Feeding minerals to cattle on pasture

Animal Feed Science and Technology

Volumn 60, Issue 3-4, 1996, Pages 247-271

  McDowell, Lee R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cattle; Free choice; Minerals; Pasture

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; BOS TAURUS; BOVIDAE;

EID: 0001745107     PISSN: 03778401     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(96)00983-2     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Allcroft, R., 1961. The use and misuse of mineral supplements. Vet. Rec., 73: 1255-1266.
2. Arnold, G.W., 1964. Some principles in the investigation of selective grazing. Proc. Aust. Soc. Anim. Prod., 5: 285
3. Barrows, G.T., 1977. Research efforts have lagged in free-choice feeding. Anim. Nutr. Health, 32: 12-14.
4. Becker, R.B., Neal, W.M. and Shealy, A.L., 1933. Stiffs or Sweeney (phosphorus deficiency in cattle). Fla. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull., 264.
5. Becker, R.B., Davis, G.K., Kirk, W.G., Glasscock, R.S., Dix, A.P.T. and Pace, J.E., 1944. Defluorinated superphosphate for livestock. Fl. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull., 401.
6. Beede, D.K., 1992. Preventing milk fever. Feed Manage., 43(6): 28-31.
7. Berger, L.L., 1992. Grass tetany: causes and prevention. Salt Trace Miner., 24: 1-4.
8. Bohstedt, G., 1957. Minerals for livestock. Wis. Ext. Circ. 297, Uni. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
9. Call, J.W., Butcher, J.E., Blake, J.T., Smart, R.A. and Shupe, J.L., 1978. Phosphorus influence on growth and reproduction of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 47: 216-225.
10. Coppock, C.E., Everett, R.W. and Merrill, W.G., 1972. Effect of ration on free-choice consumption of calcium-phosphorus supplements by dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci., 55: 245-256.
11. Coppock, C.E., Everett, R.W. and Belyea, R.L., 1976. Effect of low calcium or low phosphorus diets on free-choice consumption of dicalcium phosphate by lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 59: 571-580.
12. Cunha, T.J., 1973. Recent developments in mineral nutrition. A look at the highlights of research involving the mineral requirements for swine, beef, cattle and horses. Feedstuffs, 45(20): 27-28.
13. Cunha, T.J., 1980. The importance of salt, mineral and protein blocks. Anim. Nutr. Health, 35(3): 11, 29.
14. Cunha, T.J., 1987. Salt and Trace Minerals. Salt Institute, Alexandria, VA.
15. Cunha, T.J., Shirley, R.L., Chapman, Jr., H.L., Ammerman, C.B., Davis, G.K., Kirk, W.G. and Hentges, J.F., 1964. Minerals for beef cattle in Florida. Fla. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull., 683.
16. Denton, D.A., 1967. Salt appetite, Handbook of Physiology 1, Am. Physiol. Soc., Washington, DC.
17. Denton, D.A., Blair-West, J.R., McKinley, M.I. and Nelson, J.F., 1986. Physiological analysis of bone appetite (osteophagia). Bioessays, 4: 40-42.
18. Dew, M.I., Stoddard, G.E. and Bateman, G.O., 1954. Phosphorus supplements made more palatable with salt. Utah Farm Home Sci., 15: 36.
19. Ellis, G.L., McDowell, L.R. and Conrad, J.H., 1988. Evaluation of mineral supplements for grazing cattle in tropical areas. Nutr. Rep. Int., 38: 1137-1147.
20. Gaynor, P.J., Mueller, F.J., Miller, J.K., Ramsey, N., Goff, J.P. and Horst, R.L., 1989. Parturient hypocalcemia in Jersey cows fed alfalfa haylage-based diets with different cation to anion ratios. J. Dairy Sci., 72: 2525-2531.
21. Gordon, J.G., Tribe, D.E. and Graham, T.C., 1954. The feeding behavior of phosphorus-deficient cattle and sheep. Br. J. Anim. Behav., 2: 72-74.
22. Herrick, J., 1989. Zinc methionine: feedlot and dairy indications. Large Anim. Vet., 44: 35-37.
23. Hutjens, M.F. and Young, C.W., 1976. Evaluation of cafeteria-style free-choice minerals by dairy cows. Proc. 71st American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting, Raleigh, NC, p. 30 (Abstract).
24. Kam, J.F. and Clanton, D.C., 1977. Potassium in range supplements. J. Anim. Sci., 45: 1426.
25. Kincaid, R.L., 1989. Availability, biology of chelated, sequestered minerals explored. Feedstuffs, 61(11): 22-58.
26. Kincaid, R.L., Blauwiekel, R.M. and Cronrath, J.D., 1986. Supplementation of copper as copper sulfate or copper proteinate for growing calves fed forages containing molybdenum. J. Dairy Sci., 69: 160-163.
27. Lee, H.J. and Marston, H.R., 1969. The requirement for cobalt of sheep grazed on cobalt-deficient pastures. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 20: 905-918.
28. Mailer, O., 1967. Specific appetite. In: M.R. Kare and O. Maller (Editors), The Chemical Senses and Nutrition. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, MD, pp. 201-212.
29. McDowell, L.R., 1985. Nutrition of Grazing Ruminants in Warm Climates. Academic Press, New York.
30. McDowell, L.R., 1992. Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 524 pp.
31. McDowell, L.R., Conrad, J.H. and Glen Hembry, F., 1993. Minerals for Grazing Ruminants in Tropical Regions, 2nd edn. University of Florida, Gainesville.
32. Miles, W.H. and McDowell, L.R., 1983. Mineral deficiencies in the llanos rangelands of Colombia. World Anim. Rev., 46: 2-10.
33. Miller, W.J., 1979. Dairy Cattle Feeding and Nutrition. Academic Press, New York.
34. Muller, L.D., Schaffer, L.V., Ham, L.C. and Owens, M.J., 1977. Cafeteria-style free-choice mineral feeder for lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci., 60: 1574-1582.
35. Nelson, J., 1988. Review of trace mineral chelates and complexes available to the feed industry. Western Nutrition Conference, Winnipeg, Manitoba, September, pp. 1-36.
36. National Research Council, 1980. Mineral Tolerance of Domestic Animals. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, DC.
37. National Research Council, 1984. Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, 6th edn. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, DC.
38. National Research Council, 1989. Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals, Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, 6th edn. National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, DC.
39. Oldfield, J.E., 1991. Some safety considerations involving selenium. Bulletin of Selenium-Tellurium Development Association, Grimbergen, Belgium, September.
40. Patton, R.S., 1990. Chelated minerals: what are they, do they work?. Feedstuffs, 62(9): 14-17.
41. Reid, R.L. and Horvath, D.J., 1980. Soil chemistry and mineral problems in farm livestock. A review. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 5: 95-167.
42. Reid, R.L., Jung, G.A. and Gross, C.F., 1976. Grass tetany as a metabolic problem in the eastern United States. Proc. Hill Lands Int. Symp., West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, pp. 640-648.
43. Rode, L.M. and Beauchemin, K.A., 1993. Cattle are poor judges of their mineral needs. Weekly Letter, Agriculture Canada No. 3082, Lethbridge, Canada.
44. Rojas, L.X., 1994. Relative bioavailability of different organic and inorganic zinc and copper sources in ruminants and rats. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville.
45. Schmidt-Nielsen, K., 1994. How are control systems controlled?. Am. Sci., 82: 38-44.
46. Spears, J.W., 1989. Zinc methionine for ruminants: relative bioavailability of zinc in lambs and effects on growth and performance of growing heifers. J. Anim. Sci., 67: 835-843.
47. Spears, J.W., 1991. Chelated trace minerals in ruminant nutrition. Proc. 2nd Annual Florida Ruminant Nutrition Symp., 23-24 January 1991, Gainesville, FL, p. 1-13.
48. Spears, J.W. and Kegley, E.B., 1991. Effect of zinc and manganese methionine on performance of beef cows and calves. J. Anim. Sci., 69 (Suppl. 1): 59 (Abstract).
49. Spears, J.W., Harvey, R.W. and Segersen, E.C., 1986. Effects of marginal selenium deficiency and winter protein supplementation on growth, reproduction and selenium status of beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 63: 586-594.
50. Spears, J.W., Kegley, E.B. and Ward, J.D., 1991. Bioavailability of organic, inorganic trace minerals explored. Feedstuffs, 27(47): 12-20.
51. Suttle, N.F. and Jones, D.G., 1989. Recent developments in trace element metabolism and function: trace elements, disease resistance and immune responsiveness in ruminants. J. Nutr., 119: 1055-1061.
52. Tait, R.M., Fisher, L.J. and Upright, J., 1992. Free-choice mineral consumption by grazing Holstein steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci., 72: 1001-1002.
53. Theiler, A., Green, H.H. and Du Toit, P.J., 1924. Phosphorus in the livestock industry. Union S. Afr. J. Dept. Agr., 8: 460-504.
54. Ullrey, D.E., 1992. Selenium in animal feed: environmental impact. Hearing before the Commissioner. Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD.
55. Underwood, E.J., 1981. The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, London.
56. Valle, G., McDowell, L.R. and Wilkinson, N.S., 1993. Selenium concentration of bermudagrass after spraying with sodium selenate. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 24(13/14): 1763-1768.
57. Van Niekerk, B.D.H. and Jacobs, G.A., 1985. Protein, energy and phosphorus supplementation of cattle fed low-quality forage. S. Afr. Tydskr. Veek., 15: 133-136.
58. Ward, J.D., Spears, J.W. and Kegley, E.B., 1992. Effect of trace mineral source on mineral metabolism, performance and immune response in stressed cattle. J. Anim. Sci., 70 (Suppl. 1): 300 (Abstract).
59. Weber, D.W., Dill, T.O., Oldfield, J.E. and Frobish, R., Vandebergh, K. and Zollinger, W., 1992. Daily intake of free-choice salt and protein blocks by beef cows was highly variable. Prof. Anim. Sci., 8: 15-20.
60. Williams, S.N., Lawrence, L.A., McDowell, L.R., Wilkinson, N.S., Ferguson, P.W. and Warnick, A.C., 1991a. Criteria to evaluate bone mineralization in cattle. I. Effect of dietary phosphorus on chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. J. Anim. Sci., 69: 1232-1242.
61. Williams, S.N., Lawrence, L.A., McDowell, L.R., Wilkinson, N.S., Ferguson, P.W. and Warnick, A.C., 1991b. Criteria to evaluate bone mineralization in cattle. II. Noninvasive techniques. J. Anim. Sci., 69: 1243-1254.