메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 46, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 727-747

Arenas without rules and the policy change process: Outsider groups and British roads policy

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0001660761     PISSN: 00323217     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9248.00164     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (56)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 85033897005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • This article forms part of a research project on Policy Communities and Policy Networks Over Time: British Transport Policy 1945-95, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (Reference Number R00023482801). The authors would like to thank civil servants, ministers, and group officials who agreed to be interviewed, and the Editor and two anonymous referees for their valuable comments on earlier drafts.
  • 2
    • 84948495377 scopus 로고
    • The british policy style or the logic of negotiation?
    • J. J. Richardson (ed.), London, Allen and Unwin
    • E.g. A. G. Jordan and J. J. Richardson, 'The British Policy Style or the Logic of Negotiation?' in J. J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982), pp. 80-110, W. Grant, Pressure Group Politics and Democracy in Britain (Hemel Hempstead Philip Allan, 1989); and J. J. Richardson, 'Interest Group Behaviour in Britain: Continuity and Change' in J. J. Richardson (ed.), Pressure Groups (Oxford, University Press, 1993), pp. 86-99.
    • (1982) Policy Styles in Western Europe , pp. 80-110
    • Jordan, A.G.1    Richardson, J.J.2
  • 3
    • 0003679940 scopus 로고
    • Hemel Hempstead Philip Allan
    • E.g. A. G. Jordan and J. J. Richardson, 'The British Policy Style or the Logic of Negotiation?' in J. J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982), pp. 80-110, W. Grant, Pressure Group Politics and Democracy in Britain (Hemel Hempstead Philip Allan, 1989); and J. J. Richardson, 'Interest Group Behaviour in Britain: Continuity and Change' in J. J. Richardson (ed.), Pressure Groups (Oxford, University Press, 1993), pp. 86-99.
    • (1989) Pressure Group Politics and Democracy in Britain
    • Grant, W.1
  • 4
    • 0040605068 scopus 로고
    • Interest group behaviour in Britain: Continuity and change
    • J. J. Richardson (ed.), Oxford, University Press
    • E.g. A. G. Jordan and J. J. Richardson, 'The British Policy Style or the Logic of Negotiation?' in J. J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982), pp. 80-110, W. Grant, Pressure Group Politics and Democracy in Britain (Hemel Hempstead Philip Allan, 1989); and J. J. Richardson, 'Interest Group Behaviour in Britain: Continuity and Change' in J. J. Richardson (ed.), Pressure Groups (Oxford, University Press, 1993), pp. 86-99.
    • (1993) Pressure Groups , pp. 86-99
    • Richardson, J.J.1
  • 6
    • 0002973155 scopus 로고
    • Policy networks in british politics. A critique of existing approaches
    • D. Marsh and R. A. W. Rhodes (eds), Oxford, Clarendon
    • R. A. W. Rhodes and D. Marsh, 'Policy Networks in British Politics. A Critique of Existing Approaches' in D. Marsh and R. A. W. Rhodes (eds), Policy Networks in British Government (Oxford, Clarendon, 1992), pp. 12-13.
    • (1992) Policy Networks in British Government , pp. 12-13
    • Rhodes, R.A.W.1    Marsh, D.2
  • 7
    • 0003578886 scopus 로고
    • Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf
    • M. J. Smith, Pressure. Power and Policy (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993), p. 72.
    • (1993) Pressure. Power and Policy , pp. 72
    • Smith, M.J.1
  • 8
    • 84981583866 scopus 로고
    • Model or metaphor? a critical review of the policy network approach
    • K. Dowding, 'Model or metaphor? A critical review of the policy network approach', Political Studies, 43 (1995), 136-58.
    • (1995) Political Studies , vol.43 , pp. 136-158
    • Dowding, K.1
  • 9
    • 21344458115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Smith, Pressure, Power and Policy and G. F. Dudley and J. J. Richards, 'Why does policy change over time? Adversarial policy communities, alternative policy arenas, and British trunk roads policy 1945-1995', Journal of European Public Policy, 3 (1996), 63-83.
    • Pressure, Power and Policy
    • Smith1
  • 10
    • 21344458115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why does policy change over time? Adversarial policy communities, alternative policy arenas, and british trunk roads policy 1945-1995
    • See Smith, Pressure, Power and Policy and G. F. Dudley and J. J. Richards, 'Why does policy change over time? Adversarial policy communities, alternative policy arenas, and British trunk roads policy 1945-1995', Journal of European Public Policy, 3 (1996), 63-83.
    • (1996) Journal of European Public Policy , vol.3 , pp. 63-83
    • Dudley, G.F.1    Richards, J.J.2
  • 11
    • 0002574583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy-making in the EU: Interests, ideas and garbage cans of primeval soup
    • J. Richardson (ed.), London, Routledge
    • See J. J. Richardson, 'Policy-Making in the EU: Interests, Ideas and Garbage Cans of Primeval Soup' in J. Richardson (ed.), European Union Power and Policy-Making (London, Routledge, 1996), pp. 23-32.
    • (1996) European Union Power and Policy-making , pp. 23-32
    • Richardson, J.J.1
  • 12
    • 84980160845 scopus 로고
    • Transport interests and the road lobby
    • S. E. Finer, 'Transport interests and the road lobby', Political Quarterly, (1958), 47-58.
    • (1958) Political Quarterly , pp. 47-58
    • Finer, S.E.1
  • 14
    • 0002946809 scopus 로고
    • Issue networks and the executive establishment
    • A. King, (ed.), Washington DC, American Enterprise Institute
    • H. Heclo, 'Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment' in A. King, (ed.), The New American Political System (Washington DC, American Enterprise Institute, 1978), pp. 87-124.
    • (1978) The New American Political System , pp. 87-124
    • Heclo, H.1
  • 17
    • 0003109726 scopus 로고
    • Frame-reflective policy discourse
    • P. Wagner, C. H. Weiss, B. Wittrock and H. Wollman (eds), Cambridge, University Press
    • M. Rein and D. A. Schön, 'Frame-Reflective Policy Discourse' in P. Wagner, C. H. Weiss, B. Wittrock and H. Wollman (eds), Social Sciences Modern States, National Experiences and Theoretical Crossroads (Cambridge, University Press, 1991), pp. 262-89.
    • (1991) Social Sciences Modern States, National Experiences and Theoretical Crossroads , pp. 262-289
    • Rein, M.1    Schön, D.A.2
  • 19
    • 0003582595 scopus 로고
    • Washington DC, The Brookings Institution
    • As Weaver and Rockman argue, specific institutional arrangements are insufficient to guarantee a high or low level of a specific capability, but they may exacerbate failures of government or help to make society more manageable. R. K. Weaver and B. A. Rockman, Do Institutions matter? (Washington DC, The Brookings Institution, 1993), p. 446.
    • (1993) Do Institutions Matter? , pp. 446
    • Weaver, R.K.1    Rockman, B.A.2
  • 20
    • 85055297421 scopus 로고
    • Policy paradigms, social learning and the state: The case of economic policy-making in Britain
    • P. A. Hall, 'Policy paradigms, social learning and the state: the case of economic policy-making in Britain', Comparative Politics, 25 (1993), 288-9.
    • (1993) Comparative Politics , vol.25 , pp. 288-289
    • Hall, P.A.1
  • 25
    • 0002521458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy change over a decade or more
    • P. A. Sabatier and H. C. Jenkins-Smith (eds) Boulder CO, Westview
    • P. A. Sabatier, 'Policy Change Over a Decade or More' in P. A. Sabatier and H. C. Jenkins-Smith (eds), Policy Change and Learning: an Advocacy Coalition Approach (Boulder CO, Westview, 1993), pp. 33-4.
    • (1993) Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach , pp. 33-34
    • Sabatier, P.A.1
  • 28
    • 85033896167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Directive 85/337.
  • 29
    • 0041199121 scopus 로고
    • The minister's line: Or the M4 comes to berkshire
    • R. Kimber and J. J. Richardson (eds) London Routledge and Kegan Paul
    • R. Gregory, 'The Minister's Line: or the M4 Comes to Berkshire' in R. Kimber and J. J. Richardson (eds), Campaigning for the Environment (London Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974), p. 104.
    • (1974) Campaigning for the Environment , pp. 104
    • Gregory, R.1
  • 31
    • 84979368074 scopus 로고
    • Highway inquiries: A study in governmental responsiveness
    • P. H. Levin, 'Highway inquiries: a study in governmental responsiveness', Public Administration, 57 (1979), p. 22.
    • (1979) Public Administration , vol.57 , pp. 22
    • Levin, P.H.1
  • 34
    • 0040011941 scopus 로고
    • Governmental responses to budget scarcity
    • A. King, 'Governmental responses to budget scarcity', Policy Studies Journal, 113 (1985), 479-93.
    • (1985) Policy Studies Journal , vol.113 , pp. 479-493
    • King, A.1
  • 37
    • 0040605066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advocacy coalitions, policy entrepreneurs, and policy change
    • forthcoming
    • M. Mintrom and S. Vergari, 'Advocacy coalitions, policy entrepreneurs, and policy change', Policy Studies Journal (1997) (forthcoming).
    • (1997) Policy Studies Journal
    • Mintrom, M.1    Vergari, S.2
  • 40
    • 0004256001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Tyme, Motorways, Versus Democracy, pp. 14-30 and Levin, 'Highway inquiries: a study in governmental responsiveness', p. 21.
    • Motorways, Versus Democracy , pp. 14-30
    • Tyme1
  • 44
    • 0030268623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promiscuous and celibate ministerial styles: Policy change, policy networks and british roads policy
    • See G. F. Dudley and J. J. Richardson, 'Promiscuous and celibate ministerial styles: policy change, policy networks and British roads policy', Parliamentary Affairs, 49 (1996), 566-83.
    • (1996) Parliamentary Affairs , vol.49 , pp. 566-583
    • Dudley, G.F.1    Richardson, J.J.2
  • 45
    • 85033887974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview 10 May 1995
    • Interview 10 May 1995.
  • 46
    • 85033897548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H. C. Deb., written answers C 384-8
    • H. C. Deb., written answers C 384-8.
  • 48
    • 85033888693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview 25 July 1995
    • Interview 25 July 1995.
  • 49
    • 0006764578 scopus 로고
    • Cmnd. 6836, London, HMSO
    • Cmnd. 6836, Transport Policy (London, HMSO, 1977).
    • (1977) Transport Policy
  • 50
    • 37648999011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cmnd. 6836
    • Cmnd. 6836, Transport Policy, para. 246.
    • Transport Policy , pp. 246
  • 52
    • 21944432880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The advocacy coalition framework: An assessment
    • P. A. Sabatier (ed.), forthcoming
    • P. A. Sabatier and H. C. Jenkins-Smith, 'The Advocacy Coalition Framework: an Assessment' in P. A. Sabatier (ed.), Theories of the Policy Process (Boulder CO, Westview 1998, forthcoming). See also P. A. Sabatier, 'The advocacy framework: revisions and the relevance for Europe', Journal of European Public Policy, 5, 1 (1998), 98-130.
    • (1998) Theories of the Policy Process Boulder Co, Westview
    • Sabatier, P.A.1    Jenkins-Smith, H.C.2
  • 53
    • 21944432880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The advocacy framework: Revisions and the relevance for Europe
    • P. A. Sabatier and H. C. Jenkins-Smith, 'The Advocacy Coalition Framework: an Assessment' in P. A. Sabatier (ed.), Theories of the Policy Process (Boulder CO, Westview 1998, forthcoming). See also P. A. Sabatier, 'The advocacy framework: revisions and the relevance for Europe', Journal of European Public Policy, 5, 1 (1998), 98-130.
    • (1998) Journal of European Public Policy , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 98-130
    • Sabatier, P.A.1
  • 55
    • 0004131195 scopus 로고
    • Cmnd. 693, London, HMSO
    • Cmnd. 693, Roads for Prosperity (London, HMSO, 1989).
    • (1989) Roads for Prosperity
  • 62
    • 0028858424 scopus 로고
    • The market for political activism: Interest groups as a challenge to political parties
    • J. J. Richardson, 'The market for political activism: interest groups as a challenge to political parties', West European Politics, 18, (1995), 116-39.
    • (1995) West European Politics , vol.18 , pp. 116-139
    • Richardson, J.J.1
  • 64
    • 85033877582 scopus 로고
    • 07 December
    • Contact Journal, 07 December 1995.
    • (1995) Contact Journal
  • 65
    • 0003888420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 10 July
    • The Economist, 10 July 1996.
    • (1996) The Economist
  • 66
    • 0042110806 scopus 로고
    • 16 October
    • Observer, 16 October 1994.
    • (1994) Observer
  • 67
    • 0003913556 scopus 로고
    • 08 December
    • Financial Times, 08 December 1994.
    • (1994) Financial Times
  • 69
    • 84973989982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E.g. see Grant, Pressure Groups, Politics and Democracy in Britain, pp. 14-21 and W. A. Maloney, A. G. Jordan and A. M. McLaughlin, 'Interest groups and public policy. The insider/ outsider model revisited', Journal of Public Policy, 14 (1994), 17-38.
    • Pressure Groups, Politics and Democracy in Britain , pp. 14-21
    • Grant1
  • 70
    • 84973989982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interest groups and public policy. The insider/ outsider model revisited
    • E.g. see Grant, Pressure Groups, Politics and Democracy in Britain, pp. 14-21 and W. A. Maloney, A. G. Jordan and A. M. McLaughlin, 'Interest groups and public policy. The insider/ outsider model revisited', Journal of Public Policy, 14 (1994), 17-38.
    • (1994) Journal of Public Policy , vol.14 , pp. 17-38
    • Maloney, W.A.1    Jordan, A.G.2    McLaughlin, A.M.3
  • 71
    • 85033875329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview, 24 October 1995
    • Interview, 24 October 1995.
  • 72
    • 85033890846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interview, 12 October 1995
    • Interview, 12 October 1995.
  • 74
  • 78
    • 0004082283 scopus 로고
    • Cmnd. 2674, Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, Eighteenth Report, London, HMSO
    • Cmnd. 2674, Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution, Eighteenth Report, Transport and the Environment (London, HMSO, 1994).
    • (1994) Transport and the Environment
  • 80
    • 0011036781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E.g. UK Round Table on Sustainable Development, London, Department of the Environment
    • E.g. UK Round Table on Sustainable Development, Defining a Sustainable Transport Sector (London, Department of the Environment, 1996), paras 30-5.
    • (1996) Defining a Sustainable Transport Sector , pp. 30-35


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.