Scanning visual mental images: A window on the mind

Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 409-465

  Denis, Michel ^a   Kosslyn, Stephen M ^b,c  

^a CNRS   (France)

^b HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001652692     PISSN: 02499185     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Aguirre, G. K., & D'Esposito, M. (1997). Environmental knowledge is subserved by separable dorsal/ventral neural areas. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 2512-2518.
2. Andersen, R. A. (1987). Inferior parietal lobule function in spatial perception and visuomotor integration. In F. Plum & V. B. Mountcastle (Eds.), Handbook of physiology, Section 1: The nervous system, Volume 5: Higher functions of the brain (pp. 483-518). Bethesda, MD: American Physiological Society.
3. Anderson, J. R., & Bower, G. H. (1973). Human associative memory. Washington, DC: Winston.
4. Basso, A., Bisiach, E., & Luzzatti, C. (1980). Loss of mental imagery: A case study. Neuropsychologia, 18, 435-442.
5. Beech, J. R. (1979). Scanning visual images: Implications for the representation of space. Perception, 8, 621-628.
6. Beech, J. R., & Allport, D. A. (1978). Visualization of compound scenes. Perception, 7, 129-136.
7. Behrmann, M., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. (1992). Dissociation between mental imagery and object recognition in a brain-damaged patient. Nature, 359, 636-637.
8. Boring, E. G. (1950). A history of experimental psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
9. Byrne, R. W. (1979). Memory for urban geography. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 31, 147-154.
10. Charlot, V., Tzourio, N., Zilbovicius, M., Mazoyer, B., & Denis, M. (1992). Different mental imagery abilities result in different regional cerebral blood flow activation patterns during cognitive tasks. Neuropsychologia, 30, 565-580.
11. De Beni, R., & Cornoldi, C. (1985). Effects of the mnemotechnique of loci in the memorization of concrete words. Acta Psychologica, 60, 11-24.
12. De Beni, R., & Cornoldi, C. (1988). Imagery limitations in totally congenitally blind subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 14, 650-655.
13. Denis, M. (1982). Imaging while reading text: A study of individual differences. Memory and Cognition, 10, 540-545.
14. Denis, M. (1991a). Image and cognition. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
15. Denis, M. (1991b). Cognitive and metacognitive approaches to visual imagery. Scientific Contributions to General Psychology, No. 6, 7-18.
16. Denis, M. (1996). Imagery and the description of spatial configurations. In M. de Vega, M. J. Intons-Peterson, P. N. Johnson-Laird, M. Denis, & M. Marschark, Models of visuospatial cognition (pp. 128-197). New York: Oxford University Press.
17. Denis, M., & Carfantan, M. (1985). People's knowledge about images. Cognition, 20, 49-60.
18. Denis, M., & Carfantan, M. (1986). What people know about visual images: A metacognitive approach to imagery. In D. G. Russell, D. F. Marks, & J. T. E. Richardson (Eds.), Imagery 2 (pp. 27-32). Dunedin, New Zealand: Human Performance Associates.
19. Denis, M., & Carfantan, M. (1990). Enhancing people's knowledge about images. In P. J. Hampson, D. F. Marks, & J. T. E. Richardson (Eds.), Imagery: Current developments (pp. 197-222). London: Routledge.
20. Denis, M., & Cocude, M. (1989). Scanning visual images generated from verbal descriptions. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 1, 293-307.
21. Denis, M., & Cocude, M. (1992). Structural properties of visual images constructed from poorly or well-structured verbal descriptions. Memory and Cognition, 20, 497-506.
22. Denis, M., & Cocude, M. (1997). On the metric properties of visual images generated from verbal descriptions: Evidence for the robustness of the mental scanning effect. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 9, 353-379.
23. Denis, M., & Denhière, G. (1990). Comprehension and recall of spatial descriptions. European Bulletin of Cognitive Psychology, 10, 115-143.
24. Denis, M., Gonçalves, M.-R., & Memmi, D. (1995). Mental scanning of visual images generated from verbal descriptions: Towards a model of image accuracy. Neuropsychologia, 33, 1511-1530.
25. Denis, M., & Zimmer, H. D. (1992). Analog properties of cognitive maps constructed from verbal descriptions. Psychological Research, 54, 286-298.
26. Dror, I. E., & Kosslyn, S. M. (1994). Mental imagery and aging. Psychology and Aging, 9, 90-102.
27. Dror, I. E., Kosslyn, S. M., & Waag, W. L. (1993). Visual-spatial abilities of pilots. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 763-773.
28. Ehrlich, K., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1982). Spatial descriptions and referential continuity. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 21, 296-306.
29. Farah, M. J. (1984). The neurological basis of mental imagery: A componential analysis. Cognition, 18, 245-272.
30. Farah, M. J. (1995). Current issues in the neuropsychology of image generation. Neuropsychologia, 33, 1455-1471.
31. Farah, M. J., Hammond, K. M., Levine, D. N., & Calvanio, R. (1988). Visual and spatial mental imagery: Dissociable systems of representation. Cognitive Psychology, 20, 439-462.
32. Farah, M. J., Levine, D. N., & Calvanio, R. (1988). A case study of mental imagery deficit. Brain and Cognition, 8, 147-164.
33. Farah, M. J., Weisberg, L. L., Monheit, M., & Péronnet, F. (1989). Brain activity underlying mental imagery: Event-related potentials during mental image generation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1, 302-316.
34. Finke, R. A. (1980). Levels of equivalence in imagery and perception. Psychological Review, 87, 113-132.
35. Finke, R. A. (1985). Theories relating mental imagery to perception. Psychological Bulletin, 98, 236-259.
36. Finke, R. A., & Pinker, S. (1982). Spontaneous imagery scanning in mental extrapolation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 8, 142-147.
37. Finke, R. A., & Pinker, S. (1983). Directional scanning of remembered visual patterns. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 9, 398-410.
38. Fletcher, P. C., Frith, C. D., Baker, S. C., Shallice, T., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Dolan, R. J. (1995). The mind's eye - Precuneus activation in memory-related imagery. NeuroImage, 2, 195-200.
39. Galton, F. (1883). Inquiries into human faculty and its development. London: Macmillan.
40. Ghaëm, O., Mellet, E., Crivello, F., Tzourio, N., Mazoyer, B., Berthoz, A., & Denis, M. (1997). Mental navigation along memorized routes activates the hippocampus, precuneus, and insula. NeuroReport, 8, 739-744.
41. Ghaëm, O., Mellet, E., Tzourio, N., Bricogne, S., Etard, O., Tirel, O., Mazoyer, B., Berthoz, A., & Denis, M. (1998). Mental navigation in an environment learned from its map: A PET study. Neurolmage, 7, S115. (Abstract.)
42. Goldenberg, G., Podreka, I., Steiner, M., Willmes, K., Suess, E., & Deecke, L. (1989). Regional cerebral blood flow patterns in visual imagery. Neuropsychologia, 27, 641-664.
43. Goldston, D. B., Hinrichs, J. V., & Richman, C. L. (1985). Subjects' expectations, individual variability, and the scanning of mental images. Memory and Cognition, 13, 365-370.
44. Guaraglia, C., Padovani, A., Pantano, P., & Pizzamiglio, L. (1993). Unilateral neglect restricted to visual imagery. Nature, 364, 235-237.
45. Haxby, J. V., Grady, C. L., Horwitz, B., Ungerleider, L. G., Mishkin, M., Carson, R. E., Herscovitch, P., Shapiro, M. B., & Rapoport, S. I. (1991). Dissociation of object and spatial visual processing pathways in human extrastriate cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88, 1621-1625.
46. Intons-Peterson, M. J. (1983). Imagery paradigms: How vulnerable are they to experimenters' expectations? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 9, 394-412.
47. Intons-Peterson, M. J., & Roskos-Ewoldsen, B. B. (1989). Sensory-perceptual qualities of images. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 15, 188-199.
48. Jolicoeur, P., & Kosslyn, S. M. (1985). Is time to scan visual images due to demand characteristics? Memory and Cognition, 13, 320-332.
49. Kosslyn, S. M. (1973). Scanning visual images: Some structural implications. Perception and Psychophysics, 14, 90-94.
50. Kosslyn, S. M. (1978). Measuring the visual angle of the mind's eye. Cognitive Psychology, 10, 356-389.
51. Kosslyn, S. M. (1980). Image and mind. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
52. Kosslyn, S. M. (1981). The medium and the message in mental imagery: A theory. Psychological Review, 88, 46-66.
53. Kosslyn, S. M. (1994). Image and brain: The resolution of the imagery debate. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
54. Kosslyn, S. M., Alpert, N. M., Thompson, W. L., Maljkovic, V., Weise, S. B., Chabris, C. F., Hamilton, S. E., Rauch, S. L., & Buonanno, F. S. (1993). Visual mental imagery activates topographically organized visual cortex: PET investigations. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 5, 263-287.
55. Kosslyn, S. M., Ball, T. M., & Reiser, B. J. (1978). Visual images preserve metric spatial information: Evidence from studies of image scanning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 4, 47-60.
56. Kosslyn, S. M., Brunn, J., Cave, K. R., & Wallach, R. W. (1984). Individual differences in mental imagery: A computational analysis. Cognition, 18, 195-243.
57. Kosslyn, S. M., Margolis, J. A., Barrett, A. M., Goldknopf, E. J., & Daly, P. F. (1990). Age differences in imagery abilities. Child Development, 61, 995-1010.
58. Kosslyn, S. M., Pinker, S., Smith, G. E., & Shwartz, S. P. (1979). On the demystification of mental imagery. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2, 535-581.
59. Kosslyn, S. M., & Pomerantz, J. R. (1977). Imagery, propositions, and the form of internal representations. Cognitive Psychology, 9, 52-76.
60. Kosslyn, S. M., Reiser, B. J., Farah, M. J., & Fliegel, S. L. (1983). Generating visual images: Units and relations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 112, 278-303.
61. Kosslyn, S. M., Sukel, K. E., & Bly, B. M. (1999). Squinting with the mind's eye: Effects of stimulus resolution on imaginai and perceptual comparisons. Memory and Cognition, 27, 276-287.
62. Lea, G. (1975). Chronometric analysis of the method of loci. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1, 95-104.
63. Levine, D. N., Warach, J., & Farah, M. (1985). Two visual systems in mental imagery: A dissociation of "what" and "where" in imagery disorders due to bilateral posterior cerebral lesions. Neurology, 35, 1010-1018.
64. Likert, R., & Quasha, W. H. (1941). Revised Minnesota Paper Form Board (Series AA). New York: The Psychological Corporation.
65. Maguire, E. A., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Frith, C. D. (1996). Learning to find your way: A role for the human hippocampal formation. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B 263, 1745-1750.
66. Mani, K., & Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1982). The mental representation of spatial descriptions. Memory and Cognition, 10, 181-187.
67. Marks, D. F. (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 17-24.
68. McKelvie, S. J. (1995). The VVIQ as a psychometric test of individual differences in visual imagery vividness: A critical quantitative review and plea for direction. Journal of Mental Imagery, 19 (3-4), 1-106.
69. Mellet, E., Tzourio, N., Crivello, F., Joliot, M., Denis, M., & Mazoyer, B. (1996). Functional anatomy of spatial mental imagery generated from verbal instructions. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 6504-6512.
70. Mellet, E., Tzourio, N., Denis, M., & Mazoyer, B. (1995). A positron emission tomography study of visual and mental spatial exploration. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 7, 433-445.
71. Mitchell, D. B., & Richman, C. L. (1980). Confirmed reservations: Mental travel. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 6, 58-66.
72. Moar, I., & Bower, G. H. (1983). Inconsistency in spatial knowledge. Memory and Cognition, 11, 107-113.
73. Morris, R. G., & Morton, N. (1995). Not knowing which way to turn: A specific image transformation impairment dissociated from working memory functioning. In R. Campbell & M. A. Conway (Eds.), Broken memories: Case studies in memory impairment (pp. 170-194). Oxford: Blackwell.
74. Morton, N., & Morris, R. G. (1995). Image transformation dissociated from visuo-spatial working memory. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 12, 767-791.
75. Orne, M. T. (1969). Demand characteristics and the concept of quasi-controls. In R. Rosenthal & R. L. Rosnow (Eds.), Artifact in behavioral research. New York: Academic Press.
76. Paivio, A., & Harshman, R. (1983). Factor analysis of a questionnaire on imagery and verbal habits and skills. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 37, 461-483.
77. Petit, L., Orssaud, C., Tzourio, N., Crivello, F., Berthoz, A., & Mazoyer, B. (1996). Functional anatomy of a prelearned sequence of horizontal saccades in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 3714-3728.
78. Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1966). L'image mentale chez l'enfant. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
79. Pinker, S. (1980). Mental imagery and the third dimension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 109, 354-371.
80. Pinker, S., Choate, P. A., & Finke, R. A. (1984). Mental extrapolation in patterns constructed from memory. Memory and Cognition, 12, 207-218.
81. Pinker, S., & Finke, R. A. (1980). Emergent two-dimensional patterns in images rotated in depth. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 6, 244-264.
82. Pinker, S., & Kosslyn, S. M. (1978). The representation and manipulation of three-dimensional space in mental images. Journal of Mental Imagery, 2, 69-83.
83. Poltrock, S. E., & Brown, P. (1984). Individual differences in visual imagery and spatial ability. Intelligence, 8, 93-138.
84. Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1973). What the mind's eye tells the mind's brain: A critique of mental imagery. Psychological Bulletin, 80, 1-24.
85. Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1979). The rate of "mental rotation" of images: A test of a holistic analogue hypothesis. Memory and Cognition, 7, 19-28.
86. Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1981). The imagery debate: Analogue media versus tacit knowledge. Psychological Review, 88, 16-45.
87. Reed, S. K., Hock, H. S., & Lockhead, G. R. (1983). Tacit knowledge and the effect of pattern configuration on mental scanning. Memory and Cognition, 11, 137-143.
88. Richman, C. L., Mitchell, D. B., & Reznick, J. S. (1979). Mental travel: Some reservations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 5, 13-18.
89. Thompson, W. L., & Kosslyn, S. M. (in press). Neural systems activated during visual mental imagery: A review and meta-analysis. In J. C. Mazziotta & A. W. Toga (Eds.), Brain mapping II. New York: Academic Press.
90. Ungerleider, L. G., & Mishkin, M. (1982). Two cortical visual systems. In D. J. Ingle, M. A. Goodale, & R. J. W. Mansfield (Eds.), Analysis of visual behavior (pp. 549-586). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
91. Vandenberg, S. G., & Kuse, A. R. (1978). Mental Rotations, a group test of three-dimensional spatial visualization. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 47, 599-604.
92. Wilton, R. N. (1978). Explaining imaginal inference by operations in a propositional format. Perception, 7, 563-574.