), Employees, Careers, and Economic Growth, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
21. Also see G. Wolf, M. London, J. Casey, & J. Pufahl, (1995), "Career experience and motivation as predictors of training behaviors and outcomes for displaced engineers," Journal of Vocational Behavior, 47, 316-331.
22. Described by L. Last, R.W.E. Peterson, J. Rapaport, & C. Webb, (1995). "Creating opportunities for displaced workers: A Center for Commercial Competitiveness," in M. London (ed.), Employees, Careers, and Economic Growth. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
23. Outlined in detail in R.J. Vance, & D.V. Day, (1995), "Human resource support for defense industry diversification: Development of an outplacement counseling program," in London, M. (ed.), Employees, Careers, and Economic Growth, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
24. For a more detailed description, see J.W. Smither, (1995), "Creating and managing an internal contingent work force of managerial and technical-professional employees," in London, M. (ed.), Employees, Careers, and Economic Growth, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
25. S.A. Stumpf (1992). "Career goal: Entrepreneur?" The International Journal of Career Management, 4(2), 26.
26. Also, see B.J. Bird (1989), Entrepreneurial behavior, Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
27. See Stumpf, op cit.
28. and also D.A. Kolb (1984), Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
29. This example was given by J.C. Rife, & J.R. Belcher (1994). "Assisting unemployed older workers to become reemployed: An experimental evaluation," Research on Social Work Practice, 4, 3-13.
30. See also N. Azrin, V. Besalel, I. Wisotek, M. McMurrow, & R. Bechtel, (1982), "Behavioral supervision versus informational counseling of job seeking in the Job Club," Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 25, 212-218.
31. Rife & Belcher, op cit.
32. Based on the discussion of collective re-employment activities presented by C. Leana, & D.C. Feldman, (1995), "Coping with job loss through community-based job creation and retention strategies," in M. London (ed.). Employees, Careers, and Economic Growth, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
33. C. Leana, & D.C. Feldman, (1995), Coping with job loss through community-based job creation and retention strategies. Employees, Careers, and Economic Growth. Ibid.
34. J.G. Bennett Jr. (1995), "Employment Assistance," C&EN: Newsletter of the American Chemical Society, June 12, pp. 29, 50-51.
35. These and other examples of advanced and simple training technologies are offered in M. London (1989). Managing the training enterprise, San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
36. For more information about career motivation, see M. London (1985), Developing managers, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
37. See M. London (1990), "Enhancing career motivation in late career," Journal of Organizational Change Management, 3, 58-71.
38. M. London (1992), "When older workers are not expendable: Organizational conditions associated with hiring and developing people over age 55," The International Journal of Career Management, 4(2), 15-25.