Effects of boundary conditions on magnetization switching in kinetic Ising models of nanoscale ferromagnets

Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics

Volumn 55, Issue 17, 1997, Pages 11521-11540

  Richards, Howard L ^a   Kolesik, M ^a   Lindg̊ard, Per Anker ^a   Rikvold, Per Arne ^a   Novotny, M ^a  

^a FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001735918     PISSN: 10980121     EISSN: 1550235X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.55.11521     Document Type: Article

References (125)

1. E. F. Kneller and F. E. Luborsky, J. Appl. Phys. 34, 656 (1963).
2. I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, in Magnetism, edited by G. T. Rado and H. Suhl (Academic, New York, 1963), Vol. 3, p. 271.
3. C. P. Bean and J. D. Livingston, J. Appl. Phys. 30, 120S (1959).
4. H. L. Richards, S. W. Sides, M. A. Novotny and P. A. Rikvold, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 150, 37 (1995).
5. H. L. Richards, S. W. Sides, M. A. Novotny, and P. A. Rikvold, in Physical Phenomena at High Magnetic Fields, edited by Z. Fisk, L. Gorkov, D. Meltzer, and R. Scrieffer (World Scientific, Singapore, 1995), p. 386.
6. H. L. Richards, S. W. Sides, M. A. Novotny and P. A. Rikvold, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 5749 (1996).
7. H. L. Richards, M. A. Novotny and P. A. Rikvold, Phys. Rev. B 54, 4113 (1996).
8. M. Kolesik, H. L. Richards, M. A. Novotny, P. A. Rikvold, and P.-A. Lindg̊ard, J. Appl. Phys. (to be published).
9. L. Néel, Ann. Geophys. 5, 99 (1949).
10. W. F. Brown, J. Appl. Phys. 30, 130S (1959).
11. W. F. Brown, Phys. Rev. 130, 1677 (1963).
12. J. H. Van't Hoff, Etudes de Dynamiques Chimiques (Muller, Amsterdam, 1884).
13. S. Arrhenius, Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 4, 266 (1889).
14. A. Aharoni, Introduction to the Theory of Ferromagnetism (Clarendon, Oxford, 1996).
15. A. Lyberatos, D. V. Berkov and R. W. Chantrell, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 5, 8911 (1993).
16. A. Lyberatos and R. W. Chantrell, J. Phys. D 29, 2332 (1996).
17. See, C. L. Wang and S. R. P. Smith, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 8, 4813 (1996), and references therein.
18. R. D. Kirby, J. X. Shen, R. J. Hardy and D. J. Sellmyer, Phys. Rev. B 49, 10 810 (1994).
19. R. Mélin, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 162, 211 (1996).
20. D. García-Pablos, P. García-Mochales, N. García and P. A. Serena, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 6019 (1996).
21. U. Nowak and A. Hucht, J. Appl. Phys. 76, (1994).
22. S. T. Chui and D.-C. Tian, J. Appl. Phys. 78, 3965 (1995).
23. P. A. Rikvold and B. M. Gorman, in Annual Reviews of Computational Physics I, edited by D. Stauffer (World Scientific, Singapore, 1994), p. 149.
24. B. M. McCoy and T. T. Wu, The Two-Dimensional Ising Model (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1973).
25. L. Onsager, Phys. Rev. 65, 117 (1944).
26. C. N. Yang, Phys. Rev. 85, 809 (1952).
27. B. M. McCoy and T. T. Wu, Phys. Rev. 162, 463 (1967).
28. D. B. Abraham and F. Latrémoliere, Phys. Rev. E 50, R9 (1994).
29. H. E. Stanley, Introduction to Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena (Oxford University Press, New York, 1971).
30. M. N. Barber, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, London, 1983), Vol. 8.
31. C. Domb, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, London, 1974), Vol. 3.
32. P. C. Hohenberg and B. Halperin, Rev. Mod. Phys. 49, 435 (1977).
33. K. Binder, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, London, 1976), Vol. 5.
34. J. D. Gunton, M. S. Miguel, and P. S. Sahni, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena (Ref. 31), Vol. 8.
35. H. M. Duiker and P. D. Beale, Phys. Rev. B 41, 490 (1990).
36. P. D. Beale, Integ. Ferroelect. 4, 107 (1994).
37. H.-B. Braun, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 3557 (1993).
38. H.-B. Braun, J. Appl. Phys. 75, 4609 (1994).
39. H.-B. Braun, Phys. Rev. B 50, 16 485 (1994).
40. H.-B. Braun, Phys. Rev. B 50, 16 501 (1994).
41. A. Zangwill, Physics at Surfaces (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988).
42. R. Allenspach, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 129, 160 (1994).
43. H.-J. Elmers, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 9, 3115 (1995).
44. P. W. Selwood, Chemisorption and Magnetization (Academic, New York, 1975).
45. H. Bu, C. D. Roux and J. W. Rabalais, J. Chem. Phys. 97, 1465 (1992).
46. A. Grossman, W. Erley and H. Ibach, Surf. Sci. 337, 183 (1995).
47. M. Voetz, H. Niehus and J. O'Connor, Surf. Sci. 292, 211 (1993).
48. F. M. Leibsle, Surf. Sci. 297, 98 (1993).
49. C. Klink, L. Olesen and F. Besenbacher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4350 (1993).
50. C. Klink, I. Stensgaard and E. Laengsgaard, Surf. Sci. 342, 250 (1995).
51. D. R. Mullins, D. R. Huntley and S. H. Overbury, Surf. Sci. 323, L287 (1995).
52. N. Memmel, G. Rangelov, E. Bertel and V. Dose, Phys. Rev. B 43, 6938 (1991).
53. J. C. Hamilton and T. Jach, Phys. Rev. Lett. 46, 745 (1981).
54. M. S. Dresselhaus, Nature (London) 292, 196 (1981).
55. A. S. Mosunov, O. P. Ivanenko and M. V. Kuvankin, Vacuum 43, 785 (1992).
56. A. Goursot, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 48, 277 (1993).
57. See, e.g., P. V. Hendriksen, S. Linderoth and P.-A. Lindg̊ard, Phys. Rev. B 48, 7259 (1993).
58. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 5, 5675 (1993); L.-J. Zou, X. G. Gong, Q. Q. Zheng, and C. Y. Pan (unpublished); and references therein.
59. See, e.g., C. Salling, S. Schultz, I. McFadyen and M. Ozaki, IEEE Trans. Magn. 27, 5184 (1991).
60. V. I. Safarov, Micros. Microanal. Microstruct. 5, 381 (1994).
61. M. W. J. Prins, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1207 (1994).
62. M. W. J. Prins, R. H. M. Groeneveld, D. L. Abraham and H. van Kempen, Appl. Phys. Lett.ibid. 66, 1141 (1995).
63. ibid. R. Wiesendanger, Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 247 (1990).
64. R. Wiesendanger, J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 18, 4 (1994).
65. R. Wiesendanger, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34, 3388 (1995).
66. A. L. V. de Parga and S. F. Alvarado, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3726 (1994).
67. E. Betzig, Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 142 (1992).
68. and T. J. Silva, S. Schultz and D. Weller, Appl. Phys. Lett.ibid. 65, 1658 (1994).
69. Y. Martin and H. K. Wickramasinghe, Appl. Phys. Lett. 50, 1455 (1987).
70. D. Sarid, Scanning Force Microscopy with Applications to Electric, Magnetic, and Atomic Forces (Oxford University Press, New York, 1991); P. Grütter, H. J. Mamin, and D. Rugar, in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy, edited by R. Wiesendanger and H.-J. Güntherodt (Springer, New York, 1992), Vol. 2.
71. T. Chang, J.-G. Zhu and J. H. Judy, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 6716 (1993).
72. Y. Luo and J.-G. Zhu, IEEE Trans. Magn. 30, 4080 (1994).
73. N. S. Wei and S. Y. Chou, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 6679 (1994).
74. R. O'Barr, M. Lederman, S. Schultz, W. Xu, A. Scherer and R. J. Tonuci, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 5303 (1996).
75. W. Wernsdorfer, B. Doudin, D. Mailly, K. Hasselbach, A. Benoit, J. Meier, J.-Ph. Ansermet and B. Barbara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1873 (1996).
76. H. Yang, Z. Wang, L. Song, M. Zhao, J. Wang and H. Luo, J. Phys. D 29, 2574 (1996).
77. M. Lederman, G. A. Gibson and S. Schultz, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 6961 (1993).
78. M. Lederman, D. R. Fredkin, R. O'Barr, S. Schultz and M. Ozaki, J. Appl. Phys. 75, 6217 (1994).
79. M. Lederman, S. Schultz and M. Ozaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1986 (1994).
80. W. Wernsdorfer, K. Hasselbach, D. Mailly, B. Barbara, A. Benoit, L. Thomas and G. Suran, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 140-144, 389 (1995).
81. W. Wernsdorfer, K. Hasselbach, D. Mailly, B. Barbara, A. Benoit, L. Thomas and G. Suran, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 145, 33 (1995).
82. W. Wernsdorfer, K. Hasselbach, A. Benoit, G. Cernicchiaro, D. Mailly, B. Barbara and L. Thomas, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 151, 38 (1995).
83. W. Wernsdorfer, K. Hasselbach, A. Sulpice, A. Benoit, J.-E. Wegrove, L. Thomas, B. Barbara and D. Mailly, Phys. Rev. B 53, 3341 (1996).
84. R. M. H. New, R. F. W. Pease and R. L. White, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 13, 1089 (1995); R. M. H. New, Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University, 1995;
85. R. M. H. New, R. F. W. Pease, R. L. White, R. M. Osgood and K. Babcock, J. Appl. Phys. 79, 5851 (1995).
86. For a review, see D. B. Abraham, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, London, 1986), Vol. 10.
87. E. Köster and T. C. Arnoldussen, in Magnetic Recording, edited by C. D. Mee and E. D. Daniel (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1987), Vol. 1, p. 98.
88. S. Mørup, Hyperfine Interact. 90, 171 (1994).
89. U. Nowak, IEEE Trans. Magn. 31, 4169 (1995).
90. N. Metropolis, J. Chem. Phys. 21, 1087 (1953).
91. R. J. Glauber, J. Math. Phys. 4, 294 (1963).
92. M. Suzuki and R. Kubo, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 24, 51 (1968).
93. P. A. Martin, J. Stat. Phys. 16, 149 (1977).
94. A. B. Bortz, M. H. Kalos and J. L. Lebowitz, J. Comput. Phys. 17, 10 (1975).
95. For a discussion on the equivalence of the dynamics produced by these two algorithms, see M. A. Novotny, Comput. Phys. 9, 46 (1995).
96. H. Tomita and S. Miyashita, Phys. Rev. B 46, 8886 (1992).
97. P. A. Rikvold, H. Tomita, S. Miyashita and S. W. Sides, Phys. Rev. E 49, 5080 (1994).
98. For some recent results relevant to the validity of this approximation for systems with conserved order parameter, see B. Krishnamachari, J. McLean, B. Cooper and J. P. Sethna, Phys. Rev. B 54, 8899 (1996).
99. R. A. Ramos, S. W. Sides, P. A. Rikvold, and M. A. Novotny (unpublished).
100. J. S. Langer, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 41, 108 (1967).
101. J. S. Langer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 21, 973 (1968).
102. J. S. Langer, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 54, 258 (1969).
103. N. J. Günther, D. A. Nicole and D. J. Wallace, J. Phys. A 13, 1755 (1980).
104. K. Leung and R. K. P. Zia, J. Phys. A 23, 4593 (1990).
105. K. Binder, Z. Phys. B 43, 119 (1981).
106. K. Binder, Phys. Rev. A 25, 1699 (1982).
107. B. Berg, U. Hansmann and T. Neuhaus, Z. Phys. B 90, 229 (1993).
108. J. Lee, M. A. Novotny and P. A. Rikvold, Phys. Rev. E 52, 359 (1995).
109. I. M. Lifshitz, Sov. Phys. JETP 15, 939 (1962).
110. S. K. Chan, J. Chem. Phys. 67, 5755 (1977).
111. S. M. Allen and J. W. Cahn, Acta Metall. 27, 1085 (1979).
112. J. A. N. Filipe, A. J. Bray and S. Puri, Phys. Rev. E 52, 6082 (1995).
113. A. N. Kolmogorov, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR, Mat. Ser. 1, 355 (1937).
114. W. A. Johnson and P. A. Mehl, Trans. Am. Inst. Mineral Mining Eng. 135, 365 (1939).
115. M. Avrami, J. Chem. Phys. 7, 1103 (1939).
116. M. Avrami, J. Chem. Phys. 8, 212 (1940).
117. M. Avrami, J. Chem. Phys. 9, 177 (1941).
118. R. A. Ramos, P. A. Rikvold, and M. A. Novotny, in Physical Phenomena at High Magnetic Fields, edited by Z. Fisk, L. Gorkov, D. Meltzer, and R. Scrieffer (World Scientific, Singapore, 1995), p. 380.
119. S. W. Sides, R. A. Ramos, P. A. Rikvold, and M. A. Novotny (unpublished).
120. E. Ising, Z. Phys. 31, 253 (1925).
121. T. Young, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 95, 65 (1805).
122. For reviews of wetting phenomena, see S. Dietrich, in Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, edited by C. Domb and J. L. Lebowitz (Academic, London, 1988), Vol. 12.
123. D. B. Abraham, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 1165 (1980).
124. W. Selke, J. Stat. Phys. 56, 609 (1989).
125. J. Lothe and G. M. Pound, J. Chem. Phys. 36, 2080 (1962).