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Volumn 55, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 5147-5176

Studies of neutrino asymmetries generated by ordinary-sterile neutrino oscillations in the early Universe and implications for big bang nucleosynthesis bounds

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EID: 0001542726     PISSN: 15507998     EISSN: 15502368     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.55.5147     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (153)

References (90)
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    • We have implicitly assumed that the collision rate for neutrinos, (Formula presented), is equal to the collision rate for antineutrinos, (Formula presented). Of course, in a (Formula presented) asymmetric background the collision rate for neutrinos will be slightly different from the collision rate for antineutrinos. However, as shown in 18
    • We have implicitly assumed that the collision rate for neutrinos, (Formula presented), is equal to the collision rate for antineutrinos, (Formula presented). Of course, in a (Formula presented) asymmetric background the collision rate for neutrinos will be slightly different from the collision rate for antineutrinos. However, as shown in 18, (Formula presented) and hence to a good approximation (Formula presented).
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    • The condition that (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are approximately constant over the time scale (Formula presented) can be expressed by the equations (Formula presented)Expanding these conditions out, using the fact (Formula presented) (and similarly for (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) (where (Formula presented) is the Hubble parameter), it is straightforward to show that the above conditions are satisfied provided that (Formula presented), i.e., for (Formula presented) MeV
    • The condition that (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) are approximately constant over the time scale (Formula presented) can be expressed by the equations (Formula presented)Expanding these conditions out, using the fact (Formula presented) (and similarly for (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) (where (Formula presented) is the Hubble parameter), it is straightforward to show that the above conditions are satisfied provided that (Formula presented), i.e., for (Formula presented) MeV.
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    • The quantity (Formula presented) can be taken outside the integral (to a good approximation) provided that (Formula presented). This equation implies that (Formula presented)Using (Formula presented), and (Formula presented) (where (Formula presented) is the Hubble parameter), it follows that the above condition holds provided that (Formula presented), i.e., for (Formula presented)
    • The quantity (Formula presented) can be taken outside the integral (to a good approximation) provided that (Formula presented). This equation implies that (Formula presented)Using (Formula presented), and (Formula presented) (where (Formula presented) is the Hubble parameter), it follows that the above condition holds provided that (Formula presented), i.e., for (Formula presented).
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    • The theoretical predictions for the (Formula presented)Be, (Formula presented) and (Formula presented) neutrinos were taken from the paper by J. N. Bahcall in 40. These results have been obtained by examining 10 different solar models. For CNO neutrinos we have used Table 18 of S. Turck-Chièze et al., Phys. Rep.230, 57 (1993), and derived the error from the range of predictions. Note that the Homestake value (Formula presented) SNU represents the average of the data taken from the last run (1986–1993). We take this value because the pre-1986 data may be unreliable because it contains significant fluctuations. For a discussion about this point, see D. R. O. Morrison [CERN Report No. PPE/95-47, (1995) (unpublished)]. Table I also includes the most recent data from GALLEX and SAGE (GALLEX: (Formula presented) SNU, SAGE: (Formula presented) SNU which combine to give an average of (Formula presented) SNU), which was presented at the XVII International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics in Helsinki (1996).
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    • Note that the LSND experiment 3
    • Note that the LSND experiment 3 suggests that (Formula presented). This also implies that (Formula presented) because (Formula presented) and (Formula presented).
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    • the case where (Formula presented) oscillations are very significant (this should happen when the mixing angle (Formula presented) is relatively large), it may be possible that the rate of change of (Formula presented) can be large enough to make (Formula presented). In this case one then has approximately only one differential equation rather than two coupled differential equations. Even in this case, it is possible to show that the (Formula presented) created by (Formula presented) oscillations cannot get destroyed by (Formula presented) oscillations provided that (Formula presented)
    • In the case where (Formula presented) oscillations are very significant (this should happen when the mixing angle (Formula presented) is relatively large), it may be possible that the rate of change of (Formula presented) can be large enough to make (Formula presented). In this case one then has approximately only one differential equation rather than two coupled differential equations. Even in this case, it is possible to show that the (Formula presented) created by (Formula presented) oscillations cannot get destroyed by (Formula presented) oscillations provided that (Formula presented).
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    • Note that (Formula presented) follows because (Formula presented)
    • Note that (Formula presented) follows because (Formula presented)
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    • see also 7
    • Another way in which the sterile neutrinos can have a significant effective potential is if interactions with light particles such as Majorons exist. This possibility has been discussed in the paper, K. S. Babu and I. Z. Rothstein, Phys. Lett. B275, 112 (1992); see also 7.
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    • From Eq. (A18), using the result that the cosine is bounded by 1, it is straightforward to show that (Formula presented) provided that (Formula presented)
    • From Eq. (A18), using the result that the cosine is bounded by 1, it is straightforward to show that (Formula presented) provided that (Formula presented).
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