A national study of gender-based occupational section in municipal bureaucracies: Persistence of glass walk?

Public Administration Review

Volumn 59, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 218-229

  Miller, Will ^a   Kerr, Brinck ^a   Reid, Margaret ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001561447     PISSN: 00333352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/3109950     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Anderson, James E. (1997). Public Policymaking. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
2. Ballard, Steve and Gayle Lawn-Day (1992). "Affirmative Action in Municipal Government: Anatomy of a Failure." Review of Public Personnel Administration 12 (May/August): 5-16.
3. Baron, James N. and Ann Newman (1989). "Pay the Man: Effects of Demographic Composition on Prescribed Wage Rates in the California Civil Service." In Robert T. Michaels, Heidi I. Hartmann, and Brigid O'Farrell, eds., Pay Equity: Empirical Inquiries. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 107-130.
4. Beck, Susan A. (1991). "Rethinking Municipal Governance: Gender Distinctions on Local Councils." In Debra L. Dodson, ed., Gender and Policymaking: Studies of Women in Office. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for the American Woman and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University, 103-113.
5. Beck, Susan A. (1995). "Gender and the Politics of Affordable Housing." In Judith Garber and Robyne Turner, eds., Gender in Urban Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 119-135.
6. Berman, Evan M. (1997). "Dealing with Cynical Citizens." Public Administration Review 57 (2): 105-112.
7. Bullard, Angela M. and Deil S. Wright (1993). "Circumventing the Glass Ceiling: Women Executives in American State Governments." Public Administration Review 53(3): 189-202.
8. Carroll, Stephen J., Debra L. Dodson, and Ruth B. Mandel (1991). The Impact of Women in Public Office: An Overview. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for the American Woman and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University.
9. Gayer, N. Joseph and Lee Sigelman (1980). "Minorities and Women in State and Local Government: 1973-1975." Public Administration Review 40(5): 443-450.
10. Conway, Mary Margaret, David W. Ahren, and Gertrude A. Steuernagel (1995). Women and Public Policy: A Revolution in Progress. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
11. Cornwell, Christopher and J. Edward Kellough (1994). "Women and Minorities in Federal Government Agencies: Examining New Evidence From Panel Data." Public Administration Review 54(3): 265-276.
12. Corson, John J. and R. Shale Paul (1966). Men Near the Top. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
13. Crum, John and Katherine C. Naff (1997). "Looking Like America: The Continuing Importance of Affirmative Action." Public Productivity and Management Review 20(June): 272-287.
14. Dodson, Debra L. and Stephen J. Carroll (1991). Reshaping the Agenda: Women in State Legislatures. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for the American Woman and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University.
15. Dye, Thomas and James Renick (1981). "Political Power and City Jobs: Determinants of Minority Employment." Social Science Quarterly 62(September): 475-486.
16. Eribes, R., N. Joseph Gayer, Albert K. Karnig, and Susan Welch (1989). "Women in Municipal Bureaucracies in the Southwest." In Mary Margaret Hale and Rita Mae Kelly, eds., Gender, Bureaucracy, and Democracy. New York: Greenwood Press, 155-189.
17. Frederickson, H. George (1990). "Public Administration and Social Equity." Public Administration Review 50(2): 228-237.
18. Furchtgott-Roth, Donna and Christine Stolba (1996). Women's Figures. Arlington, VA: Independent Women's Forum.
19. Gilligan, Carol (1982). In a Different Voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
20. Groshen, Erica L. (1991). "The Structure of the Female/Male Wage Differential." The Journal of Human Resources 26(Summer): 457-72.
21. Kearney, Richard C. and Holly Sellers (1996). "Sex on the Docket: Reports of State Task Forces on Gender Bias." Public Administration Review 56(6): 587-592.
22. Kellough, J. Edward (1989). Federal Equal Employment Opportunity Policy and Numerical Goals and Timetables. New York: Praeger.
23. Kelly, Rita Mae, Mary E. Guy, Jane Bayes, Cathy Johnson (1991). "Public Managers in the States: A Comparison of Career Advancement by Sex." Public Administration Review 51(5): 402-412.
24. Kerr, Brinck, Will Miller, and Margaret Reid (1998). "Determinants of Female Employment Patterns in U.S. Cities: A Time Series Analysis." Urban Affairs Review 33(March): 559-578.
25. Kymlicka, Will (1990). Contemporary Political Philosophy. New York: Oxford.
26. Leonard, Jonathan S. (1989). "Women and Affirmative Action." Journal of Economic Perspectives 3(Winter): 61-75.
27. Lewis, Gregory B. and Mark A. Emmert (1986). "The Sexual Division of Labor in Federal Employment." Social Science Quarterly 67(March): 143-156.
28. Lewis, Gregory B. and David Nice (1994). "Race, Sex, and Occupational Segregation in State and Local Governments." American Review of Public Administration 24(December): 393-410.
29. Lowi, Theodore (1964). "American Business, Public Policy, Case Studies, and Political Theory." World Politics 16(July): 677-715.
30. Lowi, Theodore (1972). "Four Systems of Policy, Politics, and Choice." Public Administration Review 32(4): 298-310.
31. Lowi, Theodore (1985). "The State in Politics: The Relation Between Policy and Administration." In Roger Noll, ed., Regulatory Policy and the Social Sciences. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 67-104.
32. MacManus, Susan A. (1981). "A City's First Female Officeholder: 'Coattails' for Future Office Seekers?" Western Political Quarterly 34(March): 88-99.
33. McGlen, Nancy E. and Karen O'Connor (1995). Women, Politics, and American Society. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
34. Merritt, Sharyne (1980). "Sex Differences in Role Behavior and Policy Orientations of Suburban Officeholders: The Effects of Women's Employment." In Debra W. Stewart, ed., Women in Local Politics. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 115-129.
35. Mezey, Susan Gluck (1978). "Support for Women's Rights Policy: An Analysis of Local Politicians." American Politics Quarterly 6(October): 485-497.
36. Mladenka, Kenneth (1991). "Public Employee Unions, Reformism, and Black Employment in 1200 American Cities." Urban Affairs Quarterly 26(June): 532-548.
37. Naff, Katherine C. (1994). "Through the Glass Ceiling: Prospects of the Advancement of Women in the Federal Service." Public Administration Review 54(6): 507-514.
38. Naff, Katherine C. and Sue Thomas (1994). "The Glass Ceiling Revisited: Determinants of Federal Job Advancement." Policy Studies Review 13(Autumn/Winter): 249-272.
39. Newman, Meredith Ann (1993). "Career Advancement: Does Gender Make a Difference?" American Review of Public Administration 23(December): 361-384.
40. Newman, Meredith Ann (1994). "Gender and Lowi's Thesis: Implications for Career Advancement." Public Administration Review 54(3): 277-284.
41. Peterson, Paul E. (1981). City Limits. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
42. Pfeffer, Jeffrey and Alison Davis-Blake (1987). "The Effect of the Proportion of Women on Salaries: The Case of College Administrators." Administrative Science Quarterly 32 (March): 1-24.
43. Radin, Beryl A. (1980). "Leadership Training for Women in State and Local Government." Public Personnel Management 9(2): 52-57.
44. Rinehart, Sue Tolleson (1991). "Do Women Leaders Make a Difference?" In D. L. Dodson, ed., Gender and Policymaking: Studies of Women in Office. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for the American Woman and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University.
45. Rizzo, A. and C. Mendez (1990). The Integration of Women in Management: A Guide for Human Resources and Management Development Specialists. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
46. Ruccucci, Norma M. (1986). "Female and Minority Employment in City Government: The Role of Unions." Policy Studies Journal 15 (September): 3-16.
47. Ruccucci, Norma M. and Judith Saidel (1997). "The Representativeness of State-Level Bureaucratic Leaders: A Missing Piece of the Representative Bureaucracy Puzzle." Public Administration Review 57(5): 423-430.
48. Saltzstein, Grace Hall (1986). "Female Mayors and Women in Municipal Jobs." American Journal of Political Science 64 (February): 140-164.
49. Shapiro, Virginia (1986). "The Gender Basis of American Social Policy." Political Science Quarterly 101 (Summer): 221-238.
50. Slack, James D. (1987). "Affirmative Action and City Managers: Attitudes Toward Recruitment of Women." Public Administration Review 47(2): 199-206.
51. Stanwick, Kathy A. and Katherine E. Kleeman (1983). Women Make a Difference. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for the American Woman and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University.
52. Steel, Brent and Nicholas Lovrich (1986). "Fiscal Stress, Competing Values and Municipal Governance: What Fate Befell Affirmative Action in Municipal Police Departments?" Journal of Urban Affairs 8(Summer): 15-30.
53. Stein, Lana (1986). "Representative Local Government: Minorities in the Municipal Workforce." Journal of Politics 48(August): 694-713.
54. Stewart, Debra W. (1980). "Commissions on the Status of Women and Building a Local Policy Agenda." In Debra W. Stewart, ed., Women in Local Politics. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow, 198-214.
55. Stivers, Camilla (1993). Gender Images in Public Administration. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
56. Thomas, Sue (1994). How Women Legislate. New York: Oxford.
57. Tolleson-Rinehart, Susan (1991). "Do Women Leaders Make a Difference? Substance, Style, and Perceptions." In Debra Dodson, ed., Gender and Policymaking: Studies of Women in Office. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for the American Woman and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University, 93-102.
58. Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald, Arne L. Kalleberg, and Cynthia R. Cook (1996). "Organizational Patterns of Gender Segregation." In A. L. Kalleberg, D. Knoke, P. V. Marsden, and J. L. Spaeth, eds., Organizations in America. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
59. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, various years. Form 164, State and Local Government Information (EEO-4). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
60. Vega, Arturo and Junita M. Firestone (1995). "The Effects of Gender on Congressional Behavior and Substantive Representation of Women." Legislative Studies Quarterly 20(May): 213-222.
61. Walker, Sam (1985). "Racial Minority and Female Employment in Policing: The Implications of Glacial Change." Crime and Delinquency 31 (October): 555-572.
62. Wildavsky, Aaron (1979). Speaking Truth to Power: The Art and Craft of Policy Analysis. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
63. Warner, Rebecca L., Brent S. Steel, and Nicholas P. Lovrich (1989). "Conditions Associated with the Advent of Representative Bureaucracy: The Case of Policing." Social Science Quarterly 70(September): 562-578.
64. Welch, Susan (1985). "Are Women More Liberal than Men in the U.S. Congress?" Legislative Studies Quarterly 10(February): 125-134.
65. Welch, Susan and Sue Thomas (1991). "Do Women in Public Office Make a Difference?" In Debra L. Dodson, ed., Gender and Policymaking: Studies of Women in Office. New Brunswick, NJ: Center for the American Woman and Politics, Eagleton Institute of Politics, Rutgers University, 13-20.