Dispersal, vicariance, and the late cretaceous to early tertiary land mammal biogeography from South America to Australia

Journal of Mammalian Evolution

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 121-161

  Woodburne, Michael O ^a   Case, Judd A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b St Mary's College   (United States)

Author keywords

Late cretaceous gondwana marsupial dispersal; Multidisciplinary data. 1996 plenum publishing corporation; Vicariance

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001572733     PISSN: 10647554     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/BF01454359     Document Type: Article

References (131)

1. Aplin, K. P., and Archer, M. (1987). Recent advances in marsupial systematics with a new syncretic classification. In: Possums and Opossums: Studies in Evolution, M. Archer, ed., pp. xv-lxii, Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW.
2. Archer, M. (1976). The basicranial region of marsupicarnivores (Marsupialia), inter-relationships of carnivorous marsupials, and affinities of the insectivorous marsupial peramelids. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 59: 217322.
3. Archer, M., Godthelp, H., and Hand, S. J. (1993). Early Eocene marsupial from Australia. Kaupia 3: 193200.
4. Askin, R. A. (1990). Campanian to Paleocene spore and pollen assemblages of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Rev. Paleobot. Palynol. 65: 105-133.
5. Askin, R. A. (1992). Late Cretaceous-early Tertiary Antarctic outcrop evidence for past vegetation and climates. The Antarctic Paleoenvironment: A perspective on Global Change. Am. Geophys. Union Antarctic Res. Ser. 56:61-73.
6. Askin, R. A. (1995). Eocene terrestrial palynology of Seymour Island, Antarctica. VII Int. Symp. Antarctic Earth Sci. Abstr., p. 14, Siena, Italy.
7. Askin, R. A., Elliot. D. H., Stilwell, J. D., and Zinsmeister, W. J. (1991). Stratigraphy and paleontology of Campanian and Eocene sediments, Cockburn Island, Antarctic Peninsula. J. South Am. Earth Sci. 4: 99-117.
8. Barker, P. F., and Burrell, J. (1982). The influence upon Southern Ocean circulation, sedimentation, and climate of the opening of Drake Passage. In: Antarctic Geoscience, C. Craddock, ed., pp. 377-385, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
9. Barrera, E., and Huber, B. T. (1993). Eocene to Oligoccne Oceanography and temperatures in the Antarctic Indian Ocean. Am. Geophys. Union Antarctic Res. Ser. 60: 49-65.
10. Baverstock, P. R., Krieg, M., and Birrell, J. K. (1990). Evolutionary relationships of Australian marsupials as assessed by albumin immunology. Aust. J. Zool. 37: 273-287.
11. Berggren, W. A., Kent, D. V., Swisher, C. C., III, and Aubry, M.-P. (1995). A revised Cenozoic geochronology and biostratigraphy. In: Geochronology, Time Scales and Stratigraphie Correlation: Framework for an Historical Geology, W, A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, M.-P. Aubry, and J. Hardenbol, eds., pp. 129212,
12. Soc. Strut. Geol. Spec. Publ. 54, Tulsa, OK.
13. Birkenmajer, K. (1988). Tertiary glacial and interglacial deposits, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: Geochronology versus biostratigraphy (a progress report). Bull. Polish Acad. Sci. Earth Sei. 36: 133-144.
14. Bonaparte, J. F. (1990). New late Cretaceous mammals from the Los Alamitos Formation, northern Patagonia. Natl. Geogr. Res. 6: 63-93.
15. Bond, M., Pascual, R., Reguero, M. A., Santillana, S. N., and Marenssi, S. A. (1990). Los primeros ungulados extinguidos sudamericanos de la Antártida. Ameghiniana 26: 240.
16. Bradshaw, J. D., Weaver, S. D., Pankhurst, R. J., and Storey, B. C. (1995). New Zealand superterranes recognized in Marie Byrd Land and Thurston Island. VII Int. Symp. Antarctica Earth Sci. Abstr., p. 60, Siena, Italy.
17. Callen, R. J., Dulhunty, J. D., Lange, R. T., Plane, M., Tedford, R. H., Wells, R. T., and Williams, D. L. G. (1986). The Lake Eyre Basin-Cainozoic sediments, fossil vertebrates and plants, landforms, silcretes and climatic implications. Australasian Sedimentologists Field Guide Series No. 4, Geol. Soc. Aust. 1-76.
18. Callen, R. J., and Tedford, R. H. (1976). New late Cainozic rock units and depositional environments, Lake Frome area, South Australia. Trans. Roy. Soc. South Aust. 100: 125-168.
19. Cande, S. C., and Kent, D. V. (1992). A new geomagnetic polarity time scale for Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. J. Geophys. Res. 97(B10):13,917-13,951.
20. Carlini, A. A., Pascual, R., Reguero, M. A., Scillato-Yané, G. J., Tonni, E. P., and Vizcaino, S. F. (1990). The first Paleogene land placental mammal from Antarctica: Its paleoclimatic and paleobiogeographical bearings. IV Int. Congr. Syst. Evol. Biol. Abstr.
21. Case, J. A. (1988). Paleogene floras from Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. In: Geology and Paleontology of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, R. M. Feldmann and M. O. Woodburne, eds., pp. 523-530,
22. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 169, Boulder, CO.
23. Case, J. A. (1989). Antarctica: The effect of high latitude heterochroneity on the origin of the Australian marsupials. In: Origins and Evolution of the Antarctic Biota, J. A. Crame, ed., pp. 217-226,
24. Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 47, London.
25. Case, J. A. (1992a). Paleocene gap in the fossil record of North America didelphids. J. Vert. Paleontol. 12 (Suppl. no 3):22A.
26. Case, J. A. (1992b). Evidence from fossil vertebrates for a rich Eocene Antarctic marine environment. The Antarctic Paleoenvironment: A perspective on Global Change. Am. Geophys. Union Antarctic Res. Ser. 56: 119-130.
27. Case, J. A., Woodburne, M. O., and Chaney, D. S. (1987). A gigantic phororhacoid(?) bird from Antarctica. J. Paleontol. 61: 1280-1284.
28. Case, J. A., Woodburne, M. O., and Chaney, D. S. (1988). A new genus and species of polydolopid marsupial from the La Meseta Formation, late Eocene, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula. In: Geology and Paleontology of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, R. M. Feldmann, and M. O. Woodburne, eds., pp. 505-521,
29. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 169, Boulder, CO.
30. Cifelli, R. L. (1993a). Theria of metatherian-eutherian grade and the origin of marsupials. In: Mammal Phylogeny: Mesozoic Differentiation, Multituberculates, Monotremes, Early Therians, and Marsupials, F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna, eds., pp. 205-215, Springer-Verlag, New York.
31. Cifelli, R. L. (1993b). Early Cretaceous mammal from North America and the evolution of marsupial dental characters. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 90: 9413-9416.
32. Clemens, W. A., and Lillegraven, J. A. (1986). New Late Cretaceous North American advanced therian mammals that fit neither the marsupial nor eutherian molds. Contrib. Geol. Univ. Wyo. Spec. Paper 3: 55-85.
33. Dalziel, I. W. D., and Elliot, D. H. (1982). West Antarctica: Problem child of Gondwanaland. Tectonics 1: 3-19.
34. Diester-Haas, L., and Zahn, R. (1996). Eocene-Oligocene transition in the southern ocean: history of water mass circulation and biological productivity. Geology 24: 163-166.
35. Ehrmann, W. U., and Mackensen, A. (1992). Sedimentological evidence for the formation of an East Antarctic ice sheet in Eocene/Oligocene time. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 9: 85-112.
36. Flynn, J. J., and Swisher, C. C., III (1995). Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronologies. In: Geochronology, Time Scales and Stratigraphie Correlation: Framework for an Historical Geology, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, M.-P. Aubry, and J. Hardenbol, eds., pp. 317334,
37. Soc. Strat. Geol. Spec. Publ. 54, Tulsa, OK.
38. Gayet, M., Marshall, L. G., and Sempere, T. (1991). The Mesozoic and Paleocene vertebrates of Bolivia and their stratigraphie context: A review. Revista Tec. YPFB Santa Cruz 12: 393-433.
39. Godthelp, H., Archer, M., Cifelli, R., Hand, S. J., and Gilkeson, C. F. (1992). Earliest known Australian Tertiary mammal fauna. Nature 256: 514-516.
40. Goin, F. J., and Carlini, A. A. (1995). An early Tertiary microbiotheriid marsupial from Antarctica. J. Vert. Paleontol. 15: 205-207.
41. Goin, F. J., and Reguero, M. A. (1993). Un "enigmático insectivore" de Eoceno de Antártida. Ameghiniana 30: 108.
42. Goin, F., Reguero, M. A., and Vizcaino, S. F. (1994). Novedosos hallazgos de "comadrejas" (Marsupialia) del Eoceno Medio de Antartida. III Jornadas Invest. Antartidas. Buenos Aires 9 (abstract).
43. Goin, F. J., Vizcaino, S. F., and Reguero, M. A. (1995). Las "comadrejas" (Mammalia, Marsupialia) del Eoceno de Antartida. XII Jornadas Argentinas Paleontol. Vertebradoas Tucuman 11 (abstract).
44. Greenwood, D. R. (1994). Palaeobotanical evidence for Tertiary climates. In: History of the Australian Vegetation: Cretaceous to Recent, R. S. Hill (ed.), pp. 44-59, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
45. Groves, C. P., and Flannery, T. (1990). Revision of the families and genera of bandicoots. In: Bandicoots and Bilbies, J. H. Seebeck, R. L. Brown, R. L. Wallis, and C. M. Kemper, eds., pp. 1-11, Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney.
46. Grunow, A. (1992). Creation and destruction of Weddell Sea floor in the Jurassic. Geology 21: 647-650.
47. Harding, R. L., and Aplin, K. P. (1990). Phylogenetic affinities of the koala (Phascolarctidae, Marsupialia): A reassessment of the spermatozoal evidence. In: Biology of the Koala, A. K. Lee, K. A. Handasyde, and G. D. Sanson, eds., pp. 1-31, Surrey Beatty & Sons, Sydney.
48. Hershkovitz, P. (1982). The staggered marsupial lower third incisor (I3). Géobios. Mem. Spec. 6: 191-200.
49. Hershkovitz, P. (1992). Ankle bones: The Chilean opossum Dromiciops gliroides Thomas, and marsupial phylogeny. Bonn. Zoo/. Beitr. 43: 181-213.
50. Hershkovitz, P. (1995). The staggered marsupial third lower incisor: Hallmark of cohort Didelphimorphia, and description of a new genus and species with staggered i3 from the Albian (Lower Cretaceous) of Texas. Bonn. Zool. Beitr. 45: 153-169.
51. Hooker, J. J. (1992). An additional record of a placental mammal (Order Astrapotheria) from the Eocene of West Antarctica. Antarctic Sci. 4: 107-108.
52. Hughes, R. L. (1965). Comparative morphology of spermatozoa from five marsupial families. Aust. J. Zool. 13: 533-543.
53. Hume, I. D. (1982). Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Marsupials, Cambridge University Press, New York.
54. Jones, F. W. (1923-1925). The Mammals of South Australia, Government Printer. Adelaide.
55. Kirsch, J. A. W. (1968). Prodromus of the comparative serology of Marsupialia. Nature 217: 418-420.
56. Kirsch, J. A. W. (1977). The comparative serology of the Marsupialia, and a classification of the marsupials. Aust. J. Zool., Suppl. Ser. 51: 1-152.
57. Kirsch, J. A. W., and Archer, M. (1982). Polythetic cladistics, or, when parsimony's not enough: the relationships of carnivorous marsupials. In: Carnivorous Marsupials, M. Archer, ed., Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, pp. 595-619, Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton, Australia.
58. Kirsch, J. A. W., and Springer, M.S. (1993). Timing of the molecular evolution of New Guinean marsupials. Sci. New Guinea 19: 147-156.
59. Kirsch, J. A. W., Springer, M. S., Krajewski, C., Archer, M., Aplin, K., and Dickerman, A. W. (1990). DNA/DNA hybridization studies of the carnivorous marsupials. I. The intergeneric relationships of bandicoots (Marsupialia: Perameloidea). J. Mol. Evol. 30: 434-448.
60. Kirsch, J. A. W., Dickerman, W. W., Reig, O. A., and Springer, M. S. (1991). DNA hybridization evidence for the Australian affinity of the American marsupial Dromiciops australis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 10465-10469.
61. Koenigswald, W., v. (1995). Enamel microstructure: Marsupialia vs. placentalia. In: Radlanski, R. J., and Renz, H. (eds.), Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Dent. Morphol., pp. 222-229, Marketing Service, Berlin.
62. Koenigswald, W., v. (1996). Two different strategies in enamel differentiation: Marsupialia vs. Placentalia. In Teaford, M., Ferguson, X., and Smith, M., eds., Development, Function and Evolution of Teeth, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (in press).
63. Krajcwski, C., Driskell, A. C., Baverstock, P. R., and Braun, M. J. (1992). Phylogenetic relationships of the thylacine (Mammalia: Thylacinidae) among dasyuroid marsupials: Evidence from cytochrome b DNA sequences. Proc. Roy. Soc. Land. B 250: 19-27.
64. Krause, D. E., and Bonaparte, J. F. (1990). The Gondwanatheria, a new suborder of Multituberculata from South America. /. Vert. Paleontol. 10 (Suppl. 3):31A.
65. Lawyer, L. A., Gahagan, L. M., and Coffin, F. M. (1992). The development of paleoseaways around Antarctica. Am. Geophys. Union Antarctic Res. Ser. 65: 7-30.
66. Lazarus, D. K., and Caulet, J.-P. (1993). Cenozoic southern Ocean reconstructions from sedimentologic, radiolarian, and other microfossil data. Am. Geophys. Union Antarctic Res. Ser. 60: 145-174.
67. LeMasurier, W. A., and Landis, C. A. (1995). Environment of breakup and timing of mantle plume activity record by the West Antarctic erosion surface. Int. Symp. Antarctic Earth Sci. Abstr., p. 242, Siena, Italy.
68. Lowenstein, J. M., Sarich, V. M., and Richardson, B. (1981). Albumin systematics of the extinct mammoth and Tasmanian wolf. Nature 291: 409-411.
69. Luckett, W. P. (1993). An ontogenetic assessment of dental homologies in therian mammals. In: Mammal Phytogeny: Mesozoic Differentiation, Multituberculates, Monotremes, Early Eutherians, and Marsupials, F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C. McKenna, eds., pp. 182-204, Springer-Verlag, New York.
70. Luckett, W. P. (1994). Suprafamilial relationships within Marsupialia: Resolution and discordance from multidisciplinary data. J. Mammal. Evol. 2: 225-283.
71. MacPhail, M. K., Alley, N. F., Truswell, E. M., and Suiter, I. R. K. (1994). Early Tertiary vegetation: Evidence from spores and pollen. In: History of the Australian Vegetation: Cretaceous to Recent, R. S. Hill, ed., pp. 189-261, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
72. Marenssi, S. A., Reguero, M. A., Santillana, S. N., and Vizcaino, S. F. (1994). Eocene land mammals from Seymour Island, Antarctica: Paleobiogeographical implications. Antarctic Sei. 6: 3-15.
73. Marshall, L. G. (1972). Evolution of the peramelid tarsus. Proc. Roy. Soc. Vie. 85: 51-60.
74. Marshall, L. G. (1987). Systematics of Itaboraian (Middle Paleocene) age "opossum-like" marsupials from the limestone quarry at São José de Itaboraí, Brazil. In: Possums and Opossums: Studies in Evolution, M. Archer (ed.), pp. 91-160, Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, NSW.
75. Marshall, L. G., and Muizon, C., de (1988). The dawn of the age of mammais in South America. Narl. Geog. Res. 4: 23-35.
76. Marshall, L. G., and Muizon, C., de (1992). Atlas photographique (MEB) des Metatheria et quelques Eutheria du Paléocène inferieur de la formation Santa Lucia à Tiupampa (Bolivie). Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris (4th ser.) 14: 63-91.
77. Marshall, L. G., Muizon, C., de, and Sigé, B. (1983). Late Cretaceous mammals from Bolivia. Gébios 16: 739-745.
78. Marshall, L. G., Case, I. A., and Woodburne, M. O. (1990). Phylogenetic relationships of the families of marsupials. In: Current Mammalogy, Vol. 2, H. Genoways, ed., pp. 433-506, Plenum Press, New York.
79. Marshall, L. G., and Muizon, C., de, (1995). Part II. The skull. In: Pucadelphys andinus (Marsupialia, Mammalia) from the early Paleocene of Bolivia, C. de Muizon, ed. Mem. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Paris 165:21-90.
80. Marshall, L. G., Sempere, T., and Butler, R. F. (1996). Chronostratigraphy of the mammal-bearing Paleocene of South America. J. South Am. Earth Sci, (in press).
81. Martin, H. A. (1989). Vegetation and climate of the late Cainozoic in the Murry Basin and their bearing on the salinity problem. Bureau Min. Resources J. Aust. Geol. Geophys. 11: 255-279.
82. Maxon, L. R., Sarich, V. M., and Wilson, A. C. (1975). Continental drift and the use of albumin as an evolutionary clock. Nature 255: 397-400.
83. McGowran, B. (1991). Maestrichtian and early Cainozoic, southern Australia: Planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy. In: The Cainozoic in Australia: A Re-appraisal of the Evidence, M. A. J. Williams, P. de Decker, and A. P. Kershaw, eds., Geol. Soc. Aust. Spec. Publ. 18: 79-98.
84. Mohr, B. A. R. (1990). Eocene and Oligocene sporomorphs and dinoflagellate cysts from Leg 113 drill sites, Weddell Sea, Antarctica. In: Proc. ODP Sci. Res., P. G. Barker, and J. P. Kennett, eds., Vol. 113, pp. 595-612.
85. Muirhead, J., and Filan, S. I. (1995). Yarala burchfieldi, a plesiomorphic bandicoot (Marsupialia, Peramelemorphia) from Oligo-Miocene deposits of Riversleigh, northwestern Queensland. J. Paleontol. 69: 127-134.
86. Muizon, C., de (1992). La fauna de mamiferos de Tiupampa (Paleoceno inferior, Formacion Santa Lucia), Bolivia. In: Fosiles y Fades de Bolivia-Vol. 1. Vertebrados, R. Suarez-Soruco, ed., pp. 575-624, Revista Technica de YPFB, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
87. Muizon, C., de (1994). A new carnivorous marsupial from the Palaeocene of Bolivia and the problem of marsupial monophyly. Nature 370: 208-211.
88. Munson, C. J. (1992). Postcratual descriptions of Ilaria and Ngapakaldia (Vombatiformes, Marsupialia) and the phytogeny of the vombatiforms based on postcranial morphology. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 125: 1-99.
89. Norrish, K., and Pickering, J. G. (1983). Clay minerals. In: Soils, an Australian Viewpoint, pp. 281-308, CSIRO/Academic Press, Melbourne.
90. Pascual, R., Archer, M., Ortiz-Jaureguizar, E., Prado, J. L., Godthelp, H., and Hand, S. J. (1992). First discovery of monotremes in South America. Nature 356: 704-706.
91. Pirlot, P. (1981). A quantitative approach to the marsupial brain in an eco-ethological perspective. Rev. Can. Biol. 2: 229-250.
92. Porrenga, D. A. (1968). Non-marine glauconitic illite in the lower Oligocene of Aardedrug, Belgium. Clay Mineral. 7: 421-430.
93. Prentice, M. L., and Matthews, R. K. (1988). Cenozoic ice-volume history: Development of a composite oxygen isotope record. Geology 16: 963-966.
94. Prothero, D. R., and Swisher, C. C., III (1992). Magnetostratigraphy and geochronology of the terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene transition in North America. In: Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution, D. R. Prothero and W. A. Berggren, eds., pp. 46-73, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
95. Quilty, P. G. (1994). The background: 144 million years of Australian paleoclimate and palaeogeography. In: History of the Australian Vegetation: Cretaceous to Recent, R. S. Hill (ed.), pp. 14-43, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
96. Relief, J. D., Krajewski, C., Westerman, M., Winkfein, R. H., and Dixon, G. H. (1995). Molecular phylogeny and evolution of marsupial protamine PI genes. Proc. Roy. Soc. London (B) 259: 7-14.
97. Ride, W. D. L. (1964). A review of Australian fossil marsupials. J. Proc. Roy. Soc. West. Aust. 47: 97-131.
98. Sadler, P. M. (1988). Geometry and stratification of uppermost Cretaceous and Paleogene units on Seymour Island, northern Antarctic Peninsula. In: Geology and Paleontology of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, R. M. Feldmann and M. O. Woodburne (eds.), pp. 303-320,
99. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 169, Boulder, CO.
100. Sarich, V., Lowenstein, J. M., and Richardson, B. J. (1982). Phylogenetic relationships of Thylacinus cynocephalus, Marsupialia, as reflected in comparative serology. In: Carnivorous Marsupials, M. Archer, ed., pp. 707-709, Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney.
101. Scotese, C. R., and Denham, C. R. (1988). User's Manual for Terra Mobilis: Plate Teconics for the Macintosh.
102. Shen, Y. (1995). A paleoisthmus between southern South America and Antarctic Peninsula during Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary. Int. Symp. Antarctic Earth Sei. Abslr., 345, Siena, Italy.
103. Simpson, G. G. (1953). Evolution and Geography, Condon Lectures, Oregon State System of Higher Education.
104. Smith, C. H. (1995). Mid-crustal conditions and processes during Cretaceous separation of Marie Byrd Land and New Zealand: Evidence from Marie Byrd Land. Int. Symp. Antarctic Earth Sei. Abstr., 355, Siena, Italy.
105. Springer, M. S., and Kirsch, J. A. W. (1991). DNA hybridization, the compression effect, and the radiation of diprotodontian marsupials. Syst. Zool. 40: 131-151.
106. Springer, M. S., Westerman, M., and Kirsch, J. A. W. (1994). Relationships among orders and families of marsupials based on 12S ribosomal DNA sequences and the timing of the marsupial radiation. J. Mammal. Evol. 2: 85-115.
107. Springer, M. S., Kirsch, J. A. W., and Case, J. A. (1996). The chronicle of marsupial evolution. In: Molecular Evolution and Adaptive Radiation, T. J. Givnish and K. J. Sytsma (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (in press).
108. Storey, B. C. (1995). Microplates and mantle plumes in Antarctica. Int. Symp. Antarctic Earth Sci. Abstr., 361, Siena, Italy.
109. Strait, S. G. (1993). Molar morphology and food texture among small-bodied insectivorous mammals. J. Mammal. 74: 391.
110. Stump, E., and Fitzgerald, P. G. (1992). Episodic uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains. Geology 20: 161164.
111. Szalay, F. S. (1982a). A new appraisal of marsupial phylogeny and classification. In: Carnivorous Marsupials, M. Archer, ed., pp. 621-640, Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, Sydney.
112. Szalay, F. S. (1982b). Phylogenetic relationships of the marsupials. Géobios Mem. Spec. 6: 177-190.
113. Szalay, F. S. (1994). Evolutionary History of the Marsupials and an Analysis of Osteological Characters, Cambridge University Press, New York.
114. Tambussi, C., Noriega, J., Gaździcki, A., Tatur, A., Reguero, M. A., and Vizcaino, S. F. (1994a). The first occurrence of a ratite bird in the Paleogene of Antarctica. XXI Polar Symp., pp. 45-48, Warsaw.
115. Tambussi, C., Noriega, J., Gazdzicki, A., Tatur, A., Reguero, M. A., and Vizcaino, S. F. (1994b). Ratite bird from the Paleogene La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica. Polish Polar Res. 15: 15-20.
116. Tedford, R. H., Skinner, M. F., Fields, R. W., Rensberger, J. M., Whistler, D. P., Galusha, T., Taylor, B. E., Macdonald, J. R., and Webb, S. D. (1987). Faunal succession and biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian interval (late Oligocene through earliest Pliocene epochs). In: Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Geochronology and Biostratigraphy, M. O. Woodbume, ed., pp. 153-210, University of California Press, Berkeley.
117. Van Valen, L. M. (1988). Paleocene dinosaurs or Cretaceous ungulates in South America. Evol. Monogr. 10: 1-79.
118. Veevers, J. J. (1991). Phanerozoic Australia in the changing configuration of Proto-Pangea through Gondwanaland and Pangea to the present dispersed continents. Aust. Syst. Bot. 4: 1-11.
119. Veevers, J. J., and Li, Z. X. (1991). Review of sea floor spreading around Australia. II. Marine magnetic anomaly modeling. Aust. J. Earth Sei. 38: 391-408.
120. Veevers, J. J., Powell, C. McA., and Roots, S. R. (1991). Review of sea floor spreading around Australia. I. Synthesis of the patterns of spreading. Aust. J. Earth Sei. 38: 373-389.
121. Vizcaino, S. F., and Scillato-Yané, G. J. (1995). An Eocene tardigrade (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Seymour Island, West Antarctica. Antarctic Sci. 7: 407-408.
122. Vizcaino, S. F., Carlini, A. A., and Reguero, M. A. (1988). Primer registre de un marsupial Didelphimorphia en Antártida. Su implicancia biogeográfica, 5th Jornadas Argent. Paleont. Vert., Abstr., 30-31, Universidad de la Plata, La Plata.
123. Vizcaino, S. F., Reguero, M. A., Marenssi, S. A., and Santillana, S. N. (1994). The fossil record of land mammals from Antarctica. XXI Polar Symp., 49-54, Warsaw.
124. Vizcaino, S. F., Bond, M., Reguero, M. A., and Pascual, R. (1996). The youngest record of fossil land mammals from Antarctica: its significance on the evolution of the terrestrial environment of the Antarctic Peninsula during the late Eocene. J. Paieontol. (in press).
125. Wilford, G. E., and Brown, P. J, (1994). Maps of late Mesozoic-Cenozoic Gondwana break-up: some paleo-geographical implications. In: History of the Australian Vegetation: Cretaceous to Recent, R. S. Hill (ed.), pp. 5-13, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
126. Woodburne, M. O., and Zinsmeister, W. J. (1982). Fossil land mammal from Antarctica. Science 218: 284286.
127. Woodburne, M. O., and Zinsmeister, W. J. (1984). The first land mammal from Antarctica and its biogeographic implications. J. Paleontol. 58: 913-948.
128. Woodburne, M. O., Tedford, R. H., Archer, M., Turnbull, W. D., Plane, M. D., and Lundelius, E. L., Jr. (1985). Biochronology of the continental mammal record of Australia and New Guinea. Spec. Publ. South Aust. Dept. Mines Energy 5: 347-364.
129. Woodburne, M. O., MacFadden, B. J., Case, J. A., Springer, M., Pledge, N. S., Power, J. D., Woodburne, J. M., and Johnson, K. (1993). Land Mammal Biostratigraphy and Magnetostratigraphy of the Etadunna Formation (late Oligocene) of South Australia. J. Vert. Paleontol 13: 132-164.
130. Wrenn, J. H., and Hart, G. F. (1988). Paleogene dinoflagellate cyst biostratigraphy of Seymour Island, Antarctica. In: Geology and Paleontology of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, R. M. Feldmann and M. O. Woodburne, eds., pp. 321-447,
131. Geol. Soc. Am. Mem. 169, Boulder, CO.