Skin color in transracial and inracial adoptive placements: Implications for special needs adoptions

Child Welfare

Volumn 78, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 673-692

  McRoy, Ruth G ^a   Grape, Helen ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b Texas Dept Protective Regulatory S   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001641849     PISSN: 00094021     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Aboud, F. (1987). The development of ethnic self-identification and attitudes. In J. Phinney & M. Rotheram (Eds.), Children's ethnic socialization: Pluralism and development (pp. 32-55). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. Averhart, C. J., & Bigler, R. S. (1997). Shades of meaning: Skin tone, racial attitudes, and constructive memory in African American children. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 67, 363-388.
3. Barth, R. P. (1997). Effects of age and racism on the odds of adoption versus remaining in long-term out-of-home care. Child Welfare 76, 285-308.
4. Bond, S., & Cash, T. F. (1992). Black beauty: Skin color and body images among African American college women. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 22, 874-888.
5. Boyd-Franklin, N. (1989). Black families in therapy: A multisystems approach. New York: Guilford.
6. Daley, S. (1990, January 18). Foster placement by skin shade is charged. The New York Times, pp. B1, B3.
7. Dollard, J. (1957). Caste and class in a southern town. New York: Doubleday.
8. Drake, S. C., & Cayton, H. (1962). The measure of man. In S. C. Drake & H. Cayton (Eds.), Black metropolis: A study of Negro life in a northern city (vol. 2) (pp. 495-525). New York: Harper.
9. Edwards, O. L. (1972). Skin color as a variable in racial attitudes of black urbanites. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 24, 433-454.
10. Featherston, E. (1994). Skin deep: Women writing on color, culture and identity. Freedom, CA: The Crossing Press.
11. Feigelman, W., & Silverman, A. R. (1983). Chosen children: New patterns of adoptive relationships. New York: Praeger.
12. Freeman, H. E., Armour, D., Ross, J. M., & Pettigrew, T. J. (1996). Color gradation and attitudes among middle income Negroes. American Sociological Review, 31, 365-374.
13. Golden, M., & Shreve, S. R. (1995). Skin deep: Black women and white women write about race. New York: Anchor Books.
14. Haizlip, S. T. (1994). The sweeter the juice: A family memoir in black and white. New York: Simon & Schuster.
15. Harvey, A. R. (1995). The issue of skin color in psychotherapy with African Americans. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 76(1), 3-10.
16. Herskovits, M. J. (1968). The American Negro. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
17. Hill, C. H. (1944). Social status and physical appearance among Negro adolescents. Social Forces, 22, 443-448.
18. Hollingsworth, L. D. (1997). Effect of transracial/transethnic adoption on children's racial and ethnic identity and self-esteem: A meta-analytic review. Marriage & Family Review, 25, 99-130.
19. Hollingsworth, L. D. (1998). Adoptee dissimilarity from the adoptive family: Clinical practice and research implications. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 15, 303-319.
20. Holmes, R. M. (1995). How young children perceive race. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
21. Holtzman, J. (1973). Color caste change among black college students. Journal of Black Studies, 4(1), 92-100.
22. Is skin color still a problem in Black America? (1984, December). Ebony, 40, 66-70.
23. Keith, V. M., & Herring, C. (1991). Skin tone and stratification in the black community. American Journal of Sociology, 97, 760-778.
24. Marks, E. S. (1947). Skin color judgments of Negro college students In T. M. Newcomb & E. L. Hartley (Eds.), Readings in social psychology (pp. 16-121). New York: Henry Holt.
25. McAdoo, H. P. (1996). Black families (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
26. McRoy, R. (1990). An organizational dilemma: The case of transracial adoption. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 25, 145-160.
27. McRoy, R. (1996). Racial identity issues for black children in foster care. In S. Logan (Ed.), Black family strengths, self help, and positive change. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
28. McRoy, R. G. (1994). Racial identity and attachment in transracial adoptions: Implications for child placement decision making. Journal of Multicultural Social Work, 3, 59-75.
29. McRoy, R. G., & Freeman, E. (1986). Racial identity issues of mixed race children: Implications for school social workers. Social Work in Education, 8, 164-174.
30. McRoy, R. G., & Zurcher, L. A. (1983). Transracial and inracial adoptees: The adolescent years. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
31. Myrdal, G. (1962). The Negro class structure. In American dilemma. New York: Harper Brothers.
32. Nadel, M. V. (1998). Foster care: Implementation of the Multi-Ethnic Placement Act poses difficult challenges. Washington, DC: U. S. General Accounting Office.
33. National Adoption Information Clearinghouse. (1998, November 9). Adoption statistics - A brief overview. Available on-line at www.calib.com/naic.
34. Neal, A. M., & Wilson, M. L. (1989). The role of skin color and features in the black community: Implications for black women and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review 9, 323-333.
35. Porter, C. (1991). Social reasons for skin tone preferences of black school-age children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 61(1), 149-154.
36. Poussaint, A. F. (1975, February). The problems of light-skinned blacks. Ebony, 30(4), 85-91.
37. Ransford, H. E. (1970). Skin color, life chances, and anti-white attitudes. Social Problems, 18, 164-178.
38. Reuter, E. B. (1917). The superiority of mulatto. American Journal of Sociology, 23(1), 83-106.
39. Robinson, T. L., & Ward, J. V. (1995). African American adolescents and skin color. Journal of Black Psychology, 21, 256-274.
40. Russell, K., Wilson, M., & Hall, R. (1992). The color complex. New York: Anchor Books.
41. Scales-Trent, J. (1995). Notes of a white black woman: Race, color, community. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press.
42. Seeman, M. (1946). Skin color values in three all-Negro school classes. American Sociological Review, 11, 315-321.
43. Texas Family Code. (1995). Race or ethnicity. Sect. 162.308.
44. Why skin color suddenly is a big issue again. (1992, March). Ebony, 47, 120-122.