메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 102, Issue 23, 1997, Pages 28203-28214

The diffuse aurora: A significant source of ionization in the middle atmosphere

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 0001516641     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97jd02430     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (77)

References (66)
  • 1
    • 0028571988 scopus 로고
    • Energetic electron-induced enhancements of strato-spheric nitric acid
    • Aikin, A. C., Energetic electron-induced enhancements of strato-spheric nitric acid, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 859-862, 1994.
    • (1994) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.21 , pp. 859-862
    • Aikin, A.C.1
  • 2
    • 85005616617 scopus 로고
    • Auroral currents during the magnetic storm of November 8 and 9, 1991: Observations from the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite particle environment monitor
    • Anderson, B. J., T. A. Potemra, P. F. Bythrow, L. J. Zanetti, D. B. Holland, and J. D. Winningham, Auroral currents during the magnetic storm of November 8 and 9, 1991: Observations from the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite particle environment monitor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1327-1330, 1993.
    • (1993) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 1327-1330
    • Anderson, B.J.1    Potemra, T.A.2    Bythrow, P.F.3    Zanetti, L.J.4    Holland, D.B.5    Winningham, J.D.6
  • 3
    • 0000343577 scopus 로고
    • Highly relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer magnetosphere, 1, Life-times and temporal history 1979-1984
    • Baker, D. N., J. B. Blake, R. W. Klebesadel, and P. R. Higbie, Highly relativistic electrons in the Earth's outer magnetosphere, 1, Life-times and temporal history 1979-1984, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4265-4276, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.91 , pp. 4265-4276
    • Baker, D.N.1    Blake, J.B.2    Klebesadel, R.W.3    Higbie, P.R.4
  • 5
    • 0027797045 scopus 로고
    • Satellite and rocket studies of relativistic electrons and their influence on the middle atmosphere
    • Baker, D. N., R. A. Goldberg, F. A. Herrero, J. B. Blake, and L. B. Callis, Satellite and rocket studies of relativistic electrons and their influence on the middle atmosphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 55, 1619-1628, 1993a.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.55 , pp. 1619-1628
    • Baker, D.N.1    Goldberg, R.A.2    Herrero, F.A.3    Blake, J.B.4    Callis, L.B.5
  • 12
    • 0027837190 scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric energy input and ionization by energetic electrons during the geomagnetic storm of 8-9 November 1991
    • Chenette, D. L., D. W. Datlowe, R. M. Robinson, T. L. Schumaker, R. R. Vondrak, and J. D. Winningham, Atmospheric energy input and ionization by energetic electrons during the geomagnetic storm of 8-9 November 1991, Geophys. Res. Lett., 20, 1323-1326, 1993.
    • (1993) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.20 , pp. 1323-1326
    • Chenette, D.L.1    Datlowe, D.W.2    Robinson, R.M.3    Schumaker, T.L.4    Vondrak, R.R.5    Winningham, J.D.6
  • 13
    • 0000715207 scopus 로고
    • Energy spectra of plasma sheet ions and electrons from ∼50 eV/e to ∼1 MeV during plasma temperature transitions
    • Christon, S. P., D. G. Mitchell, D. J. Williams, L. A. Frank, C. Y. Huang, and T. E. Eastman, Energy spectra of plasma sheet ions and electrons from ∼50 eV/e to ∼1 MeV during plasma temperature transitions, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 2562-2572, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.93 , pp. 2562-2572
    • Christon, S.P.1    Mitchell, D.G.2    Williams, D.J.3    Frank, L.A.4    Huang, C.Y.5    Eastman, T.E.6
  • 14
    • 0027590921 scopus 로고
    • PET: A proton/electron telescope for studies of magnetospheric, solar, and galactic electrons
    • Cook, W. R., et al., PET: A proton/electron telescope for studies of magnetospheric, solar, and galactic electrons, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 31, 565-571, 1993.
    • (1993) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. , vol.31 , pp. 565-571
    • Cook, W.R.1
  • 15
    • 0039005332 scopus 로고
    • A storm time assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics analysis for the severe geomagnetic storm of November 8-9, 1991
    • Cooper, M. L., C. R. Clauer, B. A. Emery, A. D. Richmond, and J. D. Winningham, A storm time assimilative mapping of ionospheric electrodynamics analysis for the severe geomagnetic storm of November 8-9, 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19,329-19,342, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Cooper, M.L.1    Clauer, C.R.2    Emery, B.A.3    Richmond, A.D.4    Winningham, J.D.5
  • 16
    • 0000858453 scopus 로고
    • Height-integrated Pederson and Hall conductivity patterns inferred from the TIROS-NOAA satellite data
    • Fuller-Rowell, T. J., and D. S. Evans, Height-integrated Pederson and Hall conductivity patterns inferred from the TIROS-NOAA satellite data, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 7606-7618, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.92 , pp. 7606-7618
    • Fuller-Rowell, T.J.1    Evans, D.S.2
  • 17
    • 0028852314 scopus 로고
    • Relativistic electron fluxes in May 1992 and their effect on the middle atmosphere
    • Gaines, E. E., D. L. Chenette, W. L. Imhof, C. H. Jackman, and J. D. Winningham, Relativistic electron fluxes in May 1992 and their effect on the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 1027-1033, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100 , pp. 1027-1033
    • Gaines, E.E.1    Chenette, D.L.2    Imhof, W.L.3    Jackman, C.H.4    Winningham, J.D.5
  • 18
    • 0021460945 scopus 로고
    • Night-time auroral energy deposition in the middle atmosphere
    • Goldberg, R. A., C. H. Jackman, J. R. Barcus, and F. Søraas, Night-time auroral energy deposition in the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 5581-5596, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.89 , pp. 5581-5596
    • Goldberg, R.A.1    Jackman, C.H.2    Barcus, J.R.3    Søraas, F.4
  • 19
    • 0028594823 scopus 로고
    • Energy deposition and middle atmosphere electrodynamic response to a highly relativistic electron precipitation event
    • Goldberg, R. A., D. N. Baker, F. A. Herrero, S. P. McCarthy, P. A. Twigg, C. L. Croskey, and L. C. Hale, Energy deposition and middle atmosphere electrodynamic response to a highly relativistic electron precipitation event, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 21,071-21,081, 1994.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99
    • Goldberg, R.A.1    Baker, D.N.2    Herrero, F.A.3    McCarthy, S.P.4    Twigg, P.A.5    Croskey, C.L.6    Hale, L.C.7
  • 23
    • 0001543561 scopus 로고
    • Solar cycle effects on the near-earth space environment
    • Gorney, D. J., Solar cycle effects on the near-earth space environment, Rev. Geophys., 28, 315-336, 1990.
    • (1990) Rev. Geophys. , vol.28 , pp. 315-336
    • Gorney, D.J.1
  • 24
    • 0038073211 scopus 로고
    • Observations of a heated electron population associated with the 6300 Å SAR arc emission
    • Gurgiolo, C., D. W. Slater, J. D. Winningham, and J. L. Burch, Observations of a heated electron population associated with the 6300 Å SAR arc emission, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 965-968, 1982.
    • (1982) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 965-968
    • Gurgiolo, C.1    Slater, D.W.2    Winningham, J.D.3    Burch, J.L.4
  • 25
    • 0000042997 scopus 로고
    • A statistical model of auroral electron precipitation
    • Hardy, D. A., M. S. Gussenhoven, and E. Holeman, A statistical model of auroral electron precipitation, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4229-4248, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.90 , pp. 4229-4248
    • Hardy, D.A.1    Gussenhoven, M.S.2    Holeman, E.3
  • 28
    • 0000828561 scopus 로고
    • Solar proton events: Influence on stratospheric ozone
    • Heath, D. F., A. J. Krueger, and P. J. Crutzen, Solar proton events: Influence on stratospheric ozone, Science, 197, 886-889, 1977.
    • (1977) Science , vol.197 , pp. 886-889
    • Heath, D.F.1    Krueger, A.J.2    Crutzen, P.J.3
  • 29
    • 84989538532 scopus 로고
    • Rocket measurements of relativistic electrons: New features in fluxes, spectra, and pitch angle distributions
    • Herrero, F. A., D. N. Baker, and R. A. Goldberg, Rocket measurements of relativistic electrons: New features in fluxes, spectra, and pitch angle distributions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 1481-1484, 1991.
    • (1991) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.18 , pp. 1481-1484
    • Herrero, F.A.1    Baker, D.N.2    Goldberg, R.A.3
  • 31
    • 0026616025 scopus 로고
    • Observation and possible causes of new ozone depletion in Antarctica in 1991
    • Hofmann, D. J., S. J. Oltmans, J. M. Harris, S. Solomon, T. Deshler, and B. J. Johnson, Observation and possible causes of new ozone depletion in Antarctica in 1991, Nature, 359, 283-287, 1992.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 283-287
    • Hofmann, D.J.1    Oltmans, S.J.2    Harris, J.M.3    Solomon, S.4    Deshler, T.5    Johnson, B.J.6
  • 32
    • 0039754915 scopus 로고
    • Inputs to the atmosphere from relativistic electrons
    • Imhof, W. L., and E. E. Gaines, Inputs to the atmosphere from relativistic electrons, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 13,575-13,580, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98
    • Imhof, W.L.1    Gaines, E.E.2
  • 33
    • 0038236073 scopus 로고
    • Longitude and temporal variations of energetic electron precipitation near the trapping boundary
    • Imhof, W. L., J. Mobilia, D. W. Datlowe, H. D. Voss, and E. E. Gaines, Longitude and temporal variations of energetic electron precipitation near the trapping boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 3829-3839, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 3829-3839
    • Imhof, W.L.1    Mobilia, J.2    Datlowe, D.W.3    Voss, H.D.4    Gaines, E.E.5
  • 34
    • 84989592223 scopus 로고
    • Relativistic electron enhancement events: Simultaneous measurements from synchronous and low-altitude satellites
    • Imhof, W. L., H. D. Voss, J. Mobilia, D. W. Datlowe, J. P. McGlennon, and D. N. Baker, Relativistic electron enhancement events: Simultaneous measurements from synchronous and low-altitude satellites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18, 397-400, 1991a.
    • (1991) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.18 , pp. 397-400
    • Imhof, W.L.1    Voss, H.D.2    Mobilia, J.3    Datlowe, D.W.4    McGlennon, J.P.5    Baker, D.N.6
  • 35
    • 0038236074 scopus 로고
    • The precipitation of relativistic electrons near the trapping boundary
    • Imhof, W. L., H. D. Voss, J. Mobilia, D. W. Datlowe, and E. E. Gaines, The precipitation of relativistic electrons near the trapping boundary, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 5619-5629, 1991b.
    • (1991) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.96 , pp. 5619-5629
    • Imhof, W.L.1    Voss, H.D.2    Mobilia, J.3    Datlowe, D.W.4    Gaines, E.E.5
  • 36
    • 0000408793 scopus 로고
    • Production of odd nitrogen in the stratosphere and mesosphere: An intercomparison of source strengths
    • Jackman, C. H., J. E. Frederick, and R. S. Stolarski, Production of odd nitrogen in the stratosphere and mesosphere: An intercomparison of source strengths, J. Geophys. Res., 85, 7495-7505, 1980.
    • (1980) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.85 , pp. 7495-7505
    • Jackman, C.H.1    Frederick, J.E.2    Stolarski, R.S.3
  • 37
    • 0025620584 scopus 로고
    • Effect of solar proton events on the middle atmosphere during the past two solar cycles as computed using a two-dimensional model
    • Jackman, C. H., A. R. Douglass, R. B. Rood, and R. D. McPeters, Effect of solar proton events on the middle atmosphere during the past two solar cycles as computed using a two-dimensional model, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7417-7428, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.95 , pp. 7417-7428
    • Jackman, C.H.1    Douglass, A.R.2    Rood, R.B.3    McPeters, R.D.4
  • 40
    • 0029752984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of geomagnetic storms in the lower ionosphere, middle atmosphere and troposphere
    • Laštovička, J., Effects of geomagnetic storms in the lower ionosphere, middle atmosphere and troposphere, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 831-843, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.58 , pp. 831-843
    • Laštovička, J.1
  • 42
    • 0026902981 scopus 로고
    • CEPXS/ONELD version 2.0: A discrete ordinates code package for general one-dimensional coupled electron-photon transport
    • Lorence, L. J., Jr., CEPXS/ONELD version 2.0: A discrete ordinates code package for general one-dimensional coupled electron-photon transport, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 39, 1031-1034, 1992.
    • (1992) IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 1031-1034
    • Lorence Jr., L.J.1
  • 43
    • 0003994108 scopus 로고
    • Results guide to CEPXS/ONELD: A one-dimensional coupled electron-photon discrete ordinates code package version 1.0
    • Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, N. M.
    • Lorence, L. J., Jr., J. E. Morel, and G. D. Valdez, Results guide to CEPXS/ONELD: A one-dimensional coupled electron-photon discrete ordinates code package version 1.0, SAND89-2211, Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, N. M., 1990.
    • (1990) SAND89-2211
    • Lorence Jr., L.J.1    Morel, J.E.2    Valdez, G.D.3
  • 44
    • 0008546601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar origin of geomagnetic storms and predictions
    • Lundstedt, H., Solar origin of geomagnetic storms and predictions, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 58, 821-830, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.58 , pp. 821-830
    • Lundstedt, H.1
  • 45
    • 5244309555 scopus 로고
    • Variations of polar mesospheric oxygen and ozone during auroral events
    • Maeda, K., and A. C. Aikin, Variations of polar mesospheric oxygen and ozone during auroral events, Planet Space Sci., 16, 371-384, 1968.
    • (1968) Planet Space Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 371-384
    • Maeda, K.1    Aikin, A.C.2
  • 46
    • 0029542103 scopus 로고
    • Perspectives of present and future space weather forecasts
    • Marubashi, K., Perspectives of present and future space weather forecasts, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 1385-1396, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.57 , pp. 1385-1396
    • Marubashi, K.1
  • 48
    • 0001443037 scopus 로고
    • Coordinates for mapping the distribution of magnetically trapped particles
    • McIlwain, C. E., Coordinates for mapping the distribution of magnetically trapped particles, J. Geophys. Res., 66, 3681-3691, 1961.
    • (1961) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.66 , pp. 3681-3691
    • McIlwain, C.E.1
  • 49
    • 0012962454 scopus 로고
    • The discovery of auroral X rays by balloon-borne detectors and their contributions to magnetospheric research
    • edited by R. L. Lysak, AGU, Washington, D. C.
    • Parks, G. K., T. J. Freeman, M. P. McCarthy, and S. H. Werden, The discovery of auroral X rays by balloon-borne detectors and their contributions to magnetospheric research, in Auroral Plasma Dynamics, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 80, edited by R. L. Lysak, pp. 17-23, AGU, Washington, D. C., 1993.
    • (1993) Auroral Plasma Dynamics, Geophys. Monogr. Ser. , vol.80 , pp. 17-23
    • Parks, G.K.1    Freeman, T.J.2    McCarthy, M.P.3    Werden, S.H.4
  • 55
    • 0021043325 scopus 로고
    • Mesospheric ozone depletion during the solar proton event of July 13, 1982, II, Comparison between theory and measurements
    • Solomon, S., G. C. Reid, D. W. Rusch, and R. J. Thomas, Mesospheric ozone depletion during the solar proton event of July 13, 1982, II, Comparison between theory and measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 257-260, 1983.
    • (1983) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.10 , pp. 257-260
    • Solomon, S.1    Reid, G.C.2    Rusch, D.W.3    Thomas, R.J.4
  • 56
    • 0027807892 scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of atmospheric structure and composition by pressure modular radiometer from space: The ISAMS experiment on UARS
    • Taylor, F. W., et al., Remote sensing of atmospheric structure and composition by pressure modular radiometer from space: The ISAMS experiment on UARS, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,799-10,814, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98
    • Taylor, F.W.1
  • 57
    • 0041521253 scopus 로고
    • The importance of energetic electron precipitation on the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere
    • Thorne, R. M., The importance of energetic electron precipitation on the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere, Pure Appl. Geophys., 118, 128-151, 1980.
    • (1980) Pure Appl. Geophys. , vol.118 , pp. 128-151
    • Thorne, R.M.1
  • 58
    • 58149365298 scopus 로고
    • The future of geomagnetic storm predictions: Implications from recent solar and interplanetary observations
    • Tsurutani, B. T., and W. D. Gonzales, The future of geomagnetic storm predictions: Implications from recent solar and interplanetary observations, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 57, 1369-1384, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. , vol.57 , pp. 1369-1384
    • Tsurutani, B.T.1    Gonzales, W.D.2
  • 59
    • 0013011681 scopus 로고
    • Early rocket observations of auroral bremsstrahlung and its absorption in the mesosphere
    • Van Allen, J. A., Early rocket observations of auroral bremsstrahlung and its absorption in the mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 14,485-14,497, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Van Allen, J.A.1
  • 60
    • 0030464298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of sources of odd nitrogen production from 1974 through 1993 in the Earth's middle atmosphere as calculated using a two-dimensional model
    • Vitt, F. M., and C. H. Jackman, A comparison of sources of odd nitrogen production from 1974 through 1993 in the Earth's middle atmosphere as calculated using a two-dimensional model, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6729-6739, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 6729-6739
    • Vitt, F.M.1    Jackman, C.H.2
  • 61
    • 5244259602 scopus 로고
    • Ozone measurements in the mesosphere during the solar proton event of November 2, 1969
    • Weeks, L. H., R. S. CuiKay, and J. R. Corbin, Ozone measurements in the mesosphere during the solar proton event of November 2, 1969, J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1138-1142, 1972.
    • (1972) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.29 , pp. 1138-1142
    • Weeks, L.H.1    CuiKay, R.S.2    Corbin, J.R.3
  • 62
    • 0002785724 scopus 로고
    • General characteristics of the auroral ionosphere
    • edited by T. S. Chang, B. Coppi, and J. R. Jasperse, Sci. Publ., Cambridge, Mass.
    • Whalen, J. A., General characteristics of the auroral ionosphere, in Proceedings of the 1981 MIT Symposium of the Physics of Space Plasmas, vol. 4, edited by T. S. Chang, B. Coppi, and J. R. Jasperse, pp. 85-114, Sci. Publ., Cambridge, Mass., 1982.
    • (1982) Proceedings of the 1981 MIT Symposium of the Physics of Space Plasmas , vol.4 , pp. 85-114
    • Whalen, J.A.1
  • 63
    • 0020812133 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative description of the spatial distribution and dynamics of the energy flux in the continuous aurora
    • Whalen, J. A., A quantitative description of the spatial distribution and dynamics of the energy flux in the continuous aurora, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 7155-7169, 1983.
    • (1983) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.88 , pp. 7155-7169
    • Whalen, J.A.1
  • 64
    • 4344684769 scopus 로고
    • edited by A. S. Jursa, Chapter 12, Air Force Geophys. Lab., Air Force Syst. Command, U.S. Air Force, Springfield, Va.
    • Whalen, J. A., R. R. O'Neil, and R. H. Picard, The aurora, in Handbook of Geophysics and Space Physics, edited by A. S. Jursa, Chapter 12, pp. 1-19, Air Force Geophys. Lab., Air Force Syst. Command, U.S. Air Force, Springfield, Va., 1985.
    • (1985) Handbook of Geophysics and Space Physics , pp. 1-19
    • Whalen, J.A.1    O'Neil, R.R.2    Picard, R.H.3    Aurora, T.4
  • 65
    • 84986356307 scopus 로고
    • Implications of large flow velocity signatures in nearly isotropic ion distributions
    • Williams, D. J., D. G. Mitchell, and S. P. Christon, Implications of large flow velocity signatures in nearly isotropic ion distributions Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 303-306, 1988.
    • (1988) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.15 , pp. 303-306
    • Williams, D.J.1    Mitchell, D.G.2    Christon, S.P.3
  • 66
    • 0027844020 scopus 로고
    • The UARS particle environment monitor
    • Winningham, J. D., et al., The UARS particle environment monitor, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 10,649-10,666, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.98
    • Winningham, J.D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.