Migration theories and evidence: An assessment

Journal of Economic Surveys

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 159-198

  Ghatak, Subrata ^a   Levine, Paul ^b   Price, Stephen Wheatley ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SURREY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Employment subsidies; Harris todaro; Migration

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001643165     PISSN: 09500804     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6419.1996.tb00008.x     Document Type: Article

References (215)

1. Abbott, M. G. and Beach, Ch. M. (1992) Immigrant Earnings Differentials In Canada: A More General Specification Of Age And Experience Effects, Empirical Economies, 17, 221-38.
2. Abowd, J. M. and Freeman, R. B. (eds.) (1991) Immigration, Trade And The Labor Market, A NBER Project Report, University Of Chicago Press: Chicago And London.
3. Adams, R. H. Jr. (1993) 'The Economic And Demographic Determinants Of International Migration In Rural Egypt, Journal Of Development Studies, 30, 1, 146-67.
4. Altonji, J. G. and Card, D. (1991) The Effects Of Immigration On the Labor Market Outcomes Of Less-Skilled Natives, in Abowd and Freeman (1991) 210-234.
5. Antolin, P. and Bover, O. (1993) Regional Migration In Spain: The Effect Of Personal Characteristics And Of Unemployment, Wage And House Price Differentials Using Pooled Cross-Sections, Documento de Trabajo n.°9318, Servicio De Estudios, Banco De Espana.
6. Attanasio, O. P. and Padoa Schioppa, F. (1991) Regional Inequalities, Migration And Mismatch In Italy, 1960-86, in Padoa Schioppa (1991), 237-320.
7. Bailey, A. J. (1993) Migration History, Migration Behaviour And Selectivity', The Annals Of Regional Science, 27, 315-26.
8. Baker, M. and Benjamin, D. (1994) 'The Performance Of Immigrants In The Canadian Labor Market', Journal Of Labor Economics, 12, 3, 369-405.
9. Banerjee, B. (1983) The Role Of The Informal Sector In The Migration Process: A Test Of Probabilistic Migration Models And Labour Market Segmentation For India', Oxford Economic Papers, 35, 399-422.
10. Banerjee, B. (1984) Information Flow, Expectations And Job Search: Rural To-Urban Migration Process In India, Journal Of Development Economics, 15, 239-57.
11. Banerjee, B. (1991) The Determinants Of Migrating With A Pre-Arranged Job And Of Initial Duration Of Urban Unemployment: An Analysis Based On Indian Data On Rural-To-Urban Migrants, Journal Of Development Economics, 36, 337-51.
12. Banerjee, B. and Bucci, G. A. (1994) On-The-Job Search After Entering Urban Employment: An Analysis Based On Indian Migrants, Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 56, 1, 33-47.
13. Banerjee, B and Kanbur, S. M. R. (1981) On The Specification And Estimation Of Macro Rural-Urban Migration Functions: With An Application To Indian Data, Oxford Bulletin of Economics And Statistics, 43, 1, 7-29.
14. Bardhan, P. K., (1979) Labor Supply Functions In A Poor Agrarian Economy, American Economic Review, 69, 501-14.
15. Barnum, H. N. and Sabot, R. H. (1977) Education, Employment Probabilities And Rural-Urban Migration In Tanzania, Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 39, 2, 109-26.
16. Barro, R. J. and Sala-i-Martin, X. (1992) Regional Growth And Migration: A Japan - United States Comparison, Journal Of The Japanese And International Economies, 6, 312-46.
17. Bartlett, W. (1983) On The Dynamic Instability Of Induced Migration Unemployment In A Dual Economy, Journal Of Development Economics, 13, 85-95.
18. Begg, D. and Portes, R. (1992) Eastern Germany Since Unification: Wage Subsidies Reamin A Better Way, Discussion Paper No. 730, CEPR: London.
19. Beggs, J. J. and Chapman, B. J. (1988) Immigrant Wage Adjustment In Australia: Cross-Section And Time-Series Estimates, Economic Record, 64, 186, 161-67.
20. Beggs, J. J. and Chapman, B. J. (1990) Search Efficiency, Skill Transferability And Immigrant Relative Unemployment Rates In Australia, Applied Economics, 22, 249-60.
21. Beggs, J. J. and Chapman, B. J. (1991) Male Immigrant Wage And Unemployment Experience In Australia, in Abowd and Freeman (1991), 369-84.
22. Bentolila, S. and Dolado, J. J. (1991) Mismatch And Internal Migration In Spain, 1982-86, in Padoa-Schioppa (1991), 182-234.
23. Berger, M. C. and Gabriel, P. E. (1991) Risk Aversion And The Earnings Of US Immigrants And Natives, Applied Economics, 23, 311-18.
24. Berry, A. and Sabot, R. (1984) Unemployment And Economic Development, Economic Development And Cultural Change, 33, 99-116.
25. Bhagwati, J and Srinivasan, T. N. (1974) On Re-Analysing The Harris-Todaro Model: Policy Ranking In The Case Of Sector Specific Sticky Wages, American Economic Review, 64, 502-08.
26. Bhattacharya, P. C. (1991) Rural-Urban Migration In A Dynamic Model Of LDC, Discussion Paper no. 11: Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland.
27. Bhattacharya, P. C. (1993) Rural-Urban Migration In Economic Development, Journal Of Economic Surveys, 7, 3, 243-81.
28. Bhattacharya, P. C. and Doig, S. F. (1992) Rural-Urban Migration In India: The Influence Of Caste, Discussion Paper no. 18: Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland.
29. Bloom, D. E. and Gunderson, M. (1991) An Analysis Of The Earnings Of Canadian Immigrants, in Abowd and Freeman (1991), 321-42.
30. Bohning, W. R. and Schloeter-Paredes, M-L. (eds.), (1994) Aid In Place Of Migration?, ILO, Geneva.
31. Borjas, G. J. (1985) Assimilation, Changes In Cohort Quality, And The Earnings Of Immigrants, Journal Of Labor Economics, 3, 4, 463-89.
32. Borjas, G. J. (1986) Self-Employment Experience Of Immigrants, Journal Of Human Resources, 21, 4, 485-506.
33. Borjas, G. J. (1987a) Immigrants, Minorities, And Labor Market Competition, Industrial And Labor Relations Review, 40, 3, 382-92.
34. Borjas, G. J. (1987b) Self-Selection And The Earnings Of Immigrants, American Economic Review, 77, 4, 531-53.
35. Borjas, G. J. (1989) Immigrant And Emigrant Earnings: A Longitudinal Study, Economic Inquiry, 27, 21-37.
36. Borjas, G. J. (1990a) Friends Or Strangers: The Impact Of Immigrants On The US Economy, Basic Books, N.Y.
37. Borjas, G. J. (1990b) Self-Selection And The Earnings Of Immigrants: A Reply, American Economic Review, 80, 305-08.
38. Borjas, G. J. (1991a) Immigration And Self-Selection, in Abowd and Freeman (1991), 27-96.
39. Borjas, G. J. (1991b) Immigrants In The US Labor Market: 1940-80, American Economic Review, 81, 2, 287-91.
40. Borjas, G. J. (1992a) Ethnic Capital And Intergenerational Mobility, The Quarterly Journal Of Economics, 107, 1 pp. 123-50.
41. Borjas, G. J. (1992b) National Origin And The Skills Of Immigrants In the Postwar Period, in Borjas and Freeman (1992), 18-47.
42. Borjas, G. J. (1993a) The Intergenerational Mobility Of Immigrants, The Journal Of Labor Economics, 11, 1, 113-35.
43. Borjas, G. J. (1993b) The Impact Of Immigrants On Employment Opportunities Of Natives, The Changing Course Of International Migration: OECD.
44. Borjas, G. J., Bronars, S. G. and Trejo, S. J., (1992a) Assimilation And The Earnings Of Young Internal Migrants, The Review Of Economics And Statistics, 74, 1, 170-5.
45. Borjas, G. J., Bronars, S. G. and Trejo, S. J., (1992b) Self-Selection And Internal Migration In The United States, Journal Of Urban Economics, 32, 159-85.
46. Borjas, G. J. and Freeman, R. B. (eds.) (1992) Immigration And The Workforce: Economic Consequences For The United States And Source Areas, A NBER Project Report, University Of Chicago Press: Chicago And London.
47. Borjas, G. J., Freeman, R. B. and Katz, L. F. (1992) 'On The Labor Market Effects Of Immigration And Trade, in Borjas and Freeman (1992), 213-44.
48. Borjas, G. J. And Tienda, M. (1987) The Economic Consequences Of Immigration, Science, 235, 645-51, 6th Feb.
49. Borjas, G. J. And Tienda, M. (1993) The Employment And Wages Of Legalized Immigrants, International Migration Review, 27, 4, 712-47.
50. Borjas, G. J. and Trejo, S. J., (1991) Immigrant Participation In The Welfare State, Industrial And Labor Relations Review, 44, 2, 195-211.
51. Borjas, G. J. and Trejo, S. J., (1993) National Origin And Immigrant Welfare Recipiency, Journal Of Public Economics, 50, 325-44.
52. Brecher, A. and Choudhri, E. U. (1987) International Migration Versus Foreign Investment In The Presence Of Unemployment, Journal of International Economics, 23, 329-42.
53. Burda, M. C. (1993a) Unemployment, Labour Markets And Structural Change In Eastern Europe, Economic Policy, 16, 102-37.
54. Burda, M. C. (1993b) The Determinants Of East-West German Migration, European Economic Review, 37, 452-61.
55. Burda, M. and Funke, M. (1992) Trade Unions, Wages And Structural Adjustment In The New German States, Discussion Paper No. 10-92, CEPR: London.
56. Burda, M. and Wyplosz, C. (1991) Human Capital Investment And Migration In An Integrated Europe, Discussion Paper No. 614, CEPR: London.
57. Butcher, K. F. and Card, D. (1991) Immigration And Wages: Evidence From The 1980's, American Economic Review, 81, 2, s292-s6.
58. Carraro, C and Soubeyran, A. (1991) The Demand For Migration Under Perfect Wage Discrimination, Paper Presented To The Workshop On The Economics Of Migration, November 1991, CEPR: London.
59. Cebula, R. J. (1981) Money Illusion' And Migration Decisions: An International Comparison Of The United States And Canadian Experiences, Regional Studies, 15, 4, 241-6.
60. Cebula, R. J. (1993) The Impact Of Living Costs On Geographic Mobility, The Quarterly Review Of Economics And Finance, 33, 1, 101-5.
61. Charney, A. H. (1993) Migration And The Public Sector: A Survey, Regional Studies, 27, 4, 313-26.
62. Chiswick, B. R. (1978) The Effect Of Americanisation On The Earnings Of Foreign-Bom Men, Journal Of Political Economy, 86, 5, 897-921.
63. Chiswick, B. R. (1986) Human Capital And The Labor Market Adjustment Of Immigrants: Testing Alternative Hypotheses, Research In Human Capital And Development, 4, 1-26.
64. Chiswick, C. U., Chiswick, B. R. and Karras, G. (1992) The Impact Of Immigrants On The Macroeconomy, Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series On Public Policy, 37, 279-316.
65. Clark, D. E. and Cosgrove, J. C. (1991) Amenities Versus Labor Market Opportunities: Choosing The Optimal Distance To Move, Journal Of Regional Science, 31, 3, 311-28.
66. Clark, H. R. and Ng, Y-K. (1993) Immigration And Economic Welfare: Resource And Environmental Aspects, The Economic Record, 69, 206, 259-73.
67. Cole, W. E. and Sanders, R. D. (1985) 'Internal Migration And Urbanization In The Third World, American Economic Review, 75, 481-93.
68. Coleman, D. A. (1992) Does Europe Need Immigrants? Population And Work Force Projections, International Migration Review, 26, 2, 413-61.
69. Connell, J. et al (1976), Migration from Rural Areas, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
70. Corden, W. M. (1974), Trade Policy and Economic Welfare, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
71. Corden, M. and Findlay, R. (1975) Urban Unemployment, Inter-Sectoral Capital Mobility And Development Policy, Economica, 42, 59-78.
72. Coulson, R.G. and Devoretz, D.J. (1993) Human Capital Content Of Canadian Immigrants: 1967-1987, Canadian Public Policy, 19, 4, 357-66.
73. Daneshvary, N. et al (1992) Job Search And Immigrant Assimilation: An Earnings Frontier Approach, Review Of Economics And Statistics, 74, 3, 488-92.
74. DaVanzo, J. (1978) Does Unemployment Affect Migration? Evidence From Micro Data, Review Of Economics And Statistics, 60, 504-14.
75. DaVanzo, J. (1983) Repeat Migration In The United States: Who Moves Back And Who Moves On?, Review Of Economics And Statistics, 65, 552-59.
76. DaVanzo, J. et al (eds.) (1980), Quantitative Studies of Mortality decline in the Developing World, World Bank: Washington D.C.
77. Davies, J. B. and Wooton, I (1992) Income Inequality And International Migration, The Economic Journal, 102, 413, 789-802.
78. Diez-Canedo, J. R. (1991),'The Effect Of Policy Restrictions On Capital And Labour Flows In Mexico, in Abowd and Freeman (1991), 101-19.
79. Dixit, A. (1992) Investment And Hysteresis, Journal Of Economic Perspectives, 6, 1, 107-32.
80. Dolado, J., Goria, A. and Ichino, A. (1993) Immigration And Growth In The Host Country, Documento de Trabajo n.° 9309, Servicio De Estudios, Banco De Espana.
81. Eichengreen, B. (1993) Labour Markets And European Monetary Unification, in Masson, P. R. and Taylor, M. P. (eds.), Policy Issues In The Operation Of Currency Unions, Cambridge University Press.
82. Emerson, R. D. (1989) Migratory Labor And Agriculture, American Journal Of Agricultural Economics, 71, 617-29.
83. Enchautegui, M. E. (1993) The Value Of U.S. Labor Market Experience In The Home Country: The Case Of Puerto Rican Return Migrants, Economic Development And Cultural Change, 42, 1, 169-191.
84. Ethier, E. J. (1985) International Trade Theory And International Migration, American Economic Review, 75, 4, 691-707.
85. Faini, R. and Venturini, A. (1993) Trade, Aid And Migrations: Some Basic Policy Issues, European Economic Review, 37, 435-42.
86. Fell, J. P. C. (1989) Growth, Migration And Causality: A Comment On Tests For Macroeconomic Feedback From Large-Scale Migration Based On The Irish Experience, 1948-1987, The Economic And Social Review, 20, 3, 267-273.
87. Fields, G. (1975) Rural-Urban Migration, Urban Unemployment And Job Search Activities In LDC's, Journal Of Development Economics, 2, 165-87.
88. Filer, R. K. (1992) The Effect Of Immigrant Arrivals On Migratory Patterns Of Native Workers, in Borjas and Freeman (1992), 245-269.
89. Franz, W. (1991) International Migratory Movements: The German Experience, University Of Konstanz, Germany, mimeo.
90. Freeman, R. B. (1993) Immigration From Poor To Wealthy Countries: Experience Of The United States, European Economic Review, 37, 443-51.
91. Punkhouser, E. (1992) Mass Emigration, Remittances, And Economic Adjustment: The Case Of El Salvador In The 1980's, in Borjas and Freeman (1992), 135-75.
92. Gabriel, S. A., Shack-Marquez, J. and Wascher W. L. (1992) Regional House-Price Dispersion And Interregional Migration, Journal Of Housing Economics, 2, 235-56.
93. Gazioglu, S. (1993) Measurement Of Intergenerational Occupational And Income Mobility: Turkish And Bangladeshi Immigrants In The London Boroughs, Discussion Paper 93-13, University Of Aberdeen.
94. Gazioglu, S . (1994a) A Simple Markov Model For Intergenerational Income Mobility: Some British Results, University Of Aberdeen, mimeo.
95. Gazioglu, S. (1994b) Assimilation: Compensating Differences And Job Disamenities By Using Life-cycle Adjusted Income, International Review Of Applied Economics, 8, 2, 157-173.
96. Gehrig, A., Schmidt, C. M. and Zimmermann, K. F. (1992) Mass Migrations, Unions And Fiscal Migration Policy, Discussion Paper No. 727, CEPR: London.
97. Ghatak, S. (1991) Development Economics: A Survey, British Review Of Economic Issues, 13, 1-60.
98. Ghatak, S. and Levine, P. L. (1994) A Note On Migration With Borrowing Constraints, Scandinavian Journal Of Development, December, pp. 19-38.
99. Glytsos, N. P. (1977) Determinants Of Wage And Price Changes In Less Developed Countries, Journal Of Development Economics, 4, 315-42.
100. Glytsos, N. P. (1993) Measuring The Income Effects Of Migrant Remittances: A Methodological Approach Applied To Greece, Economic Development And Cultural Change, 42, 1, 131-68.
101. Gordon, I. and Thirlwall, A. P. (eds.) (1989), European Factor Mobility: Trends And Consequences, Macmillan.
102. Goss, E. and Paul, C. (1990) The Impact Of Unemployment Insurance Benefits On The Probability Of Being Unemployed, Journal Of Regional Science, 30, 3, 349-58.
103. Greenwood, M. J. and McDowell, J. M. (1991) Differential Economic Opportunity, Transferability Of Skills, And Immigration To The United States And Canada, Review Of Economics And Statistics, 73, 612-23.
104. Hamermesh, D. S. (1987) The Demand For Labour In The Long Run, in Handbook Of Labour Economics, 3, 4, 463-89.
105. Hamilton, B. and Whalley, J. (1984) Efficiency And Distributional Implications Of Global Restrictions On Labour Mobility, Journal Of Development Economics, 14, 61-75.
106. Harris, J. R. and Todaro, M. P. (1970) Migration, Unemployment And Development: A Two-Sector Analysis, American Economic Review, 60, 126-42.
107. Hay, M. J. (1980) A Structural Equations Model Of Migration In Tunisia, Economic Development And Cultural Change, 28, 2, 345-58.
108. Hazari, B. R. (1993) An Analysis Of The Impact Of Outmigration On Unemployment, Welfare And Structural Change, Graduate School Of Management Working Papers No. 9302, Deakin University, Canada.
109. Heckman, J. J. (1979) Sample Selection Bias As A Specification Error, Econometrica, 47, 1, 153-61.
110. Herzog, H. W. Jr., Schlottmann, A. M. and Boehm, T. B. (1993) Migration As Spatial Job-Search: A Survey Of Empirical Findings, Regional Studies, 27, 4, 327-40.
111. Ichino, A. (1993) The Economic Impact Of Immigration On The Host Country, in Luciani, G. (ed.), Migration Policies In Europe And The United States, Dordrecht and Norwell, Mass.: Kluwer Academic.
112. Inglis, P. A. and Stromback, T. (1986) Migrants' Unemployment: The Determinants Of Employment Success, Economic Record, 62, 178, 310-24.
113. Jasso, G. and Rosenzweig, M. R. (1990) Self-Selection And The Earnings Of Immigrants: Comment, American Economic Review, 80, 298-304.
114. Johnson, P. and Zimmermann, K. F. (eds.) (1993a) Labour Markets In An Ageing Europe, Cambridge University Press.
115. Johnson, P. and Zimmermann, K. F. (1993b) Ageing And The European Labour Market: Public Policy Issues, in Johnson and Zimmermann (1993a), 1-25.
116. Kanbur, S. M. R. (1981) Short-Run Growth Effects In A Model Of Costly Migration With Borrowing Constraints: Will Rural Development Work?, in Currie, D. et al (eds.), Microeconomic Analysis, Croom Helm: London.
117. Kannapan, S. (1985) Urban Employment And The Labour Market In Developing Nations, Economic Development And Cultural Change, 33, 669-730.
118. Katseli, L. T. and Glytsos N. P. (1989) Theoretical And Empirical Determinants Of International Labour Mobility: A Greek-German Perspective, in Gordon and Thirlwall (1989), 95-115.
119. Kee, P. (1994) Native-Immigrant Employment Differentials In The Netherlands: The Role Of Assimilation And Discrimination, International Review Of Applied Economics, 8, 2, 174-96.
120. Knight, J. B. (1972) Rural-Urban Migration Comparisons And Migration In Ghana, Oxford Bulletin Of Economics And Statistics, 34, 199-228.
121. Kuhn, P. and Wooton, I. (1991) Immigration, International Trade, And The Wages Of Native Workers, in Abowd and Freeman (1991), 285-304.
122. Kumcu, M. E. (1989) The Savings Behavior Of Migrant Workers: Turkish Workers In W. Germany, Journal Of Development Economics, 30, 273-76.
123. Kwok, V. and Leland, H. (1982) An Economic Model Of Brain Drain, American Economic Review, 72, 1, 91-100.
124. Lalonde, R. J. and Topel, R. H. (1991) Immigrants In The American Labor Market: Quality, Assimilation And Distributional Effects, American Economic Review, 81, 2, 297-302.
125. Lalonde, R. J. and Topel, R. H. (1992) The Assimilation Of Immigrants In The US Labor Market, in Borjas and Freeman (1992), 67-92.
126. Lam, K-C. (1989) Imperfect Information, Specificity Of Schooling And Rate Of Return Migration, Economics Letters, 21, 283-9.
127. Layard, R., Blanchard, O. Dornbusch, R. and Krugman P. (1992), East-West Migration: The Alternatives, MIT Press: Cambridge, MA and London.
128. Levine, P. L. (1993) The Welfare Economics Of Rural To Urban Migration: The Harris-Todaro Model Revisited, Department of Economics Discussion Paper No.93/17, University of Leicester.
129. Levy, M. and Wadycki, W. (1973) The Influence Of Family And Friends On Geographic Labour Mobility: An International Comparison, Review Of Economics And Statistics, 55, 2, 198-203.
130. Levy, M. and Wadycki, W. (1974) Education And The Decision To Migrate: An Econometric Analysis Of Migration In Venezuela, Econometrica, 46, 377-88.
131. Lewis, W. A. (1954) Economic Development With Unlimited Supplies Of Labour, Manchester School Of Economic And Social Studiesl, 22, 139-91.
132. Licht, G. and Steiner, V. (1994) Assimilation, Labour Market Experience And Earnings Profiles Of Temporary And Permanent Immigrant Workers In Germany, International Review Of Applied Economics, 8, 2, 130-56.
133. Lucas, R. E. B. (1985) Migration From Botswana, Economic Journal, 95, 358-82.
134. Lucas, R. E. Jr. (1988) On The Mechanics Of Economic Development, Journal Of Monetary Economics, 22, 3-42.
135. Lucey, B. M. (1989) Tests For Macroeconomic Feedback From Large-Scale Migration Based On The Irish Experience, 1948-1987: A Comment, The Economic And Social Review, 20, 3, 274-7.
136. Maddala, G. S. (1983) Limited-Dependent And Qualitative Variables In Econometrics, Cambridge University Press.
137. Massey, D. S. and Liang, Z. (1989) The Long Term Consequences Of A Temporary Worker Program: The US Bracero Experience, Population Research And Policy Review, 8, 199-226.
138. McDowell, J. M. and Singell, L. D. (1993) An Assessment Of The Human Capital Content Of International Migrants: An Application To US Immigration, Regional Studies, 27, 4, 351-63.
139. McFadden, D. (1974) Conditional Logit Analysis Of Qualitative Choice Behaviour, in Zarembka, P. (ed.), Frontiers In Econometrics, New York: Academic Press.
140. McHone, W. W. and Rungeling, B. (1993) Replacement Income, Duration Of Unemployment And The Migration Of Unemployed Prime Age Males, Applied Economics, 25, 905-9.
141. Merkle, L. and Zimmermann K. F. (1992) Savings, Remittances, And Return Migration, Economics Letters, 38, 77-81.
142. Milne, W. J. (1993) Macroeconomic Influences On Migration, Regional Studies, 27, 4, 365-73.
143. Molle, W. T. M., de Koning, J. and Zandvliet, C.T. (1994) Can Foreign Aid Reduce East-West Migration In Europe, With Particular Reference To Poland?, in Bohning and Schloeter-Paredes (1994), 39-72.
144. Molle, W. T. M. and van Mourik, A. (1988) International Movements Of Labour Under Conditions Of Economic Integration: The Case Of Western Europe, Journal Of Common Market Studies, 26, 3, 317-39.
145. Molle, W. T. M. and van Mourik, A. (1989) A Static Explanatory Model Of International Labour Migration To And In Western Europe, in Gordon and Thirlwall (1989), 30-52.
146. Morrison, A. R. (1993a) Violence Or Economics: What Drives Internal Migration In Guatemala?, Economic Development And Cultural Change, 41, 4, 816-31.
147. Morrison, A. R. (1993b) Unproductive Migration Reconsidered: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Framework For Analyzing Internal Migration, Oxford Economic Papers, 45, 501-18.
148. Mueser, P. R. (1989) Measuring The Impact Of Locational Characteristics On Migration: Interpreting Cross-Sectional Analyses, Demography, 26, 3, 499-513.
149. Muhleisen, M. and Zimmermann, K. F. (1994) A Panel Analysis Of Job Changes And Unemployment, European Economic Review, 38, 793-801.
150. Mundlak, Y. (1979) Intersectoral Factor Mobility And Agricultural Growth, International Food Policy Research Institute.
151. Nakosteen, R. A. and Zimmer, M. (1980) Migration And Income: The Question Of Self-Selection, Southern Economic Journal, 46, 840-851.
152. Nakosteen, R. A. and Zimmer, M. A. (1992) Migration, Age, And Earnings: The Special Case Of Employee Transfers, Applied Economics, 24, 791-802.
153. Neary, J. P. (1981) On The Harris-Todaro Model With Inter-Sectoral Capital Mobility, Economica, 48, 219-234.
154. Padoa-Schioppa, F. (ed.) (1991) Mismatch And Labour Mobility, Cambridge University Press and CEPR.
155. Papola, T. S. (1981), Urban Informal Sector In A Developing Economy, Vikas Publishing: New Delhi.
156. Pesino, C. (1991) Sequential Migration Theory And Evidence From Peru, Journal Of Development Economics, 36, 55-87.
157. Pindyck, R. S. (1991) Irreversibility, Uncertainty And Investment, Journal Of Economic Literature, 29, 1110-48.
158. Piore, M. J. (1979) Birds Of Passage: Migrant Labor And Industrial Societies, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
159. Pissarides, C. A. and McMaster, I. (1990) Regional Migration, Wages And Unemployment: Empirical Evidence And Implications For Policy, Oxford Economic Papers, 42, 812-31.
160. Pissarides, C. A. and Wadsworth, J. (1989) Unemployment And The Inter-Regional Mobility Of Labour, The Economic Journal, 99, 739-55.
161. Pope, D. and Withers, G. (1990) Do Migrants Rob Jobs From Locals? Lessons From Australian History, Working Papers In Economic History, 133, Australian National University.
162. Raffelhuschen, B. (1992) Labor Migration In Europe: Experience From Germany After Unification, European Economic Review, 36, 1453-71.
163. Ramos, F. A. (1992) Out-Migration And Return Migration Of Puerto Ricans, in Borjas and Freeman (1992), 49-66.
164. Ranis, G. (1994) International Migration And Foreign Assistance: The Case Of The Philippines, in Bohning and Schloeter-Paredes (1994), 177-201.
165. Rosenzweig, M. R. and Wolpin, K. I. (1985) Specific Experience, Household Structure And The Intergenerational Transfers: Farm Family Land And Labor Arrangements In Developing Countries, Quarterly Journal Of Economics, 100, 961-88.
166. Rosenzweig, M. R. and Wolpin, K. L. (1988) Migration Selectivity And The Effects Of Public Programs, Journal Of Public Economics, 37, 265-289.
167. Roumasset, J. A. (1976) Rice And Risk: Decision Making Among Low Income Farmers, North Holland: Amsterdam.
168. Roy, A. D. (1951) Some Thoughts On The Distribution Of Earnings, Oxford Economic Papers, 3, 135-46.
169. Russell, S. S. (1992) Migrant Remittances And Development, International Migration, 30, 314, 267-87.
170. Ryan, J. G. and Ghodake, R. D. (1984) Labor Market Behavior In Rural Villages In South India: Effects Of Season, Sex And Socio-Economic Status, in Binswanger, H. P. et al (ed.), Contractual Arrangements, Employment And Wages In Rural South Asia, Yale University Press; New Haven, CT.
171. Sabot, R. (ed.) (1982), Migration And The Labour Market In Developing Countries, Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado.
172. Santiago, C. E. (1993) The Migratory Impact Of Minimum Wage Legislation: Puerto Rico, 1970-1987, International Migration Review, 27, 4, 772-95.
173. Sassen, S. (1988) The Mobility Of Labor And Capital: A Study In International Investment And Labor Flow, Cambridge University Press.
174. Schmidt, C. M. (1993a) The Earnings Dynamics Of Immigrant Labour, Discussion Paper No. 763: CEPR: London.
175. Schmidt, C. M. (1993b) Ageing And Unemployment, in Johnson and Zimmermann (1993a), 216-54.
176. Schuh, G. E. (1982) Outmigration, Rural Productivity And Distribution Of Income in Sabot (1982).
177. Schultz, T. P. (1988) Heterogeneous Preferences And Migration: Self-Selection, Regional Prices And Programs, And The Behaviour Of Migrants In Columbia, Research In Population Economics, 6, 163-81.
178. Schwartz, A. (1976) Migration, Age And Education, Journal Of Political Economy, 84, 701-20.
179. Shields, G. M. and Shields, M. P. (1989) The Emergence Of Migration Theory And A Suggested New Direction, Journal Of Economic Surveys, 3, 4, 277-304.
180. Shields, G. M. and Shields, M. P. (1993) A Theoretical And Empirical Analysis Of Family Migration And Household Production: U.S. 1980-1985, Southern Economic Journal, 59, 4, 768-82.
181. Shukla, V. and Stark, O. (1990) Policy Comparisons With An Agglomeration Effects-Augmented Dual Economy Model, Journal Of Urban Economics, 27, 1, 1-15.
182. Simon, J. L. (1989) The Economic Consequences Of Immigration, Basil Blackwell.
183. Simon, J. L. and Heins, A. J. (1985) The Effect Of Immigrants' On Natives' Incomes Through The Use Of Capital, Journal Of Development Economics, 17, 75-93.
184. Sinclair, S. W. (1978) Urbanisation And Labour Markets Ih Developing Countries, Croom Helm: London.
185. Smolny, W. (1991) Macroeconomic Consequences Of International Labour Migration: Simulation Experience From An Econometric Disequilibrium Model, in Vosgerau, H.J. (ed.), European Integration In The World Economy, Springer: Berlin, 376-412.
186. Squire, L. (1981) Employment Policies In Developing Countries: A Survey Of Issues And Evidence, Oxford University Press: Oxford.
187. Stark, O. (1991) The Migration Of Labor, Cambridge, Mass.: Basil Blackwell.
188. Steinbeck, A. (1994) The Transferability Of Human Capital: Some Empirical Evidence For West Germany, International Review Of Applied Economics, 8, 2, 197-226.
189. Straubhaar, T. (1988) International Labour Migration Within A Common Market: Some Aspects Of EC Experience, Journal Of Common Market Studies, 27, 1, 45-62.
190. Straubhaar, T. (1992) Allocational And Distributional Aspects Of Future Immigration To Western Europe, International Migration Review, 26, 2, 462-483.
191. Straubhaar, T. (1993) Migration Pressure, International Migration, 31, 1, 5-38.
192. Straubhaar, T. and Weber, R. (1994) On The Economics Of Immigration: Some Empirical Evidence For Switzerland, International Review Of Applied Economics, 8, 2, 107-29.
193. Straubhaar, T. and Zimmermann, K. F. (1992) Towards A European Migration Policy, Discussion Paper No. 641, CEPR: London.
194. Taylor, J. E. (1992a) Remittances And Inequality Reconsidered: Direct, Indirect And Intertemporal Effects, Journal Of Policy Modelling, 14, 2, 187-208.
195. Taylor, J. E. (1992b) Earnings And Mobility Of Legal And Illegal Immigrant Workers In Agriculture, American Journal Of Agricultural Economics, 74, 4, 889-96.
196. Thoams, J. J. (1992) Informal Sector Activity, LSE Handbooks In Economics, Ann Arbor: University Of Michigan Press.
197. Todaro, M. P. (1976), Internal Migration And Economic Development: A Review of Theory, Evidence, Methodology And Research Priorities, ILO: Geneva.
198. Topel, R. H. (1994) Regional Labor Markets And The Determinants Of Wage Inequality, American Economic Review, 84, 2, 17-22.
199. Treyz, G. I. et al (1993) 'The Dynamics Of U.S. Internal Migration, Review Of Economics And Statistics, 75, 2, 209-14.
200. Vijverberg, W. P. M. (1993) Labour Market Performance As A Determinant Of Migration, Economica, 60, 143-60.
201. Walsh, B. M. (1989a) Tests For Macroeconomic Feedback From Large-Scale Migration Based On The Irish Experience, 1948-1987: A Note, The Economic And Social Review, 20, 3, 257-66.
202. Walsh, B. M. (1989b) Tests For Macroeconomic Feedback From Large-Scale Migration Based On The Irish Experience, 1948-1987: A Rejoinder, The Economic And Social Review, 20, 3, 278-9.
203. Williamson, J. G. (1988a) Migration And Urbanization, in Chenery, H. and Srinivasan, T.N. (eds.), Handbook Of Development Economics, Vol. 1, North-Holland, 287-314.
204. Williamson, J. G. (1988b) Migrant Selectivity, Urbanization, And Industrial Revolutions, Population And Development Review, 14, 2, 287-314.
205. Willis, R. J. and Rosen, S. (1979) Education And Self-Selection, Journal Of Political Economy, 87, s7-s36.
206. Winegarden, C. R. and Khor, L. B. (1993) Undocumented Immigration And Income Inequality In The Native-Born Population Of The US: Econometric Evidence, Applied Economics, 25, 157-63.
207. Winklemann, R. and Zimmermann, K. F. (1993) Ageing, Migration And Labour Mobility, in Johnson and Zimmermann (1993a), 255-87.
208. Withers, G. (1987) Migrants And The Labour Market: The Australian Evidence, in The Future Of Migration, OECD.
209. Withers, G. and Pope, D. (1985) Immigration And Unemployment, Economic Record, 61, 173, 554-63.
210. World Bank (1988, 1989, 1990) World Development Reports, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford.
211. Wood, A. (1994) North-South Trade, Employment And Inequality: Changing Fortunes In A Skill-Driven World, Clarendon Press: Oxford.
212. Xu, C. (1992) Risk Aversion, Rural-Urban Wage Differentiation And Migration, Discussion Paper No. 108: CEPR; London.
213. Yap, L. (1977) The Attraction Of Cities: A Review Of The Migration Literature, Journal Of Development Economics, 4, 239-64.
214. Yuengert, A. M. (1994) Immigrant Earnings, Relative To What? The Importance Of Earnings Function Specification And Comparison Points, Journal Of Applied Econometrics, 9, 71-90.
215. Zimmermann, K. F. (1993) Industrial Restructuring, Unemployment And Migration, in Beckermans, L. and Tsoukalis, L. (eds.), Europe And Global Economic Interdependence, College Of Europe And European Interuniversity Press: Bruges, 25-52.