When Does Stress Become Distress?

Lab Animal

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 22-26

  Moberg, Gary P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001596289     PISSN: 00937355     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (16)

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3. Moberg, G.P. Problems in defining stress and distress in animals. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.; 191(10):1207-1211, 1987.
4. Mason, J.W. Emotion as reflected in patterns of endocrine integrations. In: Levi, L., ed. Emotions - Their Parameters and Measurements. Raven, NY, pp. 143-181, 1975.
5. Selye, H. Stress. Acata, Montreal, Canada, 1950.
6. Henry, J.P. Mechanisms of psychosomatic disease in animals. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp. Med.; 20:115-145, 1976.
7. Lyons, D.M., Price, E.O., and Moberg, G.P. Social modulation of pituitary-adrenal responsiveness and individual differences in behavior of young domestic goats. Physiol. Benav.; 43(4):451-458, 1988.
8. Hemsworth, P.H., Barnett, J.L., and Hansen, C. The influence of handling by humans on the behavior, growth, and corticosteroids in the juvenile female pig. Hormones and Behavior; 15:396-403, 1981.
9. Marple, D.N., et al. Endocrine responses of stress susceptible and stress resistant swine to environmental stressors. J. Anim. Sci.; 35(3):576-579, 1972.
10. Brown, K.I. and Nestor, K.E. Some physiological responses of turkeys selected for high and low adrenal response to cold stress. Poul. Sci.; 52:1948-1954, 1973.
11. Mason, W.A., Mendoza, S.P., and Moberg, G.P. Persistent effects of early social experience on physical responsiveness. In: Ehara A., et al., eds. Primatology Today. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 469-471, 1991.
12. Moberg, G.P., Bellinger, L.L., and Mendel, V.E. Effect of meal feeding on daily rhythms of plasma corticosterone and growth hormone in the rat. Neuroendocrinology; 19(2):160-169, 1975.
13. Moberg, G.P. Suffering from stress: an approach for evaluating the welfare of an animal. Acta Agricultural Scandinavica; 27(Supplement A):46-49, 1996.
14. Weissman, C. The metabolic response to stress: an overview and update. Anesthesiology; 73(2):308-327, 1990.
15. Moberg, G.P. Stress: diagnosis, cost, and management. In: Mench, J.A. et al., eds. The Well-Being of Agricultural Animals in Biomedical and Agricultural Research. Scientists Center for Animal Welfare, Bethesda, MD, pp. 58-61, 1992.
16. Moberg, G.P. Developing management strategies to reduce stress in swine: A new approach utilizing the biological cost of stress. In: Batterham, E.S., ed. Proceedings of the Australasia Pig Science Association, Vol. 4. Australasia Pig Science Association, Attwood, Australia, pp. 116-126, 1993.