Ionization potentials for the titanium, zirconium, and the mixed metal met-cars

Journal of Physical Chemistry A

Volumn 102, Issue 51, 1998, Pages 10486-10492

  Sakurai, H ^a   Castleman Jr , A W ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0001479731     PISSN: 10895639     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp983287j     Document Type: Article

References (54)

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48. There are many cluster studies that utilized some sort of cooling devices. However, we adapted their method because their studies were similar to ours in terms that they used a laser vaporization cluster source with a pulsed valve and, moreover, because they provided experimental evidence for the cooling efficiency of their nozzle. See: Collings, B. A.; Amrein, A. H.; Rayner, D. M.; Hackett, P. A. J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 99, 4174. Yang, D.-S.; Zgierski, M. Z.; Rayner, D. M.; Hackett, P. A.; Martinez, A.; Salahub, D. R.; Roy, P.-N.; Carrington, T., Jr. J. Chem. Phys. 1995, 103, 5335.
49. There are many cluster studies that utilized some sort of cooling devices. However, we adapted their method because their studies were similar to ours in terms that they used a laser vaporization cluster source with a pulsed valve and, moreover, because they provided experimental evidence for the cooling efficiency of their nozzle. See: Collings, B. A.; Amrein, A. H.; Rayner, D. M.; Hackett, P. A. J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 99, 4174. Yang, D.-S.; Zgierski, M. Z.; Rayner, D. M.; Hackett, P. A.; Martinez, A.; Salahub, D. R.; Roy, P.-N.; Carrington, T., Jr. J. Chem. Phys. 1995, 103, 5335.
50. Sakurai, H.; Castleman, A. W., Jr. To be published.
51. 3, and other chemicals from impurity, e.g., water, were excluded.
52. This observation provides another piece of evidence that the neutral titanium Met-Car was abundant in the cluster beam, and hence proves it is a stable species. More description will be given in ref 48.
53. This observation of the methane association does not rule out the possibility that the Met-Cars produced with the conical nozzle were cold in the original source configuration. The differences between the conical and straight nozzles were not only cooling efficiency but also mixing conditions between Met-Cars and methane molecules. In other words, the straight nozzle provided a longer mixing time and a higher methane concentration than the conical nozzle before the whole gaseous species expanded into the vacuum, and this might be the difference whether the methane association was observed or not.
54. One of the reviewers suggested the possible existence of isomers to explain the discrepancy. In the reviewer's argument, our clusters were grown under hotter conditions, and upon cooling may have been annealed into a more stable structure of a lower IP than those produced by Brock and Duncan.