Definition, diagnosis, and origin of mammalia

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 1988, Pages 241-264

  Rowe, Timothy ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001633328     PISSN: 02724634     EISSN: 19372809     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02724634.1988.10011708     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Allin E. F. 1975. Evolution of the mammalian middle ear. Journal of Morphology 147:403-438.
2. Archer, M., M. D. Plane, and N. S. Pledge. 1979. Additional evidence for interpreting the Miocene Obdurodon insignis Woodbume and Tedford 1975, to be a fossil platypus (Omithorhynchidae: Monotremata) and a reconsideration of the status of Ornithorhynchus agilis De Vis, 1885. Australian Zoologist 20:9-27.
3. Bennett, A. F., and J. A. Ruben. 1986. The metabolic and thermoregulatory status of therapsids; pp. 207-218 in N. H. Hotton III, P. D. MacLean, J. J. Roth, and E. C. Roth (eds.), Ecology and Biology of Mammal-like Reptiles. Smithsonian Institution and National Institute of Mental Health, Washington, D.C.
4. Bonaparte, J. F. 1962. Descripción del cranio y mandíbula de Exaeretodon frenguellii, Cabrera y su comparación con Diademodontidae, Tritylodontidae y los cinodontos sudamericanos. Publicaciones del Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales y Tradicional de Mar del Plata 1: 135-202.
5. Bonaparte, J. F. 1963. Descripción del esqueleto postcraneano de Exaeretodon (Cynodontia-Traversodontidae). Acta Geologica Lilloana, Tucumán 4:5-51.
6. Bonaparte, J. F. 1966. Sobre las cavidades cerebral, nasal y otras estructuras del cráneo de Exaeretodon sp. (Cynodontia-Traversodontidae). Acta Geologica Lilloana, Tucumán 8:5-31.
7. Brinkman, D., and D. A. Eberth. 1983. The interrelationships of pelycosaurs. Breviora 473, 35 pp.
8. Clark, J. M., and J. A. Hopson. 1985. Distinctive mammallike reptile from Mexico and its bearing on the phylogeny of the Tritylodontidae. Nature 315:398-400.
9. Clemens, W. A. 1979a. A problem in morganucodont taxonomy (Mammalia). Zoological Journal, Linnean Society of London 66:1-14.
10. Clemens, W. A. 1979b. Marsupialia; pp. 192-220 in J. A. Lille-graven, Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, and W. A. Clemens (eds.), Mesozoic Mammals: The First Two Thirds of Mammalian History. University of California Press, Berkeley.
11. Clemens, W. A. 1986. On Triassic and Jurassic mammals; pp. 237-246 in K. Padian (ed.), The Beginning of the Age of Dinosaurs. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
12. Clemens, W. A. and Z. Kielan-Jaworowska. 1979. Multituberculata; pp. 99-149 in J. A. Lillegraven, Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, and W. A. Clemens (eds.), Mesozoic Mammals: The First Two Thirds of Mammalian History. University of California Press, Berkeley.
13. Clemens, W. A. and J. A. Lillegraven. 1986. New Late Cretaceous, North American advanced therian mammals that fit neither the marsupial nor eutherian molds; pp. 55-85 in K. M. Flanagan and J. A. Lillegraven (eds.), Vertebrates, Phylogeny, and Philosophy. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming, Special Paper 3.
14. Clemens, W. A., E. H. Lindsay, and G. G. Simpson. 1979. Where, when, and what-a survey of known Mesozoic mammal distribution; pp. 7-58 in J. A. Lillegraven, Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, and W. A. Clemens (eds.), Mesozoic Mammals: The First Two Thirds of Mammalian History. University of California Press, Berkeley.
15. Crompton, A. W. 1974. The dentitions and relationships of the Southern African Triassic mammals Erythrotheri-um parringtoni and Megazostrodon rudnerae. Bulletin, British Museum (Natural History), Geology 24:399-443.
16. Crompton, A. W. and F. A. Jenkins, Jr. 1979. Origin of mammals; pp. 59-73 in J. A. Lillegraven, Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, and W. A. Clemens (eds.), Mesozoic Mammals: The First Two Thirds of Mammalian History. University of California Press, Berkeley.
17. Crompton, A. W. and P. Parker. 1978. Evolution of the mammalian masticatory apparatus. American Scientist 66:192-201.
18. Crompton, A. W. and A.-L. Sun. 1985. Cranial structure and relationships of the Liassic mammal Sinoconodon. Zoological Journal, Linnean Society of London 85:99-119.
19. deBeer, G. R. 1937. The Development of the Vertebrate Skull. Oxford University Press, London, 552 pp.
20. Edgeworth, F. H. 1935. The Cranial Muscles of Vertebrates. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 493 pp.
21. Fakui, Z., and C. Guihai. 1983. New material and new understanding of Sinoconodon. Vertebrata Palasiatica 21:32-41.
22. Fraser, N. C., G. M. Walkden, and V. Stewart. 1985. The first pre-Rhaetic therian mammal. Nature 314:161-163.
23. Gaffney, E. S. 1979. An introduction to the logic of phy-logeny reconstruction; pp. 79-111 in J. Cracraft and N. Eldredge (eds.), Phylogenetic Analysis and Paleontology. Columbia University Press, New York.
24. Gaffney, E. S. 1980. Phylogenetic relationships of the major groups of amniotes; pp. 593-610 in A. Panchen (ed.), The Terrestrial Environment and the Origin of Land Vertebrates. Academic Press, London.
25. Gardiner, B. 1982. Tetrapod classification. Zoological Journal, Linnean Society of London 74:207-232.
26. Gauthier, J. 1984. A cladistic analysis of the higher systematic categories of the Diapsida. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 564 pp.
27. Gauthier, J. 1986. Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds; pp. 1-56 in K. Padian (ed.), the Origin of Birds and the Evolution of Flight. California Academy of Sciences, Memoir 8.
28. Gauthier, J., A. G. Kluge, and T. Rowe. 1988a. Amniote phylogeny and the importance of fossils. Cladistics 4:105-209.
29. Gauthier, J., A. G. Kluge, and T. Rowe. 1988b. The early evolution of Amniota, pp. 103-155 in M. Benton (ed.), The Phylog-eny and Classification of the Tetrapods, Vol. 1: Amphibians, Reptiles and Birds. Systematics Association Special Volume № 35a, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
30. Gauthier, J., A. G. Kluge, and T. Rowe., R. Estes, and K. K. de Queiroz. 1988c. Lepidosauromorpha; pp. 15-98 in R. Estes and G. K. Pregill (eds.), Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard Families: Essays Commemorating Charles L. Camp. Stanford University Press, Palo Alto.
31. Ghiselin, M. T. 1969. The Triumph of the Darwinian Method. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 287 pp.
32. Ghiselin, M. T. 1984. "Definition, " "Character, " and other equivocal terms. Systematic Zoology 33:104-110.
33. Gill, T. 1902. The story of a word-mammal. Popular Science Monthly 61:434-438.
34. Gow, C. E. 1985. Apomorphies of the Mammalia. South African Journal of Science 81:558-560.
35. Gow, C. E. 1986a. The side wall of the braincase in cynodont therapsids, and a note on the homology of the mammalian promontorium. South African Journal of Science 21:136-148.
36. Gow, C. E. 1986b. A new skull of Megazostrodon (Mammalia, Triconodonta) from the Elliot Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Southern Africa. Palaeontologia Africana 26:13-23.
37. Gregory, W. K. 1910. The orders of mammals. Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History 27:1-524.
38. Gregory, W. K. 1947. Monotremes and the palimpsest theory. Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History 88:1-52.
39. Griffiths, M. 1978. The Biology of the Monotremes. Academic Press, London, 367 pp.
40. Grine, F. E., C. E. Gow, and J. W. Kitching. 1979. Enamel structure in the cynodonts Pachygenelus and Tritylodon. Proceedings, Electron Microscopy Society of Southern Africa 9:99-100.
41. Grine, F. E., C. E. Gow, and J. W. Kitching. and E. S. Vrba. 1980. Prismatic enamel: a preadaptation for mammalian diphyodonty? South African Journal of Science 76:139-141.
42. Haeckel, E. 1897. The Evolution of Man. Appleton and Company, New York, 2 volumes: 467 pp. and 504 pp.
43. Hahn, G. 1977. Das coronoid der Paulchoffatiidae (Mul-tituberculata; Ober-Jura). Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 51:246-253.
44. Hahn, G. 1978a. Neue Unterkiefer von Multituberculaten aus dem Malm Portugals. Geologica et Paleontologica 12: 177-212.
45. Hahn, G. 1978b. Die Multituberculata, eine fossile SaugetierOrdnung. Sonderbande des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 3:61-95.
46. Hennig, W. 1981. Insect Phylogeny. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 514 pp.
47. Hopson, J. A. 1964. The braincase of the advanced mammal-like reptile Bienotherium. Postilla 87, 30 pp.
48. Hopson, J. A. 1970. The classification of non-therian mammals. Journal of Mammalogy 51:1-9.
49. Hopson, J. A. 1984. Late Triassic traversodont cynodonts from Nova Scotia and Southern Africa. Palaeontologica Africana 25:181-201.
50. Hopson, J. A. 1987. Synapsid phylogeny and the origin of mammalian endothermy. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7:18A.
51. Hopson, J. A. and H. R. Barghusen. 1986. An analysis of therapsid relationships; pp. 83-106 in N. H. Hotton III, P. D. MacLean, J. J. Roth, and E. C. Roth (eds.), Ecology and Biology of Mammal-like Reptiles. Smithsonian Institution and National Institute of Mental Health, Washington, D.C.
52. Hopson, J. A. and A. W. Crompton. 1969. Origin of mammals. Evoutionary Biology 3:15-72.
53. Huber, E. 1930. Evolution of facial musculature and cutaneous field of trigeminus. Quarterly Review of Biology 5:133-188, 389-437.
54. Huxley, T. H. 1880. On the application of the Laws of Evolution to the arrangement of the Vertebrata, and more particularly of the Mammalia. Proceedings, Zoological Society of London 43:649-662.
55. Jenkins, F. A., Jr. 1969. The evolution and development of the dens of the mammalian axis. Anatomical Record 164:173-184.
56. Jenkins, F. A., Jr. 1971. The postcranial skeleton of African cynodonts. Bulletin, Peabody Museum of Natural History 36, 216 pp.
57. Jenkins, F. A., Jr. and A. W. Crompton. 1979. Triconodonta; pp. 74-90 in J. A. Lillegraven, Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, and W. A. Clemens (eds.), Mesozoic Mammals: The First Two Thirds of Mammalian History. University of California Press, Berkeley.
58. Jenkins, F. A., Jr., and W. R. Downs. 1983. Mesozoic mammals from Arizona: new evidence on mammalian evolution. Science 222:1233-1235.
59. Jenkins, F. A., Jr., and W. R. Downs. and F. R. Parrington. 1976. The postcranial skeleton of the Triassic mammals Eozostrodon, Megazos-trodon, and Erythrotherium. Philosophical Transactions, Royal Society of London (B) 273:387-431.
60. Kemp, T. S. 1982. Mammal-like Reptiles and the Origin of Mammals. Academic Press, London, 363 pp.
61. Kemp, T. S. 1983. The relationships of mammals. Zoological Journal, Linnean Society of London 77:353-384.
62. Kermack, D. M., and K. A. Kermack. 1984. The Evolution of Mammalian Characters. Croom Helm Press, London, 149 pp.
63. Kermack, K. A., and Z. Kielan-Jaworowska. 1971. Therian and non-therian mammals; pp. 103-115 in D. M. Kermack and K. A. Kermack (eds.), Early Mammals. Zoological Journal, Linnean Society of London 50, supplement 1.
64. Kermack, K. A. and F. Mussett. 1958. The jaw articulation of the Docodonta and the classification of Mesozoic mammals. Proceedings, Royal Society of London (B) 148:204-215.
65. Kermack, K. A. and H. W. Rigney. 1973. The lower jaw of Morganucodon. Zoological Journal, Linnean Society of London 53:87-175.
66. Kermack, K. A. and H. W. Rigney. 1981. The skull of Morganucodon. Zoological Journal, Linnean Society of London 71:1-158.
67. Kielan-Jaworowska, Z. 1971. Results of the Polish-Mon-golian Palaeontological Expeditions. Part III. Skull structure and affinities of the Multituberculata. Palaeon-tologica Polonica 25:5-41.
68. Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., C. Poplin, R. Presley, and A. de Ricqles. 1984. Preliminary note on multituberculate cranial anatomy studied by serial sections; pp. 123-128 in W.-E. Reif and F. Westphal (eds.), Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. Attempto Verlag, Tubingen.
69. Kielan-Jaworowska, Z., R. Presley, and C. Poplin. 1986. The cranial vascular system in taeniolabidoid multituberculate mammals. Philosophical Transactions, Royal Society of London (B) 313:525-602.
70. Kirsch, J. A. W. 1984. Living mammals and the fossil record; pp. 17-31 in P. D. Gingerich and C. E. Badgley (eds.), Mammals, Notes for a Short Course. University of Tennessee Studies in Geology 8.
71. Krause, D. W., and F. A. Jenkins, Jr. 1983. The postcranial skeleton of North American multituberculates. Bulletin, Museum of Comparative Zoology 150:199-246.
72. Krebs, B. 1971. Evolution of the mandible and lower dentition in dryolestids (Panthotheria, Mammalia); pp. 89-102 in D. M. Kermack and K. A. Kermack (eds.), Early Mammals. Zoological Journal, Linnean Society of London 50, supplement 1.
73. Krebs, B. 1987. The skeleton of a Jurassic eupantothere and the arboreal origin of modem mammals; pp. 132-137 in P. M. Currie and E. H. Koster (eds.), Fourth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems, Short Papers. Drumheller, Tyrell Museum of Palaeontology, Occasional Papers № 3.
74. Krusat, G. 1980. Contribuicao para o conhecimento da fauna do Kimeridgiano da mina de lignito Guimarota (Leiria, Portugal). IV Parte. Haldanodon exspectatus Kuhne & Krusat 1972 (Mammalia, Docodonta). Memorias dos Servicos Geologicos Portugal 27, 79 pp.
75. Kuhn, H.-J. 1971. Die Entwicklung und Morphologie des Schädels von Tachyglossus aculeatus. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 528: 1-192.
76. Kuhne, W. G. 1956. The Liassic Therapsid Oligokyphus. British Museum (Natural History), London, 149 pp.
77. Kuhne, W. G. 1958. Rhaetische Triconodonten aus Glamorgen, ihre Stellung zwischen den Klassen Reptilia und Mammalia und ihre Bedeutung für die Reichert’sche Theorie. Palaeontologische Zeitschrift 32:197-235.
78. Lester, K. S., and M. Archer. 1986. A description of the molar enamel of a middle Miocene monotreme (Ob-durodon, Omithorhynchidae). Anatomy and Embryology 174:145-151.
79. Lester, K. S. and A. Boy de. 1986. Scanning microscopy of platypus teeth. Anatomy and Embryology 174:15-26.
80. Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna triae naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum charac-teribus, differentiis, synonyms locis; Edito decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, Vol. 1, 824 pp.
81. Lovtrup, S. 1985. On the classification of the taxon Tetrap-oda. Systematic Zoology 34:463-470.
82. MacIntyre, G. T. 1967. Foramen pseudo vale and quasimammals. Evolution 21:834-841.
83. Maddison, W. P., M. J. Donoghue, and D. R. Maddison. 1984. Outgroup analysis and parsimony. Systematic Zoology 33:83-103.
84. Maier, W. 1987. The ontogenetic development of the orbitotemporal region in the skull of Monodelphis domestica (Didelphidae, Marsupialia), and the problem of the mammalian alisphenoid; pp. 71-90 in H.-J. Kuhn and U. Zeller (eds.), Morphogenesis of the Mammalian Skull. Beihefte Zeitschrift für Saugetierkunde, Vol. 52. Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg, Berlin.
85. Marshall, L. G. 1979. Evolution of metatherian and eu-therian (mammalian) characters: a review based on cla-distic methodology. Zoological Journal, Linnean Society of London 66:369-410.
86. McKenna, M. C. 1987. Molecular and morphological analysis of high-level mammalian interrelationships; pp. 55-93 in C. Patterson (ed.), Molecules and Morphology in Evolution: Conflict or Compromise? Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
87. Miao, D., and J. A. Lillegraven. 1986. Discovery of three ear ossicles in a multituberculate mammal. National Geographic Research 2:500-507.
88. Novacek, M. J., and A. R. Wyss. 1986a. Higher-level relationships of the Recent eutherian orders: morphological evidence. Cladistics 2:257-287.
89. Novacek, M. J., and A. R. Wyss. 1986b. Origin and transformation of the mammalian stapes; pp. 35-53 in K. M. Flanagan and J. A. Lillegraven (eds.), Vertebrates, Phylogeny, and Philosophy. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming, Special Paper 3.
90. Patterson, C. 1981. Methods of paleobiogeography; pp. 446-500 in G. Nelson and D. E. Rosen (eds.), Vicariance Biogeography: A Critique. Columbia University Press, New York.
91. Patterson, C. and D. E. Rosen. 1977. Review of ichthyodectiform and other Mesozoic teleost fishes and the theory and practice of classifying fossils. Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History 158:81-172.
92. Presley, R. 1980. The braincase in Recent and Mesozoic therapsids Memoir Societie geologique de France (N.S.) 139:159-162.
93. Presley, R. 1981. Alisphenoid equivalents in placentals, marsupials, monotremes and fossils. Nature 294:668-670.
94. Presley, R. 1984. The tympanic cavity of Mesozoic mammals; pp. 187-192 in W.-E. Reif and F. Westphal (eds.), Third Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems. At-tempto Verlag, Tubingen.
95. Prothero, D. R. 1981. New Jurassic mammals from Como Bluff, Wyoming, and the interrelationships of non-tribo-sphenic Theria. Bulletin, American Museum of Natural History 167:277-326.
96. Reed, C. A. 1960. Polyphyletic or monopyletic ancestry of mammals, or: what is a class? Evolution 14:314-322.
97. Reisz, R. R. 1986. Pelycosauria. Encyclopedia of Paleoher-petology 17:1-102.
98. Romer, A. S. 1956. Osteology of the Reptiles. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 472 pp.
99. Romer, A. S. and T. Parsons. 1977. The Vertebrate Body. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 627 pp.
100. Rowe, T. 1986a. Osteological diagnosis of Mammalia, L. 1758, and its relationships to extinct Synapsida. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 446 pp.
101. Rowe, T. 1986b. Homology and evolution of the deep dorsal thigh musculature in birds and other Reptilia. Journal of Morphology 189:327-346.
102. Rowe, T. 1987. Definition and diagnosis in the phylogenetic system. Systematic Zoology 36:208-211.
103. Rowe, T. and N. Greenwald. 1987. The phylogenetic position and origin of Multituberculata. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 7:24A.
104. Simpson, G. G. 1959. Mesozoic mammals and the polyphyletic origin of mammals. Evolution 13:405-414.
105. Simpson, G. G. 1960. Diagnosis of the classes Reptilia and Mammalia. Evolution 14:388-392.
106. Stevens, P. F. 1984. Metaphors and typology in the development of botanical systematics 1690-1960, or the art of putting new wine in old bottles. Taxon 33:169-211.
107. Sues, H.-D. 1983. Advanced mammal-like reptiles from the Early Jurassic of Arizona. Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, 278 pp.
108. Sues, H.-D. 1985. The relationships of the T ritylodontidae (Synapsida). Zoological Journal, Linnean Society of London 85:205-217.
109. Sues, H.-D. 1986. The skull and dentition of two tritylodontid synapsids from the Lower Jurassic of western North America. Bulletin, Museum of Comparative Zoology 151: 217-268.
110. Swofford, D. L. 1984. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysus Using Parsimony, Version 2.3. Privately printed documentation. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois.
111. Van Valen, L. 1960. Therapsids as mammals. Evolution 14:304-313.
112. Wiley, E. O. 1981. Phylogenetics, the Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 439 pp.