Chemical conversion of subsonic aircraft emissions in the dispersing plume: Calculation of effective emission indices

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 103, Issue D5, 1998, Pages 5759-5772

  Petry, H ^a   Hendricks, J ^a   Mollhoff M ^a   Lippert, E ^a   Meier, A ^a   Ebel, A ^a   Sausen, R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLOGNE   (Germany)

^b GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIRCRAFT; DISPERSION; PLUME; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT;

AIRCRAFT EXHAUST; CHEMICAL SPECIES; OZONE; PLUME DISPERSION;

EID: 0001708287     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97JD03749     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. 3, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 2421-2424, 1992.
2. Beck, J.P., C.E. Reeves, F.A.A.M. de Leeuw, and S. A. Penkett, The effect of aircraft emissions on tropospheric ozone in the northern hemisphere, Atmos. Environ., Part A, 26, 17-29, 1992.
3. xemissions by subsonic aircraft: A three-dimensional model study, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1423-1428, 1996.
4. Brasseur, G.P., R.A. Cox, D. Hauglustaine, I. Isaksen, J. Lelieveld, D.H. Lister, R. Sausen, U. Schumann, A. Wahner, and P. Wiesen, European scientific assessment of the atmospheric effects of aircraft emissions, Atmos. Environ., in press, 1998.
5. Crutzen, P.J., and P.H.C. Brühl, The atmospheric effects of aircraft operations, in Air Traffic and the Environment: Lecture notes in Engineering, vol. 60, edited by U. Schumann, pp. 96-106, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990.
6. x -emissions on tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, II, 3-D model results, Atmos. Environ., in press, 1998.
7. Danilin, Y.M., A. Ebel, H. Elbern, and H. Petry, Evolution of the concentrations of trace species in an aircraft plume: Trajectory studies, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 18,951-18,972, 1994.
8. Danilin, Y.M., J.M. Rodriguez, M.K.W. Ko, O.K. Weisenstein, R.C. Brown, R.C. Miake-Lye, and M.R. Anderson, Aerosol particle evolution in an aircraft wake: Implications for the high-speed civil transport fleet impact on ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21,453-21,463, 1997.
9. Deidewig, F., Schadstoffemissionen ziviler Flugtriebwerke am Beispiel des CFM56-3 und CF6-80C2, DLR IB-325-4-92, 89 pp., DLR Köln-Porz, Köln, Germany, 1992.
10. Derwent, R.G., Two-dimensional model studies of the impact of aircraft exhaust emissions on the tropospheric ozone, Atmos. Environ., 16, 1997-2007, 1982.
11. Dürbeck, T., and T. Gerz, Large-eddy simulation of aircraft exhaust plumes in the free atmosphere: Effective diffusivities and cross - sections, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3203-3206, 1995.
12. Ehhalt, D.H., and F. Rohrer, The impact of commercial aircraft on tropospheric ozone, in The Chemistry of the Atmosphere - Oxidants and Oxidation in the Earth's Atmosphere, edited by A.R. Brandy, Special Publication, No. 170, pp. 105-120, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, U.K., 1995.
13. European Air Pollution Dispersion Model System (EURAD), Das EURAD-Modell: Aufbau und erste Ergebnisse, Mitteilungen, vol. 61, edited by A. Ebel et al., 161 pp., Inst. für Geophys. und Meteorol. der Univ. zu Köln, Köln, Germany, 1989.
14. x emissions from aircraft on ozone in the upper troposphere over Europe and the North Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1401-1422, 1996.
15. Franzkowiak, V., Zur Bedeutung von Flugzeugemissionskatastern für die mesoskalige Modellierung der Schadstoffausbreitung: Sensitivitätsstudien anhand verschiedener Emissionsszenarien, diploma thesis, 185 pp., Univ. of Köln, Köln, Germany, 1995.
16. Friedl, R.R. (Ed.), Atmospheric effects of subsonic aircraft: Interim assessment report of the advanced subsonic technology program, NASA Ref. Publ., 1400, 1997.
17. Hass, H., Description of the EURAD Chemistry-Transport-Model Version 2 (CTM2), Mitteilungen, vol. 83, edited by A. Ebel, F. M. Neubauer, and P. Speth, 100 pp., Inst. für Geophys. und Meteorol. der Univ. zu Köln, Köln, Germany, 1991.
18. Hendricks, J., A. Ebel, E. Lippert, and H. Petry, Model analysis of the chemical conversion of exhaust species in the expanding plumes of subsonic aircraft, in Proceedings of Impact of Aircraft Emissions Upon the Atmosphere, Inernational Colloquium, Paris, 15-18 October 1996, pp. 283-288, Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales (ONERA), Paris, France, 1997.
19. Jonson, J.E., and I.S.A. Isaksen, Effects of aircraft emissions in the northern latitudes, in Environmental Research Programme, Final Report January 1994 - August 1996, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, Weßling, Germany, 1996.
20. Kärcher, B., Aircraft-generated aerosols and visible contrails, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 1933-1936, 1996.
21. x content, Atmos. Environ., 31, 1801-1818, 1997.
22. Konopka, P., Analytical Gaussian solutions for anisotropic diffusion in linear shear flow, J. Non - Equilib. Thermodyn., 20, 78-91, 1995.
23. Lippert, E., Der Einfluß von Flugzeugabgasen auf die Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre: Untersuchungen mit einem mesoskaligen Chemie-Transport-Modell, Mitteilungen, vol. 109, edited by A. Ebel et al., 223 pp., Inst. für Geophys. und Meteorol. der Univ. zu Köln, Köln, Germany, 1996.
24. Madronich, S., Photodissociation in the atmosphere, 1, Actinic flux and the effects of ground reflexions and clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 9740-9752, 1987.
25. Middleton, P., W.R. Stockwell, and W.P.L. Carter, Aggregation of volatile organic compound emissions for regional modelling, Atmos. Environ., 6, 1107-1133, 1990.
26. Möllhoff, M., Modellierung der chemischen Umwandlung reaktiver Flugzeugabgase im Tropopausenbereich unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Dispersion, diploma thesis, 111 pp., Univ. of Köln, Köln, Germany, 1996.
27. Möllhoff, M., J. Hendricks, E. Lippert, H. Petry, and R. Sausen, Model analysis of the chemical conversion of exhaust species in the expanding plumes of subsonic aircraft, in Proceedings of Impact of Aircraft Emissions Upon the Atmosphere, International Colloquium, Paris, 15-18 October 1996, pp. 521-526, Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales (ONERA), Paris, France, 1997.
28. Oran, E.S., and J.P. Boris, Numerical Simulation of Reactive Flow, 601 pp., Elsevier Sci., New York, 1987.
29. Petry, H., H. Elbern, E. Lippert, and R. Meyer, Three dimensional mesoscale simulations of airplane exhaust impact in a flight corridor, in Impact of Emissions from Aircraft and Spacecraft Upon the Atmosphere, Proceedings of an International Scientific Colloquium, edited by U. Schumann and D. Wurzel, DLR-Mitt. 94-06, pp. 329-335, DLR-OP Köln-Porz, Köln, Germany, 1994.
30. Petry, H., A. Ebel, V. Franzkowiak, J. Hendricks, E. Lippert, and M. Möllhof, Impact of aircraft exhaust on the atmosphere: Box model studies and 3-D mesoscale numerical case studies of seasonal differences, in Proceedings of Impact of Aircraft Emissions Upon the Atmosphere, International Colloquium, Paris, 15-18 October 1996, pp. 241-246, Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales (ONERA), Paris, France, 1997.
31. Sausen, R., and I. Köhler, Simulating the global transport of nitrogen oxides emissions from aircraft, Ann. Geophys., 12, 394-402, 1994.
32. Schmitt, A. J., Global inventories of aircraft emissions, in Impact of Emissions from Aircraft and Spacecraft Upon the Atmosphere, Proceedings of an International Scientific Colloquium, edited by U. Schumann and D. Wurzel, DLR-Mitt. 94-06, pp. 65-70, DLR-OP Köln-Porz, Köln, Germany, 1994.
33. Schumann, U., On the effect of emissions from aircraft engines on the state of the atmosphere, Ann. Geophys., 12, 365-384, 1994.
34. Schumann, U., P. Konopka, R. Baumann, R. Busen, T. Gerz, H. Schlager, P. Schulte, and H. Volkert, Estimate of diffusion parameters of aircraft exhaust plumes near the tropopause from nitric oxide and turbulence measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14,147-14,162, 1995.
35. Stockwell, W. R., A homogeneous gas phase mechanism for use in a regional acid deposition model, Atmos. Environ., 20, 1615-1632, 1986.
36. Stockwell, W. R., P. Middleton, J. S. Chang, and X. Tang, The second generation regional acid deposition model chemical mechanism for regional air quality modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,343-16,367, 1990.
37. x Emissions, in Impact of Emissions from Aircraft and Spacecraft Upon the Atmosphere, Proceedings of an International Scientific Colloquium, edited by U. Schumann and D. Wurzel, DLR-Mitt. 94-06, pp. 211-216, DLR-OP Köln-Porz, Köln, Germany, 1994.