Field Detection of Bacillus Spore Aerosols with Stand-Alone Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Field Analytical Chemistry and Technology

Volumn 3, Issue 4-5, 1999, Pages 315-326

  Snyder, A Peter ^a   Maswadeh, Waleed M ^b   Parsons, John A ^b   Tripathi, Ashish ^b   Meuzelaar, Henk L C ^c   Dworzanski, Jacek P ^c   Kim, Man Goo ^c  

^a EDGEWOOD CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

Aerosol concentrator; Bacillus subtilis spores (BG); Biodetection biological aerosols; Field biodetection; Gas chromatography; Ion mobility spectrometry; Outdoor biodetection; Pyrolysis

Indexed keywords

BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); POSIBACTERIA;

EID: 0001695374     PISSN: 1086900X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6521(1999)3:4/5<315::aid-fact10>3.0.co;2-2     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Anthrax hoax quarantines Los Angeles nightclub. The Sun, Baltimore, MD, December 28, 1998.
2. Lethal bacteria reported at cult compound. The Sun (morning edition), Baltimore, MD, March 29, 1995.
3. Iraq finally admits building biological weapon arsenal. Jane's Defence Weekly, June 15, 1995, p 16.
4. Iraq was poised to use biological arms in 1991. Chem Eng News, September 4, 1995, p 7.
5. Chemical and biological warfare unmasked. The Wall Street Journal, November 2, 1995.
6. Zilinskas RA. Iraq's biological weapons. J Am Med Assoc 1997;78: 418-424.
7. Carus WS. Biological warfare threats in perspective. Crit Rev Microbiol 1998;24:149-155.
8. Barton R. The application of the UNSCOM experience to international biological arms control. Crit Rev Microbiol 1998;24:219-233.
9. Lethal bacteria reported at cult compound. The Sun (morning edition), Baltimore, MD, March 29, 1995.
10. Christopher GW, Ciesiak TJ, Pavlin JA, Eitzen EM Jr. Biological warfare, a historical perspective. J Am Med Assoc 1997;278:412-417.
11. Birch DM, Shane S. Anthrax arms tied to 2 men. The Sun. Baltimore, MD, February 20, 1998.
12. FBI says arrests were necessary even though anthrax was safe. The Sun, Baltimore, MD, February 22, 1998.
13. Anthrax call deemed hoax after 2 courts quarantined. The Sun, Baltimore, MD, December 22, 1998.
14. Kadlec RP, Zelicoff AP, Vrtis AM. Biological weapons control, prospects and implications for the future. J Am Med Assoc 1997;278:351-356.
15. Task force to examine violence directed at abortion providers. The Sun, Baltimore, MD, November 6, 1998.
16. Alleged anthrax letter sent to Catholic parish. The Sun, Baltimore, MD, November 10, 1998.
17. Cole LA. The specter of biological weapons. Sci Am 1996:275:60-65.
18. Tucker JB. National health and medical services response to incidents of chemical and biological terrorism. J Am Med Assoc 1997;278:362-368.
19. Reno posts $500,000 reward in slaying of N.Y. doctor. The Sun, Baltimore, MD, November 10, 1998.
20. Scott WB. Lidar system to detect biological warfare agents. Aviat Week Space Technol, November 13, 1995, p 44.
21. Gatto-Menking DL, Yu H, Bruno JG, Goode MT, Miller M, Zulich AW. Sensitive detection of biotoxoids and bacterial spores using an immunomagnetic electrochemiluminscence sensor. Biosensors Bioelectron 1995;10:501-507.
22. Army pushes biological weapon defense. Defence News, September 12-18, 1994, p 26.
23. Malatesta ML, Mack DF, Harbor L. BIDS-identifying BW agents on the battlefield. CML Army Chem Rev, July 1995, p 21-23.
24. Karasek FW. The plasma chromatograph. Res Dev 1970;21:34-37.
25. Cohen MJ, Karasek FW. Plasma chromatography™ - A new dimension for gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 1970;8:330-337.
26. St. Louis RH, Hill HH Jr. Ion mobility spectrometry in analytical chemistry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 1990;21:321-355.
27. Eiceman GA. Advances in ion mobility spectrometry: 1980-1990. Crit Rev Anal Chem 1991;22:471-490.
28. Eiceman GA, Karpas Z, editors. Ion mobility spectrometry. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1994.
29. Snyder AP, Harden CS, Brittain AH, Kim MG, Arnold NS, Meuzelaar HLC. Portable hand-held gas chromatography/ion mobility spectrometry device. Anal Chem 1993;65:299-306.
30. Dworzanski JP, Kim MG, Snyder AP, Arnold NS, Meuzelaar HLC. Performance advances in ion mobility spectrometry through combination with high speed vapor sampling, preconcentration and separation techniques. Anal Chim Acta 1994;293:219-235.
31. Snyder AP, Harden CS, Brittain AH, Kim MG, Arnold NS, Meuzelaar HLC. Portable hand-held gas chromatography/ion mobility spectrometer. Am Lab 1992;24:32B-32H.
32. Meuzelaar HLC, Kim MG, Arnold NS, Kalousek PS, Snyder AP. Hand-portable gas chromatography/ion mobility spectrometry; the "poor man's" CB detection system?. In: Proceedings of the ARO 1991 Workshop on Spectrometry and Spectroscopy for Biologicals, Cashiers, NC; 1991. p 38-48.
33. Thornton SN, Dworzanski JP, Meuzelaar HLC, Maswadeh WM, Snyder AP. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/ion mobility spectrometry detection of dipicolinic acid biomarker in Bacillus subtilis spores during field bioaerosol releases. In: Proceedings of the 1997 Field Analytical Methods for Hazardous Waste and Toxic Chemicals, Las Vegas, NV; 1997. p 802-811.
34. Thornton SN. Chemical markers in bacterial spores and potential background aerosols by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/ion mobility spectrometry. Ph.D. thesis, University of Utah; 1999.
35. Snyder AP, Thornton SN, Dworzanski JP, Meuzelaar HLC. Detection of the picolinic acid biomarker in Bacillus spores using a potentially field-portable pyrolysis-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry system. Field Anal Chem Technol 1996;1:49-58.
36. Dworzanski JP, McClennen WH, Cole PA, Thornton SN, Meuzelaar HLC, Arnold NS, Snyder AP. Field-portable, automated pyrolysis-GC/IMS system for rapid biomarker detection in aerosols: A feasibility study. Field Anal Chem Technol 1997;1:295-305.
37. Breed RS, Murray EGD, Smith NR, editors. Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology (7th ed.). Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Company; 1957. p 618-620.
38. Gould GW, Hurst A, Eds. The bacterial spore. New York: Academic Press; 1969.
39. Bowers MT, Ed. Gas phase ion chemistry, New York: Academic Press; 1979. vol 2.
40. Bartmess JE. Gas-phase equilibrium affinity scales and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Mass Spectrom Rev, 1989:8:297-343.