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note
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B. Preston and W. Folkner have attempted to detect the probe signal from Earth using the Very Large Array (VLA). Because of the small effective isotropic radiated power of the probe, the extremely poor viewing geometry, and the large distance to Jupiter, the signal-to-noise ratio is very low; therefore, the results of the VLA observations are still pending. A positive result would provide a near line-of-sight projection of the zonal winds and offer a geometrically favorable means of measuring the winds in the upper atmosphere.
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note
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-1.
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thesis, Washington State University
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D. Atkinson, thesis, Washington State University (1989); J. B. Pollack, D. H. Atkinson, A. Seiff, J. Anderson, Space Sci. Rev. 60, 143 (1992).
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(1989)
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Atkinson, D.1
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D. Atkinson, thesis, Washington State University (1989); J. B. Pollack, D. H. Atkinson, A. Seiff, J. Anderson, Space Sci. Rev. 60, 143 (1992).
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Pollack, J.B.1
Atkinson, D.H.2
Seiff, A.3
Anderson, J.4
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14
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note
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The probe and orbiter trajectories are based on the Galileo navigation team OD105 (orbit determination number 105) and OD108 solutions, respectively. The OD105 probe entry and descent trajectory includes the 53-s delay in probe parachute deployment and is based on descent through the nominal, quiescent atmosphere. OD108 includes Doppler tracking of the orbiter from 21 November 1995 to 30 January 1996 for purposes of reconstructing the lo flyby.
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note
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-10, corresponding to an absolute drift in frequency of 2.4 Hz with an uncertainty of 0.13 Hz in 30 min.
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4243098195
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thesis, University of Idaho
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S. B. Engstrom, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); Y. Wei, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-2267 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, December 1982); V. Joshi, IDC Ref. HS373-3732 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, July 1985); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-1474 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, April 1980); J. Neff, JPL D-1038, Rev. C (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 1994); Doc. HS373-2293 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, 1981).
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(1995)
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Engstrom, S.B.1
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17
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thesis, University of Idaho
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S. B. Engstrom, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); Y. Wei, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-2267 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, December 1982); V. Joshi, IDC Ref. HS373-3732 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, July 1985); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-1474 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, April 1980); J. Neff, JPL D-1038, Rev. C (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 1994); Doc. HS373-2293 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, 1981).
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(1995)
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Wei, Y.1
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18
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4243068409
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Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, December
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S. B. Engstrom, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); Y. Wei, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-2267 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, December 1982); V. Joshi, IDC Ref. HS373-3732 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, July 1985); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-1474 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, April 1980); J. Neff, JPL D-1038, Rev. C (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 1994); Doc. HS373-2293 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, 1981).
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(1982)
IDC Ref. HS373-2267
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Garriga, P.C.1
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19
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Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, July
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S. B. Engstrom, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); Y. Wei, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-2267 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, December 1982); V. Joshi, IDC Ref. HS373-3732 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, July 1985); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-1474 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, April 1980); J. Neff, JPL D-1038, Rev. C (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 1994); Doc. HS373-2293 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, 1981).
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(1985)
IDC Ref. HS373-3732
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Joshi, V.1
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20
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4243081923
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Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, April
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S. B. Engstrom, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); Y. Wei, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-2267 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, December 1982); V. Joshi, IDC Ref. HS373-3732 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, July 1985); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-1474 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, April 1980); J. Neff, JPL D-1038, Rev. C (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 1994); Doc. HS373-2293 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, 1981).
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(1980)
IDC Ref. HS373-1474
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Garriga, P.C.1
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21
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4243079684
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Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA
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S. B. Engstrom, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); Y. Wei, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-2267 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, December 1982); V. Joshi, IDC Ref. HS373-3732 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, July 1985); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-1474 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, April 1980); J. Neff, JPL D-1038, Rev. C (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 1994); Doc. HS373-2293 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, 1981).
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(1994)
JPL D-1038, Rev. C
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Neff, J.1
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22
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4243189148
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Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA
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S. B. Engstrom, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); Y. Wei, thesis, University of Idaho (1995); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-2267 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, December 1982); V. Joshi, IDC Ref. HS373-3732 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, July 1985); P. C. Garriga, IDC Ref. HS373-1474 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, April 1980); J. Neff, JPL D-1038, Rev. C (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 1994); Doc. HS373-2293 (Hughes Aircraft, El Segundo, CA, 1981).
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(1981)
Doc. HS373-2293
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24
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0001306113
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G. Hunt, Nature 280, 778 (1979); S. Limaye et al., Icarus 65, 335 (1986).
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Nature
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0001069240
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G. Hunt, Nature 280, 778 (1979); S. Limaye et al., Icarus 65, 335 (1986).
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(1986)
Icarus
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F. H. Busse, Icarus 29, 255 (1976); A. P. Ingersoll and D. Pollard, ibid. 52, 62 (1982).
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P. J. Gierasch, ibid. 29, 445 (1976); Science 219, 847 (1983).
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P. J. Gierasch, ibid. 29, 445 (1976); Science 219, 847 (1983).
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personal communication
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R. Woo, personal communication.
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Woo, R.1
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note
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We thank the Galileo project offices at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Ames Research Center for support, especially the radio science support team and the navigation team. Special thanks also go to probe project manager M. Smith and the probe engineer C. Sobeck. Y. Wei worked on the software for the data analysis and wind retrieval, and S. Engstrom analyzed the stability of the probe USO. We acknowledge the important contributions of Dr. James B. Pollack, with whom we collaborated on the Doppler wind experiment from 1981 until his death in 1994. He will be missed as a valuable colleague and a friend. Finally, we would like to thank the three referees, who provided many helpful comments. This work was supported by NASA grant NAG2-961.
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