Inversion methods of three cumulus parameterizations for diabatic initialization of a tropical cyclone model

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 124, Issue 10, 1996, Pages 2304-2321

  Kasahara, Akira ^a   Tsutsui, Jun Ichi ^a,b   Hirakuchi, Hiromaru ^b  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b CENTRAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF ELECTRIC POWER INDUSTRY   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001577757     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<2304:IMOTCP>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Andersson, E., J. Pailleux, J.-N. Thépaut, J. R. Eyre, A. P. McNally, G. A. Kelly, and P. Courtier, 1993: Use of radiances in 3D/4D variational data assimilation. Workshop Proc. on Variational Assimilation, with Special Emphasis on Three-dimensional Aspects, Shinfield Park, Reading, UK, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 123-156.
2. Anthes, R., E.-Y. Hsie, and Y.-H. Kuo, 1987: Description of the Perm State/NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 4 (MM4). Tech. Note NCAR/TN-282+STR, 66 pp. [Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]
3. Aonashi, K., 1993: An initialization method to incorporate precipitation data into a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 71, 393-406.
4. Arakawa, A., 1969: Parameterization of cumulus convection. Proc. WMO/IUGG Symp. on Numerical Weather Prediction, Tokyo, Japan, Japan Meteor. Agency, IV-8-1-IV-8-6.
5. _, and W. H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment, Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.
6. Arkin, P. A., and B. N. Meisner, 1987: The relationship between large-scale convective rainfall and cloud over the western hemisphere during 1982-1984. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 51-74.
7. Briegleb, B. P., 1992: Delta-Eddington approximation for solar radiation in the NCAR Community Climate Model. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7603-7612.
8. Courtier, P., and Coauthors, 1993: Variational assimilation at ECMWF. Tech. Memo 194, 25 pp. [Available from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading, Berkshire RG2 9AX, United Kingdom.]
9. Daley, R., 1979: The application of non-linear normal mode initialization to an operational forecast model. Atmos.-Ocean, 17, 97-124.
10. Davidson, N. E., and K. Puri, 1992: Tropical prediction using dynamical nudging, satellite-defined convective heat sources, and a cyclone bogus. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2501-2522.
11. Derber, J. C., 1994: Assimilation of TOYS data at NMC. Seminar Proc., Developments in the Use of Satellite Data in Numerical Weather Prediction, Shinfield Park, Reading, U.K., European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 3-18.
12. Dickinson, R. E., P. J. Kennedy, A. Henderson-Sellers, and M. Wilson, 1986: Biosphere - Atmosphere Transfer Schemes (BATS) for the NCAR Community Climate Model. Tech. Note NCAR/ TN-275+STR, 69 pp. [Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]
13. Donner, L. J., 1988: An initialization for cumulus convection in numerical weather prediction models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 377-385.
14. _, and P. J. Rasch, 1989: Cumulus initialization in a global model for numerical weather prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2654-2671.
15. Elsberry, R. L., 1990: International experiments to study tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 1305-1316.
16. Errico, R. M., 1989: Theory and application of nonlinear normal mode initialization. Tech. Note NCAR/TN-344+IA, 137 pp. [Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]
17. _, and G. T. Bates, 1988: Implicit normal-mode initialization of the PSU/NCAR mesoscale model. Tech. Note NCAR/TN-312+ IA, 112 pp. [Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]
18. _, K. Raeder, and T. Vukicevic, 1994: Mesoscale Adjoint Modeling System Version 1. Tech. Note NCAR/TN-410+IA, 214 pp. [Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]
19. Fiorino, M., and T. T. Warner, 1981: Incorporating surface winds and rainfall rates into the initialization of a mesoscale hurricane model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1914-1929.
20. Fu, R., A. D. Del Genio, and W. B. Rossow, 1990: Behavior of deep convective clouds in the tropical Pacific from ISCCP radiances. J. Climate, 3, 1129-1152.
21. Giorgi, F., M. R. Marinucci, and G. T. Bates, 1993a: Development of a second-generation regional climate model (RegCM2). Part I: Boundary-layer and radiative transfer processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2794-2813.
22. _, _, _, and G. DeCanio, 1993b: Development of a secondgeneration regional climate model (RegCM2). Part II: Convective processes and assimilation of lateral boundary conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2814-2832.
23. Grell, G. A., J. Dudhia, and D. Stauffer, 1994: A description of the fifth generation Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model (MM5). Tech. Note NCAR/TN-398+STR, 138 pp. [Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]
24. Hack, J. J., 1994: Parameterization of moist convection in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (CCM2). J. Geophys. Res., 99(D3), 5551-5568.
25. Hirakuchi, H., and F. Giorgi, 1995: Multiyear present-day and 2XCO2 simulations of monsoon climate over eastern Asia and Japan with a regional climate model nested in a general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 100(D10), 21 105-21 125.
26. Hollingsworth, A., J. Horn, and S. Uppala, 1989: Verification of FGGE assimilations of the tropical wind field: The effect of model and data bias. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1017-1038.
27. Holton, J. R., 1972: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. 1st ed. Academic Press, 319 pp.
28. Holtslag, A. A. M., E. I. F. de Bruijn, and H.-L. Pan, 1990: A high resolution air mass transformation model for short-range weather forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1561-1575.
29. Janowiak, J. E., P. A. Arkin, and M. Morrissey, 1994: An examination of the diurnal cycle in oceanic tropical rainfall using satellite and in situ data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2296-2311.
30. Kasahara, A.. A. P. Mizzi, and L. J. Donner, 1992: Impact of cumulus initialization on the spinup of precipitation forecasts in the tropics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1360-1380.
31. _, _, and _, 1994: Diabatic initialization for improvement in the tropical analysis of divergence and moisture using satellite radiometric imagery data. Tellus, 46A, 242-264.
32. Kiehl, J. T., R. J. Wolski, B. P. Briegleb, and V. Ramanathan, 1987: Documentation of radiation and cloud routines in the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM1). Tech. Note NCAR/TN-288+IA, 114pp. [Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]
33. Krishnamurti, T. N., K. Ingles, S. Cocke, T. Kitade, and R. Pasch, 1984: Details of low latitude medium range numerical weather prediction using spectral model. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 26, 613-649.
34. _, H. S. Bedi, and K. Ingles, 1993: Physical initialization using SSM/I rain rates. Tellus, 45A, 247-269.
35. Kuo, H.-L., 1974: Further studies of the influence of cumulus convection on large-scale flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1232-1240.
36. Madala, R. V., 1981: Efficient time integration schemes for atmosphere and ocean models. Finite-Difference Techniques for Vectorized Fluid Dynamics Calculations, D. L. Book, Ed., SpringerVerlag, 56-74.
37. Mathur, M. B., 1995: Amelioration of convective and nonconvective condensation with the assimilation of rainfall for improving initial conditions. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1851-1861.
38. Molinari, J., 1982: Numerical hurricane prediction using assimilation of remotely-sensed rainfall rates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 553-571.
39. Moorthi, S., and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002.
40. Puri, K., and N. E. Davidson, 1992: The use of infrared satellite cloud imagery data as proxy data for moisture and diabatic heating in data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 2329-2341.
41. Slingo, J. M., 1980: A cloud parameterization scheme derived from GATE data for use with a numerical model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 341-362.
42. Thépaut, J.-N., 1994: Assimilation of satellite data by 4D-VAR at ECMWF. Seminar Proc., Developments in the Use of Satellite Data in Numerical Weather Prediction, Shinfield Park, Reading, U.K., European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 249-286.
43. Trenberth, K. E., 1992: Global analyses from ECMWF and atlas of 1000 to 10 mb circulation statistics. Tech. Note NCAR/TN-373+STR, 191 pp. [Available from NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]
44. Typhoon Committee Secretariat, 1991: ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee Annual Review, 152 pp. [Available from UNDP Manila, P.O. Box 7285 ADC, Pasay City, Philippines.]
45. Zupanski, D., and F. Mesinger, 1995: Four-dimensional variational assimilation of precipitation data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1112-1127.