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3
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0043118276
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note
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A thermotropic liquid crystal is a compound that, on healing the crystal or on cooling the isotropic liquid, gives rise to mesomorphism. Liquid crystallinity occurs between the crystal and the isotropic liquid states. The intermediate phases, or mesophases, can be either enantiotropic, i.e., thermodynamically stable, or monotropic, i.e., thermodynamically unstable. The solid-to-mesophase transition is referred to as the melting point, while the mesophase-to-isotropic-liquid transition is referred to as the clearing point. The Fig. shows the molecular organization whithin nematic, smectic A, and smectic C phases. In the nematic phase, the molecules align parallel to an axis, the director. In the smectic A phase, the molecules are organized into layers and are perpendicular to the planes; in the smectic C phase, the molecules are organized into layers and are tilted.
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