메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 214-226

The relationship of communication apprehension to communication behavior: A meta-analysis

Author keywords

Communication apprehension; Communication behavior; Communication competence; Meta analysis

Indexed keywords


EID: 0001571639     PISSN: 01463373     EISSN: 17464102     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01463379609370011     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (79)

References (78)
  • 2
    • 0038951868 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of self report, observer, and physiological assessments of public speaking anxiety reduction techniques using meta-analysis
    • Allen, M., 1989. A comparison of self report, observer, and physiological assessments of public speaking anxiety reduction techniques using meta-analysis. Communication Studies, 40: 127-139.
    • (1989) Communication Studies , vol.40 , pp. 127-139
    • Allen, M.1
  • 3
    • 0002249344 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of self-report data on the effectiveness of public speaking anxiety treatment techniques
    • Allen, M., Hunter, J., and Donohue, W., 1989. Meta-analysis of self-report data on the effectiveness of public speaking anxiety treatment techniques. Communication Education, 38: 54-76.
    • (1989) Communication Education , vol.38 , pp. 54-76
    • Allen, M.1    Hunter, J.2    Donohue, W.3
  • 5
    • 84987486155 scopus 로고
    • Predispositions toward verbal behavior in task-oriented interaction
    • Arntson, P., Mortensen, C., and Lustig, M., 1980. Predispositions toward verbal behavior in task-oriented interaction. Human Communication Research, 6: 239-252.
    • (1980) Human Communication Research , vol.6 , pp. 239-252
    • Arntson, P.1    Mortensen, C.2    Lustig, M.3
  • 6
    • 84949608777 scopus 로고
    • Visualization: A means of reducing speech anxiety
    • Ayres, J., and Hopf, T., 1985. Visualization: A means of reducing speech anxiety. Communication Education, 35: 275-287.
    • (1985) Communication Education , vol.35 , pp. 275-287
    • Ayres, J.1    Hopf, T.2
  • 7
    • 0040729901 scopus 로고
    • Visualization, systematic desensitization, and rational-emotive therapy: A comparative evaluation
    • Ayres, J., and Hopf, T., 1987. Visualization, systematic desensitization, and rational-emotive therapy: A comparative evaluation. Communication Education, 36: 236-240.
    • (1987) Communication Education , vol.36 , pp. 236-240
    • Ayres, J.1    Hopf, T.2
  • 8
    • 84954854822 scopus 로고
    • Visualization: Is it more than extra-attention?
    • Ayres, J., and Hopf, T., 1989. Visualization: Is it more than extra-attention?. Communication Education, 38: 1-5.
    • (1989) Communication Education , vol.38 , pp. 1-5
    • Ayres, J.1    Hopf, T.2
  • 9
    • 0005213523 scopus 로고
    • The long-term effect of visualization in the classroom: A brief research report
    • Ayres, J., and Hopf, T., 1990. The long-term effect of visualization in the classroom: A brief research report. Communication Education, 39: 75-78.
    • (1990) Communication Education , vol.39 , pp. 75-78
    • Ayres, J.1    Hopf, T.2
  • 11
    • 11544336472 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of speech disturbance for the measurement of stage fright in the basic speech course
    • Baker, E., 1964. An experimental study of speech disturbance for the measurement of stage fright in the basic speech course. Southern Speech Journal, 29: 232-243.
    • (1964) Southern Speech Journal , vol.29 , pp. 232-243
    • Baker, E.1
  • 12
    • 0041113478 scopus 로고
    • Public speaking apprehension, decision-making errors in the selection of speech introduction strategies and adherence to strategy
    • Beatty, M., 1988. Public speaking apprehension, decision-making errors in the selection of speech introduction strategies and adherence to strategy. Communication Education, 37: 297-311.
    • (1988) Communication Education , vol.37 , pp. 297-311
    • Beatty, M.1
  • 13
    • 0011260950 scopus 로고
    • Communication apprehension and motivation as predictors of public speaking duration
    • Beatty, M., Forest, E., and Stewart, R., 1986. Communication apprehension and motivation as predictors of public speaking duration. Communication Education, 35: 143-146.
    • (1986) Communication Education , vol.35 , pp. 143-146
    • Beatty, M.1    Forest, E.2    Stewart, R.3
  • 14
    • 85064309297 scopus 로고
    • Stifle or stimulate? The effects of communication task structure on apprehensive and non-apprehensive students
    • 1986, Tucson, AZ
    • Booth-Butterfield, M., 1986. Stifle or stimulate? The effects of communication task structure on apprehensive and non-apprehensive students. Paper presented at the Western Speech Communication Association. 1986, Tucson, AZ.
    • (1986) Paper presented at the Western Speech Communication Association
    • Booth-Butterfield, M.1
  • 15
    • 0010005652 scopus 로고
    • Effects of evaluation, task structure, trait CA and reticence on state CA and behavioral disruption in dyadic settings
    • Booth-Butterfield, M., and Booth-Butterfield, S., 1986. Effects of evaluation, task structure, trait CA and reticence on state CA and behavioral disruption in dyadic settings. Communication Monographs, 53: 144-159.
    • (1986) Communication Monographs , vol.53 , pp. 144-159
    • Booth-Butterfield, M.1    Booth-Butterfield, S.2
  • 16
    • 0010039187 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between state and trait communication anxiety
    • Booth-Butterfield, S., 1989. The relationship between state and trait communication anxiety. Communication Research Reports, 6: 19-25.
    • (1989) Communication Research Reports , vol.6 , pp. 19-25
    • Booth-Butterfield, S.1
  • 17
    • 0002781225 scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of the relationship between communication apprehension and cognitive performance
    • Bourhis, J., and Allen, M., 1992. Meta-analysis of the relationship between communication apprehension and cognitive performance. Communication Education, 41: 68-76.
    • (1992) Communication Education , vol.41 , pp. 68-76
    • Bourhis, J.1    Allen, M.2
  • 18
    • 0347606762 scopus 로고
    • Communication apprehension and reactions to proxemic violations
    • Buller, D., 1987. Communication apprehension and reactions to proxemic violations. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 11: 13-25.
    • (1987) Journal of Nonverbal Behavior , vol.11 , pp. 13-25
    • Buller, D.1
  • 19
    • 84949342171 scopus 로고
    • Unwillingness to communicate scale: Development and validation
    • Burgoon, J., 1976. Unwillingness to communicate scale: Development and validation. Communication Monographs, 43: 60-69.
    • (1976) Communication Monographs , vol.43 , pp. 60-69
    • Burgoon, J.1
  • 20
    • 84987486331 scopus 로고
    • Nonverbal and relational communication associated with reticence
    • Burgoon, J., and Koper, R., 1984. Nonverbal and relational communication associated with reticence. Human Communication Research, 10: 601-626.
    • (1984) Human Communication Research , vol.10 , pp. 601-626
    • Burgoon, J.1    Koper, R.2
  • 21
    • 11544316990 scopus 로고
    • Nonverbal communication performance and perception associated with reticence: Replication and classroom implications
    • Burgoon, J., Pfau, M., Birk, T., and Manusov, V., 1987. Nonverbal communication performance and perception associated with reticence: Replication and classroom implications. Communication Education, 36: 119-130.
    • (1987) Communication Education , vol.36 , pp. 119-130
    • Burgoon, J.1    Pfau, M.2    Birk, T.3    Manusov, V.4
  • 22
    • 0012009786 scopus 로고
    • A synthesis of experimental research in stage fright
    • Clevenger, T., 1959. A synthesis of experimental research in stage fright. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 45: 134-145.
    • (1959) Quarterly Journal of Speech , vol.45 , pp. 134-145
    • Clevenger, T.1
  • 23
    • 84919947934 scopus 로고
    • A factor analysis of the visible symptoms of stage fright
    • Clevenger, T., and King, T., 1961. A factor analysis of the visible symptoms of stage fright. Speech Monographs, 28: 245-247.
    • (1961) Speech Monographs , vol.28 , pp. 245-247
    • Clevenger, T.1    King, T.2
  • 25
    • 84950849063 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of two instructional formats in the basic hybrid course on oral and test performance
    • Comeaux, P., and Neer, M., 1995. A comparison of two instructional formats in the basic hybrid course on oral and test performance. Southern Communication Journal, 60: 257-265.
    • (1995) Southern Communication Journal , vol.60 , pp. 257-265
    • Comeaux, P.1    Neer, M.2
  • 26
    • 0039938297 scopus 로고
    • Incorporating treatment for communication apprehension into oral communication courses
    • Connell, S., and Borden, G., 1987. Incorporating treatment for communication apprehension into oral communication courses. Communication Education, 36: 56-61.
    • (1987) Communication Education , vol.36 , pp. 56-61
    • Connell, S.1    Borden, G.2
  • 28
    • 0002545037 scopus 로고
    • Correlates and consequences of social-communicative anxiety
    • Daly J., McCroskey J., (eds), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, and,. Edited by
    • Daly, J., and Stafford, L., 1984. “ Correlates and consequences of social-communicative anxiety ”. In Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension, Edited by: Daly, J., and McCroskey, J., 125-144. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    • (1984) Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension , pp. 125-144
    • Daly, J.1    Stafford, L.2
  • 30
    • 21844504773 scopus 로고
    • Speech anxiety affects how people prepare speeches: A protocol analysis of the preparation processes of speakers
    • Daly, J., Vangelisti, A., and Weber, D., 1995. Speech anxiety affects how people prepare speeches: A protocol analysis of the preparation processes of speakers. Communication Monographs, 62: 383-397.
    • (1995) Communication Monographs , vol.62 , pp. 383-397
    • Daly, J.1    Vangelisti, A.2    Weber, D.3
  • 31
    • 0017904912 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral correlates of social anxiety
    • Daly, S., 1978. Behavioral correlates of social anxiety. British Journal of Social Psychology, 17: 117-130.
    • (1978) British Journal of Social Psychology , vol.17 , pp. 117-130
    • Daly, S.1
  • 32
    • 84910383362 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the overt manifestations of stage fright
    • Dickens, M., Gibson, F., and Prall, C., 1950. An experimental study of the overt manifestations of stage fright. Speech Monographs, 17: 37-47.
    • (1950) Speech Monographs , vol.17 , pp. 37-47
    • Dickens, M.1    Gibson, F.2    Prall, C.3
  • 33
    • 58049125185 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of certain physiological introspective and rating-scale techniques for the measurement of stage fright
    • Dickens, M., and Parker, W., 1951. An experimental study of certain physiological introspective and rating-scale techniques for the measurement of stage fright. Speech Monographs, 18: 251-259.
    • (1951) Speech Monographs , vol.18 , pp. 251-259
    • Dickens, M.1    Parker, W.2
  • 34
    • 0026887070 scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in self-disclosure: A meta-analysis
    • Dindia, K., and Allen, M., 1992. Sex differences in self-disclosure: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 112: 106-124.
    • (1992) Psychological Bulletin , vol.112 , pp. 106-124
    • Dindia, K.1    Allen, M.2
  • 37
    • 84987557265 scopus 로고
    • The effects of communication apprehension of communication effectiveness
    • Freimuth, V., 1976. The effects of communication apprehension of communication effectiveness. Human Communication Research, 2: 289-298.
    • (1976) Human Communication Research , vol.2 , pp. 289-298
    • Freimuth, V.1
  • 38
    • 85064307462 scopus 로고
    • Indexes of change in attitudes and behavior among students enrolled in general speech courses
    • Gilkinson, H., 1942. Indexes of change in attitudes and behavior among students enrolled in general speech courses. Speech Monographs, 8: 25-33.
    • (1942) Speech Monographs , vol.8 , pp. 25-33
    • Gilkinson, H.1
  • 39
    • 3242708195 scopus 로고
    • Individual differences among students of speech as revealed by psychological tests-I
    • Gilkinson, H., and Knower, F., 1940. Individual differences among students of speech as revealed by psychological tests-I. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 26: 243-255.
    • (1940) Quarterly Journal of Speech , vol.26 , pp. 243-255
    • Gilkinson, H.1    Knower, F.2
  • 40
    • 84958371652 scopus 로고
    • Testing for moderator variables in meta-analysis: Issues and Methods
    • Hall, J., and Rosenthal, R., 1991. Testing for moderator variables in meta-analysis: Issues and Methods. Communication Monographs, 58: 437-448.
    • (1991) Communication Monographs , vol.58 , pp. 437-448
    • Hall, J.1    Rosenthal, R.2
  • 44
    • 84987471887 scopus 로고
    • Verbal behavior as a function of apprehension and social context
    • Jordan, W., and Powers, W., 1978. Verbal behavior as a function of apprehension and social context. Human Communication Research, 4: 294-300.
    • (1978) Human Communication Research , vol.4 , pp. 294-300
    • Jordan, W.1    Powers, W.2
  • 45
    • 0040598778 scopus 로고
    • Social skills training as a mode of treatment for social communication problems
    • Daly J., McCroskey J., (eds), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage,. Edited by
    • Kelly, L., 1984. “ Social skills training as a mode of treatment for social communication problems ”. In Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension, Edited by: Daly, J., and McCroskey, J., 189-208. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    • (1984) Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension , pp. 189-208
    • Kelly, L.1
  • 46
    • 21144484564 scopus 로고
    • Attitude-behavior relations: A meta-analysis of attitudinal relevance and topic
    • Kim, M., and Hunter, J., 1993a. Attitude-behavior relations: A meta-analysis of attitudinal relevance and topic. Journal of Communication, 43: 101-142.
    • (1993) Journal of Communication , vol.43 , pp. 101-142
    • Kim, M.1    Hunter, J.2
  • 47
    • 84965404686 scopus 로고
    • Relationships among attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behavior: A meta-analysis, Part 2
    • Kim, M., and Hunter, J., 1993b. Relationships among attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behavior: A meta-analysis, Part 2. Communication Research, 20: 331-364.
    • (1993) Communication Research , vol.20 , pp. 331-364
    • Kim, M.1    Hunter, J.2
  • 48
    • 0002863896 scopus 로고
    • Cross-cultural apprehension research: A summary of Pacific Basin studies
    • Daly J., McCroskey J., (eds), Beverly Hills, CA: Sage,. Edited by
    • Klopf, D., 1984. “ Cross-cultural apprehension research: A summary of Pacific Basin studies ”. In Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension, Edited by: Daly, J., and McCroskey, J., 157-172. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
    • (1984) Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension , pp. 157-172
    • Klopf, D.1
  • 50
    • 0008696303 scopus 로고
    • High communication apprehensive talk about communication apprehension and its effects on their behavior
    • Lederman, L., 1983. High communication apprehensive talk about communication apprehension and its effects on their behavior. Communication Quarterly, 31: 233-237.
    • (1983) Communication Quarterly , vol.31 , pp. 233-237
    • Lederman, L.1
  • 51
    • 0040904844 scopus 로고
    • A preliminary study of the verbal behavior of speech fright
    • Lerea, L., 1956. A preliminary study of the verbal behavior of speech fright. Speech Monographs, 23: 229-233.
    • (1956) Speech Monographs , vol.23 , pp. 229-233
    • Lerea, L.1
  • 52
    • 0002656001 scopus 로고
    • Measuring trait apprehension: A test of rival measurement models of the PRCA-24
    • Levine, T., and McCroskey, J., 1990. Measuring trait apprehension: A test of rival measurement models of the PRCA-24. Communication Monographs, 57: 62-72.
    • (1990) Communication Monographs , vol.57 , pp. 62-72
    • Levine, T.1    McCroskey, J.2
  • 53
    • 84950234893 scopus 로고
    • Interaction analysis of small problem-solving groups containing reticent and non-reticent members
    • Lustig, M., and Grove, T., 1975. Interaction analysis of small problem-solving groups containing reticent and non-reticent members. Western Speech Communication, 39: 155-164.
    • (1975) Western Speech Communication , vol.39 , pp. 155-164
    • Lustig, M.1    Grove, T.2
  • 54
    • 84972901737 scopus 로고
    • The effects of communication apprehension on nonverbal behavior
    • McCroskey, J., 1976. The effects of communication apprehension on nonverbal behavior. Communication Quarterly, 24: 39-44.
    • (1976) Communication Quarterly , vol.24 , pp. 39-44
    • McCroskey, J.1
  • 55
    • 84972862409 scopus 로고
    • Oral communication apprehension: A summary of recent theory and research
    • McCroskey, J., 1977. Oral communication apprehension: A summary of recent theory and research. Human Communication Research, 4: 78-96.
    • (1977) Human Communication Research , vol.4 , pp. 78-96
    • McCroskey, J.1
  • 56
    • 0038602178 scopus 로고
    • Effects of communication apprehension, familiarity of partner, and topic on selected “women's language” features
    • McMullen, L., and Pasloski, D., 1992. Effects of communication apprehension, familiarity of partner, and topic on selected “women's language” features. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 21: 17-30.
    • (1992) Journal of Psycholinguistic Research , vol.21 , pp. 17-30
    • McMullen, L.1    Pasloski, D.2
  • 57
    • 21344495211 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between preparation and performance in public speaking
    • Menzel, K., and Carrell, L., 1994. Relationship between preparation and performance in public speaking. Communication Education, 43: 17-26.
    • (1994) Communication Education , vol.43 , pp. 17-26
    • Menzel, K.1    Carrell, L.2
  • 58
    • 84945612719 scopus 로고
    • The confidence of speakers
    • Moore, H., 1943. The confidence of speakers. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 29: 213-222.
    • (1943) Quarterly Journal of Speech , vol.29 , pp. 213-222
    • Moore, H.1
  • 59
    • 84987505527 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of verbal predispositions: Scale development and application
    • Mortensen, C., Arnston, P., and Lustig, M., 1977. The measurement of verbal predispositions: Scale development and application. Human Communication Research, 3: 146-158.
    • (1977) Human Communication Research , vol.3 , pp. 146-158
    • Mortensen, C.1    Arnston, P.2    Lustig, M.3
  • 60
    • 84925886070 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral assessment of speech anxiety
    • Mulac, A., and Sherman, A., 1974. Behavioral assessment of speech anxiety. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 60: 134-143.
    • (1974) Quarterly Journal of Speech , vol.60 , pp. 134-143
    • Mulac, A.1    Sherman, A.2
  • 61
    • 84925894342 scopus 로고
    • Relationships among four parameters of speaker evaluation: Speech skill, source credibility, subjective speech anxiety, and behavioral speech anxiety
    • Mulac, A., and Sherman, A., 1975. Relationships among four parameters of speaker evaluation: Speech skill, source credibility, subjective speech anxiety, and behavioral speech anxiety. Speech Monographs, 42: 302-310.
    • (1975) Speech Monographs , vol.42 , pp. 302-310
    • Mulac, A.1    Sherman, A.2
  • 62
    • 0018485643 scopus 로고
    • Vocal interruptions in dyadic communication as a function of speech and social anxiety
    • Natle, M., Entin, E., and Jaffe, J., 1979. Vocal interruptions in dyadic communication as a function of speech and social anxiety. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37: 865-878.
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 865-878
    • Natle, M.1    Entin, E.2    Jaffe, J.3
  • 63
    • 85064294562 scopus 로고
    • Communication apprehension and vocal stress as indices of deception
    • O'Hair, Cody M., and Behnke, R., 1985. Communication apprehension and vocal stress as indices of deception. Western Journal of Speech Communication, 49: 286-300.
    • (1985) Western Journal of Speech Communication , vol.49 , pp. 286-300
    • O'Hair, C.M.1    Behnke, R.2
  • 65
    • 34848873003 scopus 로고
    • Measures and correlates of audience anxiety ("stage fright")
    • Paivio, A., and Lambert, W., 1959. Measures and correlates of audience anxiety ("stage fright"). Journal of Personality, 27: 1-17.
    • (1959) Journal of Personality , vol.27 , pp. 1-17
    • Paivio, A.1    Lambert, W.2
  • 66
    • 85064300216 scopus 로고
    • The personal report of communication apprehension: Predictive validity and behavioral correlates
    • March1984, Philadelphia, PA. : (ERIC ED 243 157
    • Pearson, J., and Turner, L., 1984. The personal report of communication apprehension: Predictive validity and behavioral correlates. Paper presented at the Eastern Communication Association Convention. March1984, Philadelphia, PA. (ERIC ED 243 157)
    • (1984) Paper presented at the Eastern Communication Association Convention
    • Pearson, J.1    Turner, L.2
  • 68
    • 84925904359 scopus 로고
    • The behavioral consequences of shyness
    • Pilkonis, P., 1977. The behavioral consequences of shyness. Journal of Personality, 45: 596-611.
    • (1977) Journal of Personality , vol.45 , pp. 596-611
    • Pilkonis, P.1
  • 69
    • 84948527350 scopus 로고
    • Communication apprehension: Communication's latest artifact
    • Nimmo D., (ed), New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books,. Edited by
    • Porter, T., 1979. “ Communication apprehension: Communication's latest artifact ”. In Communication yearbook 3, Edited by: Nimmo, D., 125-144. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books.
    • (1979) Communication yearbook 3 , pp. 125-144
    • Porter, T.1
  • 70
    • 84987590651 scopus 로고
    • Communication apprehension and achievement in a performance-oriented basic communication course
    • Powers, W., and Smythe, M., 1980. Communication apprehension and achievement in a performance-oriented basic communication course. Human Communication Research, 6: 146-152.
    • (1980) Human Communication Research , vol.6 , pp. 146-152
    • Powers, W.1    Smythe, M.2
  • 71
    • 0009328580 scopus 로고
    • Prospects and precautions in the use of meta-analysis
    • Allen M., Preiss R., (eds), Dubuque, IA: Brown and Benchmark Publishers, and,. Edited by
    • Preiss, R., and Allen, M., 1994. “ Prospects and precautions in the use of meta-analysis ”. In Prospects and precautions in the use of meta-analysis, Edited by: Allen, M., and Preiss, R., 1-33. Dubuque, IA: Brown and Benchmark Publishers.
    • (1994) Prospects and precautions in the use of meta-analysis , pp. 1-33
    • Preiss, R.1    Allen, M.2
  • 73
    • 84929065084 scopus 로고
    • The effects of nonverbal involvement and communication apprehension on state anxiety, interpersonal attraction, and speech duration
    • Remland, M., and Jones, T., 1989. The effects of nonverbal involvement and communication apprehension on state anxiety, interpersonal attraction, and speech duration. Communication Quarterly, 37: 170-183.
    • (1989) Communication Quarterly , vol.37 , pp. 170-183
    • Remland, M.1    Jones, T.2
  • 76
    • 84936823564 scopus 로고
    • The theory of reasoned action: A meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications and future research
    • Sheppard, B., Hartwick, J., and Warshaw, P., 1988. The theory of reasoned action: A meta-analysis of past research with recommendations for modifications and future research. Journal of Consumer Research, 5: 325-343.
    • (1988) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.5 , pp. 325-343
    • Sheppard, B.1    Hartwick, J.2    Warshaw, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.